Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Fracaroli.pdf: 677209 bytes, checksum: d30dea0438b67d64e6b23c1a944e0ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-18 / This study aimed to examine whether on the administrative, technological and business reality installing a commercial cluster can generate a competitive advantage for organizations, which through the literature search and multicases was possible to conclude that when it comes to performance, market entry development and production, the creation and development of a commercial cluster becomes like a market strategy every day more in the Brazilian scenario. That was conclusive and exhaustive, random noticing gaps difficulties for greater profitability within a cluster, this excels when the participating organizations are smaller, devoid of preparation for the market, in that the cluster is a commercial real leverage. Compete and cooperate simultaneously making practical the concept of competition strategy that was many national companies have joined for working in the market today are concluding that this is a valid competitive strategy and still very much in vogue and grow in the country / Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar se diante da realidade administrativa, tecnológica e comercial a instalação um cluster comercial pode gerar um diferencial competitivo para as organizações, onde através da pesquisa bibliográfica e de multicasos foi possível concluir que em se tratando de atuação, entrada no mercado, desenvolvimento e produção, a criação e desenvolvimento de um cluster comercial se torna como uma estratégia de mercado a cada dia mais dentro do cenário brasileiro. Isso foi conclusivo, mesmo percebendo lacunas de dificuldades para a lucratividade maior dentro de um cluster, esse se sobressai quando as organizações participantes são menores, desprovidas de preparo para o mercado, no que o cluster comercial é uma verdadeira alavanca. Competir e cooperar simultaneamente tornando prático o conceito de coopetição foi a estratégia que muitas empresas nacionais aderiram para estarem hoje atuantes no mercado concluindo que essa é uma estratégia competitiva valida e ainda muito em voga e a crescer no país

Der Vortrag beschreibt Stand, Entwicklung und Realisierung der Virtualisierungsinfrastruktur am Universitätsrechenzentrum der TU-Chemnitz in Form einer technischen Sicht.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education in the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013 / Teacher education for multigrade education in South Africa is poor, since multigrade teachers and principals involved in multigrade education have not received formal training in this form of education, and therefore lack support. Owing to this lacuna in multigrade pedagogy, and teachers' limited knowledge of such pedagogy, multigrade teachers and principals struggle to interpret subject matter and settle for different ways to present and make it accessible to learners. This has a severe impact on the potential of multigrade schools to play an important role as educational units in underserved rural areas. Research shows that pre-service and in-service training does not enable multigrade teachers and principals to develop a knowledge base within the complexities of the actual classroom situation. Such a knowledge base would enable them to solve the endemic problems of multigrade education, thereby enhancing their task as multigrade teachers and principals. Training can have an impact on trainee teachers, but the successful transfer of this newly acquired knowledge to learners in the classroom is questionable. Owing to the extent of the problem experienced at each level of multigrade education in the educational system in South Africa, chances are slight that support to multigrade teachers and principals will emanate from officials and curriculum advisers. It is clear that the problem of supporting multigrade teachers and principals is substantial and daunting, and that a solution to the problem will lead to significant advances in learning, or at least a significant reduction in malfunction in the multigrade educational system. Therefore, bridging the gap between newly-acquired teacher competence and teachers' performance in the classroom is a major concern for the future. This research aims to understand the dilemmas and address the shortcomings as teachers implement new practices within classrooms. There needs to be a transitional process through which multigrade teachers and principals move as they gradually learn, come to understand, and become skilled and competent in novel ways of education. This research introduces a Professional Learning Community (PLC) as a model of support and guidance to multigrade teachers and principals, bridging the gap between knowledge acquired at a workshop, and concomitant support and guidance, in order to understand and address the dilemmas that emerge as they implement new practices within multigrade classrooms. This research employs a design research approach to determine design guidelines and principles to facilitate the process of supporting and guiding multigrade teachers and principals, working together as a network cluster for collective learning and its implementation. The research process in design research encompasses educational design processes and is therefore cyclical in character: analysis, design, evaluation and revision activities are iterated until a satisfying balance between ideals ('the intended') and realisation has been achieved. To develop solutions for this research, a prototyping approach was employed towards a final deliverable. The Prototyping Phase in this research comprised three cycles, and focused during the evolutionary prototyping process on elaborating on the components of the possible support system to multigrade teachers and principals. It was envisaged that this would concretise the situation, and obviate problems before implementation in the day-to-day user setting. Formative evaluation was applied in order to uncover shortcomings during the development process, in order to generate suggestions for improvement. The results of the evaluation of each preceding prototype were used in the development of the next prototype. Design research is an effective method of developing various prototypes in collaboration with multigrade teachers and principals to ensure contextual appropriateness of what works at a given time, as well as solutions to the specific problems of multigrade teachers and principals in South Africa. Keywords: Design research, Educational design processes, Educational design research, Multigrade, Multigrade pedagogy, Network cluster, Professional Learning Community, Support system.

[...] Mes travaux portent sur les clusters structurant le réseau et l'innovation car 1) le cluster impacte collectivement plutôt qu’individuellement la sortie du réseau, 2) les couplages intra et inter-cluster représentent la structure même des clusters mais ils influencent différemment l'innovation ou la croissance du cluster, 3) un certain compromis reste à définir entre la structure dense et éparse des différents réseaux. Un cluster est de façon générale défini comme un groupe de choses similaires ou de personnes qui travaillent sur des sujets analogues. Selon le domaine auquel il s’applique, même si l’idée reste la même, la définition s’affine. En sciences des organisations, un cluster représente un regroupement d’entreprises et d’institutions qui interagissent entre-elles par le biais de contrats, d’opérations formelles ou informelles et de réunions occasionnelles afin de contribuer collectivement à un résultat innovant. [...] La thèse est structurée comme suit. Dans l'introduction générale, nous passons en revue la littérature des connaissances existantes qui sert de base pour le cadre conceptuel des documents. Nous définissons ensuite certains concepts utilisés dans les trois articles présentés tels que la structure de réseau complexe (utilisée dans le premier article), l'innovation et les liens de réseau (utilisés principalement dans le deuxième article), et la gestion des connaissances utilisées (dans le troisième article). Dans le premier article, nous discutons les différents mécanismes de formation de liens dictés par les réseaux dirigés permettant de distinguer la distribution des degrés. Dans le deuxième article, nous abordons l'impact de la dynamique de groupe sur l'innovation du groupe de projet OSS. Dans le troisième article, nous nous attachons à l'impact du transfert des connaissances à l'intérieur des groupes sur le transfert des connaissances entre les groupes. L'annexe A permettra de discuter la modélisation analytique de la croissance des réseaux sociaux en utilisant la projection de réseaux multicouches ; l'annexe B sera l’occasion de présenter statistiquement le lien entre les relations intragroupe et les relations intergroupe. / [...] However, there is a gap in the literature with regard to the analysis of cluster or group structure as an input and cluster or group innovation as an output, e.g. “impact of network cluster structure on cluster innovation and growth”, i.e. how intra- and inter-cluster coupling, structural holes and tie strength impact cluster innovation and growth; and how intra-cluster density affects inter-cluster coupling; that I address in my thesis.Therefore, I focus on the cluster (or group of individuals) rather than the individual to analyze both network structure and innovation, because 1) clusters represent collective impact on network output rather than individuals’ impact, 2) intra and inter cluster couplings both represent cluster structure but have different impacts on cluster innovation and growth, 3) trade-offs among dense and sparse network cluster structures are different from those associated with networks of individuals. [...] The thesis is structured as follows. In the general introduction, I review the literature of existing knowledge in the field, which serves as a basis for the conceptual framework for the papers. I then define certain concepts used in the papers, such as complex network structure used in the first paper, innovation and network ties mainly used in the second paper, and knowledge management used in the third paper. In the first paper I discuss directed networks’ different link formation mechanisms causing degree distribution distinction. In the second paper, I discuss the impact of group dynamics on OSS project group innovation. In the third paper, I discuss impact of knowledge transfer inside groups onto knowledge transfer between groups. In appendix A, I discuss analytical modeling of social network growth using multilayer network projection; and in appendix B, I discuss statistically how intragroup ties and intergroup ties are related.