Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMSN.pdf: 2169517 bytes, checksum: eac00c121837c7980b03e8f180c827d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-06 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This research has compared the coordination and relation structures in two truck manufactures in Brazilian automotive industry. The network analysis level has been consolidated as an adequate approach in order to understand the cooperation/competition binomial, which involves the markets and the relationship among economic actors. In the network analysis, it has been assumed that the environment in which the organizations work is structured by technological and productive vehicles, established between companies and institutions. Within the field of economic sociology and the organization theory there is an increasing concern in order to understand how a structural position and the type of relationship among the economic actors in a certain network have influenced the organization performance and its strategic behavior. Over the last decade, it has been observed a deep structural change within the Brazilian automotive section, with direct consequences in the suppliers network. The direct consequence of this change is the set of opportunities that truck manufactures and autopart suppliers can obtain from their relational and structural positions within the Brazilian automotive sector. The central issue of this work is related to how the different relational and structural positions of the autopart suppliers in the automobile network influence the diffusion levels of knowledge, the truck manufacture control over the suppliers and their relationship of power. The conclusions of this research have revealed that the cohesive and dense relationship has great possibilities to promote diffusion channels between truck manufacture and autoparts in order to generate distinctive and highly institutionalized control structures on the suppliers and, also to redistribute the power of decision to autopart suppliers. / Esta pesquisa compara as estruturas de relacionamento e coordenação na rede de fornecedores de duas montadoras de caminhões instaladas no Brasil. O nível de análise das redes tem se consolidado como uma abordagem adequada para a compreensão do binômio competição/ cooperação que permeia os mercados e as relações entre os atores econômicos. Na análise das redes, pressupõe-se que o ambiente em que as organizações operam é estruturado por vínculos produtivos e tecnológicos, estabelecidos entre empresas e instituições. Dentro do campo da sociologia econômica e da teoria das organizações, há uma crescente preocupação em se compreender como a posição estrutural e o tipo de relacionamento entre os atores econômicos de uma determinada rede influenciam no desempenho e no comportamento estratégico das organizações. Na última década, configura-se uma profunda mudança estrutural do setor automotivo brasileiro, com conseqüências diretas na rede de fornecedores. A conseqüência direta dessa mudança é o conjunto de oportunidades para montadoras e fornecedores de autopeças, a partir do seu novo posicionamento estrutural e relacional dentro do setor automobilístico brasileiro. A questão central a que este trabalho remete é como as diferentes posições estruturais e relacionais dos fornecedores de autopeças na rede automobilística condicionam os níveis de difusão do conhecimento, controle da montadora sobre os fornecedores e suas relações de poder. As conclusões da pesquisa revelam que as relações densas e coesas nos casos estudados têm maiores possibilidades de promover canais de difusão dos conhecimentos técnicos e gerenciais entre montadoras e autopeças, de gerar estruturas de controle dos fornecedores distintas e altamente institucionalizadas e ainda de redistribuir o poder decisório aos fornecedores de autopeças.

Cílem diplomové práce je návrh síťové konfigurační knihovny s důrazem kladeným na přenositelnost mezi operačními systémy na bázi Linuxu a BSD a rozšiřitelnosti podpory knihovny. V druhé kapitole práce zkoumá dostupné konfigurační rozhraní obou operačních systémů. Detailně pak rozebírá vlastnosti rozhraní Netlink socketů, které je primárním konfiguračním rozhraním pro síťové prvky na Linuxu, a systémové volání ioctl, které má na Linuxu menší schopnosti, ale zato je primárně používané na BSD a jiných UNIX systémech. Jsou též zkoumané rozhraní pro konfiguraci rozdílných firewallů. V třetí kapitole je práce zameřená na konkrétní typy síťových zařízení, specifika jejich konfigurace a jejich návaznost na rozhraní jádra popsané v druhé kapitole. V čtvrté kapitole jsou formulovány požadavky na konfigurační knihovnu: jednoduchá rozšiřitelnost, přenositelnost na různé operační systémy, podpora sledování změn a událostí a rozšiřitelnost o různé typy uživatelských rozhraní. Na základě výzkumu z předcházejících dvou kapitol je přednesen návrh knihovny. Návrh definuje konfigurační rozhraní jako hierarchii abstraktních tříd, oddělených od implementace. To umožnuje mít současně několik implementací stejného konfiguračního rozhraní i v rámci jednoho operačního systému. Jako vstupní rozhraní knihovny je definovaná třída LibNCFG, která má na starosti tyto konfigurační objekty vytvořit namísto uživatele. Tímto je dosažená jednoduchá rozšiřitelnost knihovny o nové rozhraní operačních systémů i o podporu konfigurace nových síťových prvků. Podpora pro nové uživatelské rozhraní se dá implementovat jako nová služba, která zabaluje rozhraní knihovny a poskytuje jiná rozhraní. Pro podporu sledování změn poskytuje třída LibNCFG metody pro registraci zpětných volání pro definované události. Ve čtvrté kapitole práce detailně popisuje rozhraní třídy LibNCFG, modulu Common a tříd NetDevice, EthDevice a BondDevice, které definují konfigurační rozhraní příslušných typů síťových zařízení. Pro tyto třídy jsou implementované konkrétní třídy NetlinkNetDevice, NetlinkEthDevice a sysfsBondDevice a popsané jejich implementační detaily. V páté kapitole je popsaná ukázková aplikace, která byla implementovaná pro účely předvedení jednoduchosti použití konfigurační knihovny. Nakonec jsou v závěru shrnuté výsledky práce a je vedena diskuze o možných vylepšeních a o pokračování projektu.

In present day, telecommunications stakeholders have not yet fully automated hardware configurations. Network configuration and reconfiguration is a repetitive, time consuming, and error prone process. To address this problem this bachelor thesis is going to shed light on the benefits of an automated configuration and topology verification process. To this end, a proof of concept system, Enna, has been developed in a case study together with an ISP stakeholder. Enna reads the current network state, applies predetermined configurations loaded from text-files, and automatically verifies the network state. The goals of this thesis are as follows: development of Enna to illustrate the simplicity in the implementation, compare the automated network reconfiguration to a fully manual one, and finally discuss potential benefits or problems in switching to an automated network configuration. Since this thesis is carried out in collaboration with an ISP working with Cisco IOS XR devices, Enna is only tested for basic network protocols common in such environment, the conclusions drawn in this paper are therefore only applicable to such context. / I dagens läge tillämpar inte telekommunikationsintressenter automatiserade processer som standard. Nätverkskonfigurering och omkonfigurering är en repetitiv, tidskrävande och felbenägen process. För att adressera detta problem kommer denna kandidatavhandling belysa fördelarna med en automatisk nätverkskonfiguration och verifieringsprocess. För detta ändamål har ett system, Enna, framtagits som ett bevis på konceptets ändamålsenlighet. Enna läser aktuell nätverksstatus, tillämpar förutbestämda konfigurationer som laddas in från textfiler, och verifierar nätverkstatus automatiskt. Målet för detta examensarbete lyder: utveckling av Enna för att illustreara simplisteten i framtagandet, jämföra en automatisk nätverkskonfiguration med en manuell , och slutligen diskutera fördelar och problem vid byte till en automatiserad närverskonfiguration. Eftersom att detta examensarbete genomförts i samarbete med en ISP som arbetar med Cisco IOS XR-enheter, och Enna endast testats med grundläggande närverksprotokoll vanliga för dessa miljöer, kommer slutsatserna i detta dokument endast vara tillämpbara i dylikt sammanhang.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer un réseau IPv6 constitué de capteurs sans fils autonomes grâce à la récupération d’énergie, fonctionnant à faible rapport cyclique. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un projet industriel, GreenNet, lancé par STMicroelectronics afin de se positionner sur le marché de l’Internet des Objets. La nouvelle plate-forme utilisée dans ce projet se différencie de ses concurrents par sa petite taille, ce qui implique une faible capacité de batterie. Une cellule photovoltaı̈que permet en revanche de recharger la batterie, y compris dans des conditions de luminosité faible. Pour atteindre l’autonomie, nous avons besoin que les nœuds dorment pour de très longues périodes. Par conséquent, les solutions existantes, bien que peu consommantes, ne sont pas complètement adaptées à nos besoins spécifiques.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’analyser les difficultés possiblement rencontrées pendant le développement d’une plate-forme à récupération d’énergie et de bas rapport cyclique. La contribution la plus importante de ce travail est de mettre en œuvre et d’évaluer le rendement de nos solutions sur des plates-formes matérielles dans des conditions très proches de la vie réelle.Une première étape du travail réalisée est la conception et l’implémentation de la norme IEEE 802.15.4 utilisant les balises pour maintenir la synchronisation. Nous choisissons le mode synchronisé car il permet aux nœuds d’atteindre des rapports cycliques aussi bas que 0,01%. La seconde étape est d’apporter le multi saut : nous proposons une optimisation du protocole de routage, ainsi qu’un contrôle d’accès par multiplexagetemporel pour les routeurs et les dispositifs afin d’éliminer les interférences.Nous allons même plus loin dans l’optimisation du temps où les nœuds sont allumés: nous proposons d’éteindre les coordinateurs avant la fin de leur période d’activité définie par le standard, lorsqu’il n’y a pas de communications. Les nœuds qui ne nécessitent pas d’envoyer des données peuvent sauter des balises et se réveiller seulement lorsqu’il est nécessaire de synchroniser les horloges, ou d’envoyer des données. Dans le même temps, nous résolvons le problème de multicast pour les nœuds qui dorment durant de longues périodes, en convertissant ces paquets en paquets unicast. Nous améliorons également le rapport cyclique de routeurs qui n’ont pas de nœuds associés en les forçant envoyer la balise moins souvent, tant qu’ils n’ont pas des nœuds associés.Pour améliorer la performance du réseau, nous proposons aussi une solution rétro compatible qui utilise plusieurs canaux. Un tel système est utile quand un lien entre deux nœuds subit de très mauvaise performance sur un certain canal fréquentiel, mais obtient de meilleurs résultats sur une fréquence différente.Toutes les solutions présentées ci-dessus, et discutées dans la dissertation ont été mises en œuvre et testées sur la plate-forme GreenNet. Nous avons également réalisé des mesures sur des nœuds pour vérifier leurs efficacité. / The goal of the thesis is to enable IPv6 harvested and autonomous wireless sensor networks with very low duty-cycle. It is part of an industrial project, GreenNet, hosted by STMicroelectronics with the goal of being a pioneer in the Internet of Things. The new platform differentiates from its existing competitors by a small size, which implies small battery capacity. However, a photovoltaic cell is capable of recharging the battery even under low light conditions. On top of this, we aim at nodes that sleep for very long periods. Hence, the existing solutions were not completely suited for ourneeds.The thesis proposes to analyze the possible challenges that one can meet while developing a harvested low-duty cycle platform. The most important contribution of this work is that we implement and evaluate the performance of our solutions on real hardware platforms in conditions very close to real-life.In this dissertation, we first of all develop and implement a basic solution based on the IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled standard. We choose the synchronized mode because it allows nodes to reach duty-cycles as low as 0.01%. A more difficult step was to bring multi-hop: we design new a routing scheme inside our network, and a time based access for routers and devices to eliminate interferences as much as possible. The routing scheme is meant to be simple and efficient.We go even further to optimize the total time the nodes are on: we proposed to shut down coordinators before their standardized end of slot when there is no communication. Devices that do not need to send data can skip beacons and only need to wake up to synchronize their clock or to send data. In the same time we solve the problem of multicast for long sleeping nodes by converting these packets into unicast traffic. We also improved the duty-cycle of routers that do no have associated devices by forcing them to beacon slower, as long as they do not have any associated devices.To improve the network performance we also propose a backward compatible multichannel solution. Such a scheme is useful when a link between two nodes achieve very bad performance on a certain channel but better results on a different frequency.All the solutions presented above and discussed in the dissertation were implemented and tested on the GreenNet platform. We also realized measurements of the nodes efficiency while in harvested conditions and showed that it is possible to handle harvested routers, when there is enough available light.

Le travail réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse propose une démarche de sélection de partenaires (fournisseurs et prestataires) dans une chaîne logistique durable en boucle fermée. Il s’agit d’évaluer les partenaires en fonction de critères économiques, environnementaux, et sociétaux puis de sélectionner ceux qui interviennent dans la chaîne logistique en respectant un ensemble des contraintes. Nous développons une méthode d’évaluation et de classement des partenaires basée sur une approche hybride en utilisant les méthodes AHP et PROMETHEE, dans un environnement flou. Ensuite, nous proposons un modèle mathématique multi-objectif qui permet non seulement de minimiser le coût total de la chaîne logistique, mais également de maximiser la valeur totale de l’approvisionnement, minimiser les émissions de gaz à effet de serre et maximiser le bénéfice sociétal. Nous utilisons une approche max-min pondérée pour résoudre le modèle proposé à l’aide de l’outil de modélisation et d’optimisation GAMS. / Reverse logistics network design is a crucial issue in which it is important to take into account the selection of the most appropriate partner with sustainability concerns. This partner can be a supplier or a third-party reverse logistics provider (3PRLP). However, research works that consider reverse logistics (RL) network design, partner selection, and sustainability issues simultaneously are rather limited till now. This research work proposes an integrated sustainable approach for partner selection and closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network configuration, particularly in the case of outsourcing reverse logistics process to third-party provider. We propose a trade-off between sustainability criteria for both supplier and 3PRL provider selection. A multi-objective mixed-integer programming (MILP) model is also proposed to configure CLSC network and to select the best partners. The model minimizes the total cost of sourcing, and the total greenhouse gas emissions, while it maximizes the total value of reverse logistics, and the number of new job opportunities. A numerical example is also presented to illustrate the proposed approach.

Submitted by Erika Cruz (erikakato@globo.com) on 2018-01-12T13:45:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Érika Mayumi Kato Cruz Final.pdf: 3238940 bytes, checksum: 84bdc9eb0f173ba3a93ca437e9f343a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-01-18T10:59:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Érika Mayumi Kato Cruz Final.pdf: 3238940 bytes, checksum: 84bdc9eb0f173ba3a93ca437e9f343a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-18T12:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Érika Mayumi Kato Cruz Final.pdf: 3238940 bytes, checksum: 84bdc9eb0f173ba3a93ca437e9f343a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / A presente tese teve como foco o estudo dos aspectos coevolucionários em redes interorganizacionais de cooperação e sua relação com as configurações e práticas de governança da rede. A literatura sobre coevolução aponta para um entendimento macro do fenômeno nos estudos sobre redes, levantando carências no que tange à análise dos seus microfundamentos, com destaque para as relações intrarede e interfirmas. De forma complementar, verificam-se na literatura de redes oportunidades de pesquisa no que diz respeito à análise dos aspectos sociais que regem os relacionamentos em rede, bem como aos fatores que influenciam o alcance de resultados individuais e coletivos de seus participantes. A tese objetivou, assim, aprofundar o conhecimento sobre dinâmica de redes por meio de estudo de casos múltiplos em Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) no estado de São Paulo e Paraná. O objetivo consistiu em analisar a relação entre a configuração das redes empresariais e de sua governança com a coevolução das empresas participantes e das redes como um todo. Dado o caráter indutivo do estudo, este fez uso da abordagem de construção de teoria por meio de estudo de caso proposta por Eisenhardt (1989). Os resultados apontam para a existência de aspectos coevolucionários nos relacionamentos em rede, com destaque para o compartilhamento de custos, assim como ganhos relativos a troca de conhecimentos e experiências. A configuração da estrutura e das práticas de governança dos arranjos, por fim, influenciam na coevolução na medida em que contribui para a publicização das ações e o alinhamento de interesses dos agentes envolvidos. / This thesis focused on the study of coevolutionary aspects in interorganizational cooperation networks and its relation with the network governance practices and configurations. The literature on coevolution points to a macro understanding of the phenomenon in the studies on networks, raising deficiencies regarding the analysis of its micro-foundations, with emphasis on intrarede and interfirm relations. In a complementary way, the network literature offers research opportunities in the analysis of social aspects that govern network relationships, as well as the factors that influence the achievement of individual and collective results of its participants. The aim of this thesis was to deepen the knowledge about network dynamics through a study of multiple cases in Local Productive Arrangements (APLs) in the states of São Paulo and Paraná. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the configuration of the business networks and their governance with the coevolution of participating companies and the networks as a whole. Given the inductive nature of the study, it made use of the theory-building approach by means of a case study proposed by Eisenhardt (1989). The results point to the existence of coevolutionary aspects in network relationships, with emphasis on cost sharing, as well as gains related to the exchange of knowledge and experiences. The configuration of the structure and governance practices of the arrangements, lastly, influence on coevolution in so far as it contributes to the publicity of actions and the alignment of interests of the involved agents.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 STARK_Felipe_2015.pdf: 2619946 bytes, checksum: 296213b74067cc59aea0beae2cf8f165 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The increase in the municipal and industrial waste generation has caused enviromental and public health problems and as a consequence laws exist to address the issue. In Brazil, with the Federal Law No. 12,350 / 10 about the Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos reverse logistics (RL) of some products has become mandatory, including waste tires. However, RL of waste tires has been structured since environmental government agency resolutions propose treatment for tires disposal incorrectly in the environment and new generation of waste tires. Currently, the reverse network is managed by the tire manufacturers and importers associations, and destinations are commonly used are co-processing in cement kilns, and the recovery of rubber and steel as secondary products, by processes such as scrapping or lamination. Increasing transportation and operation costs in the logistics network make the network design critical for the full compliance with the legal goal. This network design is aligned with a planning that considers the financial issues like the minimization of costs or the maximization of profit, while meets the requirements of environmental government agencies. So it involves key strategic decisions, as the location of facilities and material flows, taking into account many parameters simultaneously. The objective of this study is to propose a model for waste tires reverse logistics considering: (i) flows from the output of the collection points (called ecopontos ) to the destination companies; (ii) the possibility of processes as the sorting of used tires in usable condition or not; (iii) the grinding process as an intermediate phase and for which type of destination the tire would be sent. Still are considered fixed costs for the installation of storage centers, for sorting used tires, and intermediary companies, for grinding and separation of components, in addition to the variable operating costs, transportation and potential revenues generated from the substitution of raw materials or fuel in destination companies. The model is a mixed integer linear problem (MILP) with multiple time periods. Experiments are done with a single and multiple periods, finally were present some sensitivity analysis. Other financial constraints as the annual budget and an approach that includes the carbon footprint (CO2) in the transport and processing are explored. The results showed configurations that meet the goal and have a small profit, indicating that storage centers are preferred in places far from destination points and low demand, while the pre-processing companies have opposite behavior. When using the carbon footprint, it was found that the sorting of used tires gain more importance in the view of reducing emissions, because there is less emission in the reuse or refurbishment compared to the manufacturing of new tires. / O aumento na geração de resíduos urbanos e industriais tem ocasionado problemas de ordem ambiental e de saúde pública, e, como consequência, legislações específicas surgiram para tratar do assunto. No Brasil, a Lei Federal nº 12.350/10, da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, tornou obrigatória a logística reversa (LR) de alguns produtos, entre os quais o pneu usado sem condição de rodagem (inservível). Entratanto, a LR de pneus inservíveis já se apresentava em fase de estruturação, uma vez que resoluções ambientais propunham o tratamento do passivo deixado por anos de descarte incorreto dos pneus no meio ambiente. Atualmente, a rede reversa de pneus é administrada por associações de fabricantes e importadores, e as destinações comumente utilizadas são o coprocessamento, em fornos de cimenteira, e a recuperação da borracha e do aço como subprodutos, por meio de processos como a granulação ou a laminação. Os crescentes custos do transporte terrestre e as proposições de melhorias na rede logística tornam a configuração da rede de logística reversa de pneus como uma proposta para o total cumprimento da meta, alinhados ao planejamento que considere as questões financeiras como a minimização de custos logísticos ou maximização do lucro, enquanto cumprem as exigências dos órgãos ambientais. Esta configuração envolve decisões estratégicas essenciais, como a localização de instalações e determinação dos fluxos de materiais, sendo que muitos parâmetros estão presentes simultaneamente. O objetivo deste estudo é propor um modelo de configuração de rede logística reversa de pneus inservíveis considerando: (i) fluxos a partir da saída dos pontos de coleta (ecopontos) até as empresas destinadoras; (ii) processos como a possibilidade da triagem dos pneus usados em servíveis e inservíveis; (iii) a trituração como fase intermediária e para qual tipo de destinação enviar. São considerados ainda custos fixos para instalação de centros de armazenamento, para triagem dos pneus usados, e empresas intermediárias, para trituração e separação de componentes, além dos custos variáveis de operação, transporte e as possíveis rendas geradas com a substituição da matéria-prima ou combustível nas empresas destinadoras. O modelo apresenta formulação linear inteira mista (MILP) com múltiplos períodos. São feitos experimentos com único período, e com a variação de parâmetros. Posteriormente são estudadas restrições financeiras como orçamento anual e uma abordagem que inclui a pegada de carbono (CO2) no transporte e processamento. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram configurações que cumprem a meta e apresentam um pequeno lucro, indicando que os centros de armazenamento são preferíveis em locais afastados das destinadoras e com baixa demanda, enquanto as empresas intermediárias apresentam comportamento oposto. Quando se utilizou a pegada de carbono, verificou-se que a triagem de pneus ganha mais importância, dada a redução nas emissões do reuso ou reforma dos pneus em relação à fabricação de novos pneus.

<p dir="ltr">Recent advancements in large language models such as ChatGPT and AU Large allow for the effective integration and application of LLMs into network devices such as switches and routers in terms of the ability to play a role in configuration and management. The given devices are an essential part of every network infrastructure, and the nature of physical networking topologies is complex, which leads to the need to ensure optimal network efficiency and security via meticulous and precise configurations.</p><p dir="ltr">The research explores the potential of an AI-driven interface that utilizes AU Large to streamline, enhance, and automate the configuration process of network devices while ensuring that the security of the whole process is guaranteed by running the entire system on-premise. Three core areas are of primary concern in the given study: the effectiveness of integrating the AU Large into network management systems, the impact on efficiency, accuracy, and error rates in network configurations, and the scalability and adaptability to more complex requirements and growing network environments.</p><p dir="ltr">The key performance metrics evaluated are the error rate in the generated configurations, scalability by looking at the performance as more network devices are added, and the ability to generate incredibly complex configurations accurately. The high-level results of the critical performance metrics show an evident correlation between increased device count and increased prompt complexity with a degradation in the performance of the AU Large model from Mistral AI.</p><p dir="ltr">This research has significant potential to alter preset network management practices by applying AI to make network configuration more efficient, reduce the scope for human error, and create an adaptable tool for diverse and complex networking environments. This research contributes to both AI and network management fields by highlighting a path toward the “future of network management.”</p>

The Electric/Electronic architecture of vehicle becomes more complex and costly, self-adaption can reduce the system, enhance the adaptive meanwhile reduce energy consumption and costs. The self-adaption needs the cooperation of both hardware and software reconfigurations, such that after the software is reconfigured the automotive network continues to fulfill the time constraints for time-critical applications. The thesis focuses on the real-time network reconfiguration. It uses EAST-ADL to model a real-time automotive system with timing events and constraints, which conforms to AUTOSAR timing extensions. The network media access is analyzed based on the model and a scheduling algorithm is developed. Then the concept is implemented by a use case, which is transformed from an EAST-ADL model to an executable simulation.

The master’s thesis „Support for instruction in electric fire alarm system” describes principles and engineering solution of electric fire alarm system. It is background for activity task about EPS for students in VUT in Brno. It illustrates how to act on this task and configuration fire panel and components EPS with the support of software FSP 5000. The practice contains proposal EPS with support in fire system designer.