<p>Introduction: Each year thousands of micro firms are established in Sweden, not all firms will survive and grow; instead many will be forced out of business. Possible explanations of this phenomena could lie in the personality of the entrepreneur, the network of the micro firm as well as support from society and so on.</p><p>Problem: Prior research has showed that networks and networking are important for the establishment, development and growth of micro firms. The majority of prior research has been of a quantitative nature, which has resulted in great knowledge about structural dimensions while less is known about the interactional dimensions. It is because of the lack of qualitative knowledge that little is known about interactional dimensions in networks and networking activities.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the role of networks and networking activities for micro firms.</p><p>Method: The research has the character of a qualitative case study. Data gathering has been done through six in-depth interviews with the founder or manager of six micro firms located in the facilities of Science Park in Jönköping. All information obtained from the interviews were transcribed and then analysed with a model developed by O’Donnell (2004).</p><p>Summary of analysis: The role of networks and networking activities for micro firms are of great importance for generating business. Our analysis show that many of the micro firms are proactive towards their customers while their relationship with suppliers and competitors varies in characteristics.</p>

The UNESCO World heritage inscription has become popular with 1000+ sites nowadays, when it was introduced after the Second World War in order to protect significant areas such as landscapes and buildings. The popularity is visible in terms of touristic benefits and shows an attractive feature for the designated site, transforming the World Heritage label into a brand. However, this research finds the World Heritage brand is becoming weak in its ability to attract tourists which is in contrast with prevailing views found in preceding studies. The point of departure of this research is the situation on World Heritage Southern Öland what has influenced the scope of research focusing mainly on Nordic perspectives (Sweden, Denmark and Germany). The purpose of this paper is to call for improved stakeholder management at World Heritage sites to improve the brand and analyses the situation and practices in Sweden, Denmark and to a very limited extent, Germany. The research is based on theoretical stakeholder framework and cross-case analysis based on two case studies done in Denmark and Sweden employing data collection by interviews and questionnaires. It describes the stakeholder management and networking as contributors to the branding of the World Heritage sites. This paper shows various limitations of using the World Heritage brand and how World Heritage sites may attempt to strengthen themselves by creating a common network as well as using it as a local destination brand for commercial purpose.

According to Nicole B. Ellison and Danah M. Boyd in their article on “Social network sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship”, they defined Social Networking Sites as “Web-based services that allow individuals to (1) Construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) Articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) View and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system”( 2007). In other words, Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are websites that are designed to simplify communication between users who share similar activities, attitudes and interests. Today the growth and role of social networking sites has become an issue not only for the users themselves but also for scholars and industrial researchers. My aim in this research will be to explore Social Networking Sites in general. The concept of Social Networking Sites is very broad; therefore my main study will be dealing primarily with how privacy and restrictions plays a role in identity management with reference to Facebook.

Using Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development and Higgins’s self discrepancy theory, this report provides a framework for understanding adolescents’ use of social networking websites and the implications of such use for their identity development and subsequent well-being. Suggestions for working with adolescents and future research are outlined. / text

This thesis takes as its objective quantifying, comparing, and optimizing multiple-antenna (MIMO) physical layer techniques in dense ad hoc wireless networks. A framework is developed from the spatial shot noise interference model for packet radio network analysis. The framework captures the behavior of a wide variety of signal and interference distributions, which permit inspection of a number of signal processing methods including representatives from most of the major MIMO techniques. Multi-antenna systems for point-to-point are becoming mature and being developed and deployed in many wireless communication systems due to their potential to combat fading, increase spectral efficiency, and overcome interference. The framework permits an algorithm or system designer to view the network from the perspective of a typical user, to optimize performance in the midst of a given environment, or to view the network as a whole, to determine behavior that maximizes network performance. In particular, it enables questions to be answered quantitatively, such as which MIMO techniques perform best in a given environment? Or what rate and power settings should be used across the available spatial modes? Or what is the maximum benefit of channel state information? Or what gain should an individual device, or the network as a whole expect to see given a particular physical layer strategy? The dissertation begins by developing the framework for a generic set of assumptions on network behavior and signal and interference distributions. It then presents a progression of applications to representative MIMO techniques. Broad and intuitive scaling laws are developed as well as detailed exact results for careful comparison. Capacity scaling with the number of antennas is given for systems employing beamforming, selection combining, space-time block coding, and spatial multiplexing. These applications are used as the basis for developing simple distributed algorithms for optimizing MIMO settings with QoS constraints and in heterogeneous networks. Lastly, the framework is expanded to permit comparison and optimization of MIMO performance under alternative medium access strategies. In general it is found that significant performance gains can be reaped with multi-antenna physical layers, provided the proper techniques are employed. It is also shown that the availability of multiple spatial channels impacts the inherent tradeoff between per-link throughput and spatial reuse. / text

This study investigated why and how students, who enrolled in fully-online distance course, participated in online activities external to the formal online course (OAEOC) at any point during or after the online course. For this research, OAEOC is defined as any activity pursued by students within an online environment during or after the course that does not take place within their teacher-sponsored online course “home” (such as a Moodle or Blackboard). This research occurred within a fully-online, five-week course that trained journalists in digital tools. Data included: (a) 144 researcher-generated interpretive memos based on activities within the course’s online discussion forums and student chats and (b) 11 student interviews. Results showed that student interactions in course discussion forums were critically important for developing connections between students, which in turn, supported the initiation of online activities external to the online course. During the course, students posted information about their online identities and created a Facebook group and Twitter list, which facilitated online activities external to the course. Data from interviews showed that those students participating in OAEOC did so for social reasons and to continue conversing with classmates. Students who did not participate in OAEOCs indicated work schedule conflicts, lack of interest, and unawareness of the OAEOCs prevented their participation. During the course, OAEOC participants discussed topics related to the course content. However, once the course concluded, OAEOC participants started discussing more personal and professional topics. The phenomenon studied is new to online distance education and holds the potential to extend the online course experience and support lifelong learning. / text

For the first time in history one billion subscribers are creating records using a single software platform: Facebook. Subscribers create historically significant Facebook records every day, yet there is no concerted effort to preserve these records. Archivists do not agree on whether or how these records will continue to exist, nor do they agree on the best way to preserve these records. At the same time, privacy advocates are concerned that social networking records will continue to exist "forever" and therefore have serious privacy implications. In this study I examine the seemingly opposing viewpoints of privacy scholars and archivists. I find that privacy scholars are concerned that the lack of subscriber control over social networking records threatens privacy over time. Archivists address this lack of control through the concepts of donor agreements and the trusted digital repository, but the application of these concepts to the long-term preservation of Facebook records depends on who will preserve these records. I explore four different ways Facebook records may be preserved. I examine whether the U.S. federal government can and should play a role in encouraging Facebook to preserve records. I find that the U.S. federal government is unlikely to take action. I take a first step in empirically examining the likelihood that individual Facebook subscribers will preserve their own records using both an online survey (n = 144) and focus group to ask Facebook subscribers what they expect to happen to their Facebook records. I find that Facebook subscribers do not trust Facebook, do not think about preservation when they use Facebook, and do not expect their Facebook records to exist forever. This research makes four contributions to existing literature: a discussion of the value of social networking records and whether they should be preserved, a close examination of the differing opinions of archivists and privacy scholars about these records, a discussion of the role public policy might play in the preservation of Facebook records and privacy in the United States, and an empirical exploration of the attitudes and behaviors of a small group of Facebook subscribers related to preservation and privacy. / text

How do we mourn the dead and proceed with our lives when the dead do not absent themselves from our everyday world, but remain integrated into our community of friends on social networking sites? This paper explores the changes occurring in the ways in which we experience online the deaths of our loved ones, namely, a collapse between public and private modes of grief. The changes under examination include the changing perception of death, identity creation and ownership, the role of the bereaved, theoretical/therapeutic approaches to grieving, the function of ritual, and commemoration of the dead. Questions this paper addresses include: to whom do the dead belong? Does death become banal when it is incorporated into everyday life? How can a ritual reflect a passage from one state of being to another when you are part of a system that does not recognize a change in status? / text

The increasing popularity of sites like Facebook causes content providers to reassess how and where to provide their information in order to reach the most users through user interaction with content. As such, news providers are building content not only to be online specific, but also to be Facebook specific. This study investigates the communication framework that exists when people interact on Facebook to express approval or disapproval on posted topics. Moreover, it studies what codes and conventions presented in Facebook site architecture shape user reaction on specific topics. Lastly, this study investigates the connection between user reaction on topics and the rated level of closeness of respondents and their Facebook friends. / text

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the potential utility of online social networking in enhancing participation in, and maintenance of, a university-based exercise program through the provision of social support. Ninety-one employees previously enrolled in an exercise program were surveyed. Participants were asked about their online social networking habits and their opinions on the possible use of online social networks to increase social support for and adherence to an exercise program. Respondents already belonging to a social networking site (SNS) (79%) were optimistic about the utility, particularly after their exercise program, while those who do not belong to an SNS were less positive. The findings imply that using online social networking to add social support both during and after an exercise program could be effective. / text