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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Tobacco smoking, vascular reaction and neutrophil activity in periodontal health and disease /

Persson, Lena, January 2003 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
102

Membrane proteins in human neutrophils : identification and characterization of lipid rafts in subcellular organelles /

Feuk-Lagerstedt, Elisabeth, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
103

The immunopathogenesis of clostridium piliforme evaluated in a murine model /

Van Andel, Roger A. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1997. / "December 1997." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-109). Also available on the Internet.
104

The immunopathogenesis of clostridium piliforme evaluated in a murine model

Van Andel, Roger A. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 100-109). Also available on the Internet.
105

Concentração e atividade sérica da mieloperoxidase em indivíduos tabagistas

Martins, André Bittencourt [UNESP] 29 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_ab_me_arafcf.pdf: 992180 bytes, checksum: 3281d39ebadb109f527844b299d91644 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Níveis séricos elevados de mieloperoxidase (MPO) estão associados com disfunção endotelial e risco aumentado de acidente cárdio-vascular. Há muito tempo se sabe que o hábito do tabagismo é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares.Uma vez que o infarto do miocárdio está associado também com leucocitose neutrofílica, e fumantes apresentam neutrofilia, nós hipotetizamos que o nível sérico de MPO em fumantes também poderia estar elevado. O estudo incluiu quarenta adultos voluntários e saudáveis. O grupo controle foi composto por vinte indivíduos não tabagistas e o grupo de estudo por vinte indivíduos tabagistas. Hemograma, Interleucina 8 (CXIL8) sérica e MPO sérica foram determinados. Encontramos contagens de neutrófilos e monócitos aumentados (p<0,05) e o nível sérico de interleucina-8 (CXIL8) foi cerca de quatro vezes maior em fumantes quando comparados a não fumantes (p<0,05). O nível sérico de MPO foi também significativamente superior (p<0,05) nos indivíduos fumantes. Este último resultado se correlaciona perfeitamente com a neutrofilia e o aumento da CXIL8 (potente quimioatrator e ativador de neutrófilos), que caracterizam indivíduos fumantes. Propõe-se que esta alta concentração sérica de MPO possa estar diretamente envolvida com a alta prevalência de doenças coronarianas arteriais entre tabagistas / Elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) serum levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cigarrete smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Since myocardial infarctation is associated with leucocytosis and smokers present increased levels of neutrophils, here we hypothesized that levels of serum MPO in smokers subjects could be also elevated. The study included forty adult healthy volunteers. The control group consisted of twenty non-smokers and the study group was twenty smoker subjects. The hemogram, interleukin-8 (CXIL8) and MPO serum levels were mensured. We found that neutrophil and monocytes counts are increased (p<0,05) and the serum level of interleukin-8 (CXIL8) was about 4-fold higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0,05).The level of MPO was also higher among the group of tabagists (p<0,05). This result correlated perfectly with the increased in neutrophil counts and CXIL-8 serum level (a potent neutrophil chemo-attractant and activator), which characterize smoking subjects. We propose that the high level of serum MPO could be directly involved in the higher prevalence of coronary artery diseases among smokers
106

Concentração e atividade sérica da mieloperoxidase em indivíduos tabagistas /

Martins, André Bittencourt. January 2010 (has links)
Resumo: Níveis séricos elevados de mieloperoxidase (MPO) estão associados com disfunção endotelial e risco aumentado de acidente cárdio-vascular. Há muito tempo se sabe que o hábito do tabagismo é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares.Uma vez que o infarto do miocárdio está associado também com leucocitose neutrofílica, e fumantes apresentam neutrofilia, nós hipotetizamos que o nível sérico de MPO em fumantes também poderia estar elevado. O estudo incluiu quarenta adultos voluntários e saudáveis. O grupo controle foi composto por vinte indivíduos não tabagistas e o grupo de estudo por vinte indivíduos tabagistas. Hemograma, Interleucina 8 (CXIL8) sérica e MPO sérica foram determinados. Encontramos contagens de neutrófilos e monócitos aumentados (p<0,05) e o nível sérico de interleucina-8 (CXIL8) foi cerca de quatro vezes maior em fumantes quando comparados a não fumantes (p<0,05). O nível sérico de MPO foi também significativamente superior (p<0,05) nos indivíduos fumantes. Este último resultado se correlaciona perfeitamente com a neutrofilia e o aumento da CXIL8 (potente quimioatrator e ativador de neutrófilos), que caracterizam indivíduos fumantes. Propõe-se que esta alta concentração sérica de MPO possa estar diretamente envolvida com a alta prevalência de doenças coronarianas arteriais entre tabagistas / Abstract: Elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) serum levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cigarrete smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Since myocardial infarctation is associated with leucocytosis and smokers present increased levels of neutrophils, here we hypothesized that levels of serum MPO in smokers subjects could be also elevated. The study included forty adult healthy volunteers. The control group consisted of twenty non-smokers and the study group was twenty smoker subjects. The hemogram, interleukin-8 (CXIL8) and MPO serum levels were mensured. We found that neutrophil and monocytes counts are increased (p<0,05) and the serum level of interleukin-8 (CXIL8) was about 4-fold higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0,05).The level of MPO was also higher among the group of tabagists (p<0,05). This result correlated perfectly with the increased in neutrophil counts and CXIL-8 serum level (a potent neutrophil chemo-attractant and activator), which characterize smoking subjects. We propose that the high level of serum MPO could be directly involved in the higher prevalence of coronary artery diseases among smokers / Orientador: Luiz Marcos da Fonseca / Coorientador: Valdecir Ximenes Farias / Banca: Christiane Pienna Soares / Banca: Marcelo Nalin / Mestre
107

CaracterizaÃÃo in vivo e in vitro da resposta inflamatÃria aguda induzida por uma fraÃÃo proteica isolada do lÃtex de Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br

Alana Fonteles Lima Rabelo 09 June 2014 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Calotropis procera à uma planta laticÃfera pertencente à famÃlia Apocynaceae, encontrada na Ãsia, Ãfrica e AmÃrica do Sul. Seu lÃtex à constituÃdo por um grande nÃmero de molÃculas bioativas que apresentam relevantes propriedades farmacolÃgicas que inclui anti- e prÃ-inflamatÃria, antitumoral, cicatrizante, antimicrobiana, entre outras. As proteÃnas extraÃdas deste lÃtex possuem mÃltiplos efeitos imunomodulatÃrios, dependendo da via de administraÃÃo utilizada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a resposta prÃ-inflamatÃria da fraÃÃo proteica (PL) do lÃtex de Calotropis procera nos modelos de peritonite e bolsa de ar subcutÃnea; investigando a quimiotaxia de neutrÃfilos (in vivo e in vitro); o papel das cÃlulas residentes e os mediadores envolvidos. Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss (25-30 g). Verificou-se que PL induziu migraÃÃo de neutrÃfilos (MN) de forma dose-e-tempo dependente nos modelos de peritonite e bolsa de ar subcutÃnea. Foi demonstrado um aumento na permeabilidade vascular induzido pela administraÃÃo da PL (1 mg/cav) na cavidade peritoneal no modelo de Azul de Evans. O aumento na populaÃÃo de macrÃfagos residentes pelo prÃ-tratamento com tioglicolato, intensificou a MN induzida por PL, sendo observado um resultado semelhante com o grupo depletado de mastÃcitos pelo composto 48/80. Os mastÃcitos parecem exercer um papel modulador inibitÃrio sobre a quimiotaxia de neutrÃfilos, enquanto os macrÃfagos potencializam a MN, possivelmente por meio da liberaÃÃo de mediadores. Para investigaÃÃo dos mediadores envolvidos foram utilizados fÃrmacos bloqueadores especÃficos antes da administraÃÃo da PL. A modulaÃÃo farmacolÃgica com Dexametasona (0,5 mg/kg, s.c.), Pentoxifilina (100 mg/kg, s.c.), Talidomida (50 mg/kg, s.c.), Indometacina (3 mg/kg, s.c.) e Celecoxib (30 mg/kg, s.c.), mas nÃo com Meclizina (40 mg/kg, s.c.) e PCA (10 mg/kg; s.c.), inibiram a MN induzida por PL. Foi verificado por ELISA que os nÃveis dos mediadores IL-1 e IL-6 estavam aumentados no fluido peritoneal 4 h apÃs a administraÃÃo de PL (1 mg/cav, i.p.). Os nÃveis de nitrito tambÃm estavam aumentados no fluido da bolsa de ar subcutÃnea, demonstrando um envolvimento do Ãxido nÃtrico (NO) no efeito prÃ-inflamatÃrio da PL. A PL induziu rolamento e adesÃo de leucÃcitos ao endotÃlio vascular do mesentÃrio de camundongos, bem como quimiotaxia de neutrÃfilos in vitro. AlÃm disso, foi capaz de interagir diretamente com neutrÃfilos, induzindo a sÃntese dos mediadores prÃ-inflamatÃrios TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, PGE2 e NO em cultura de neutrÃfilos. Em conclusÃo, PL induz uma resposta inflamatÃria aguda, caracterizada pela intensa migraÃÃo de neutrÃfilos e aumento da permeabilidade vascular. Promove quimiotaxia para neutrÃfilos de forma indireta, via macrÃfagos residentes, e de forma direta, interagindo com neutrÃfilos, induzindo rolamento e adesÃo no endotÃlio e liberaÃÃo de mediadores prÃ-inflamatÃrios. / Calotropis procera is a laticiferous plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae, found in Asia, Africa and South America. Its latex is comprised of a large number of bioactive molecules that show significant pharmacological properties including anti- and pro- inflammatory, antitumor, healing, antimicrobial, among others. The proteins extracted from this latex have multiple immunomodulatory effects, depending on the route of administration utilized. The objective of this study was to characterize the pro- inflammatory response of protein fraction PL latex Calotropis procera in models of peritonitis and subcutaneous air pouch; neutrophil chemotaxis (in vivo and in vitro); the role of resident cells and mediators involved. Swiss mice were used (25-30 g). It was found that PL induced neutrophil migration (MN) in a dose- and time - dependent in models of peritonitis and subcutaneous air pouch. An increase in vascular permeability induced by the administration of PL (1 mg / cav) in the peritoneal cavity in the Evans blue model was demonstrated. The increase in the population of resident macrophages after pre-treatment with thioglycolate intensified the MN induced by PL, with the similar result observed with the mast cell -depleted group by compound 48/80. Mast cells appear to exert an inhibitory modulatory role on neutrophil chemotaxis, whereas macrophages potentiate the MN, possibly through the release of mediators. For investigation of involved mediators, blocking drugs were used before administration of the PL. Pharmacological modulation Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg , s.c.), Pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg , s.c.), Thalidomide (50 mg/kg , s.c.), Indomethacin (3 mg/kg , s.c.) and Celecoxib (30 mg/kg , s.c.), but not with Meclizine (40 mg/kg , s.c.) and PCA (10 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited the MN induced by PL. It was verified by ELISA, that levels of mediators IL-1 and IL-6 were elevated in the peritoneal fluid 4 hours after administration of PL (1 mg/cav, i.p.). The nitrite levels were also higher in the subcutaneous air pouch fluid, demonstrating the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the pro-inflammatory effects of LP. PL induced rolling and adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium of mesenteric mice and neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. Furthermore, it can directly interact with neutrophils by inducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-&#945;, IL- 1&#946;, PGE2 and NO in neutrophilâs culture. In conclusion, PL induces an acute inflammatory response characterized by intense neutrophil migration and increase of vascular permeability. Promotes neutrophil chemotaxis indirectly, via resident macrophages and directly interacting with neutrophils, inducing rolling and adhesion to the endothelium and release of pro-inflammatory mediators.
108

Efeitos da meta-clorofenilpiperazina (mCPP) sobre mecanismo da mobilização leucocitária: estudos in vivo e in vitro / Effects of the meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) over the leukocyte mobilization mechanisms: in vivo and in vitro studies

Lara Lombardi 27 June 2012 (has links)
A meta-clorofenilpiperazina (1-(3-clorofenil)piperazina; mCPP) é uma piperazina sintética que vem sendo apreendida de forma crescente no mercado de drogas ilícitas, primeiro na Europa e, a partir de 2006, também no Brasil. Recentemente há relatos de aumento significativo da apreensão de comprimidos vendidos como ecstasy e que na realidade contêm mCPP, porém estudos sobre potenciais riscos dessa utilização à saúde ainda são escassos. O papel da mCPP como agonista de receptores serotoninérgicos já está bem descrito na literatura, razão pela qual esta substância é amplamente empregada em trabalhos científicos, principalmente psiquiátricos. No entanto, poucos são os trabalhos realizados com o intuito de investigar mais profundamente as ações desencadeadas no organismo pela substância em si. É sabido que a serotonina é um neurotransmissor liberado por plaquetas no local de inflamação e que exerce papel imunomodulatório importante sobre as células imune Assim, considerando (1) a relevância atual da mCPP no contexto de apreensão de drogas de abuso, (2) a necessidade de estudos sobre efeitos das drogas de abuso no organismo, (3) escassez de avaliações dos efeitos da mCPP sobre o sistema imunológico e (4) sua provável correlação com este sistema a partir de suas ações em receptores serotoninérgicos, o presente trabalho pretendeu iniciar investigações acerca da atividade da mCPP sobre as respostas imune inatas e sobre os mecanismos da mobilização leucocitária. Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos foram tratados com mCPP (1mg/kg, v.o.) e foram realizadas quantificações de leucócitos na medula óssea, no compartimento circulante e no foco inflamatório (peritônio), em presença ou ausência de estímulo inflamatório (LPS, 1 mg/mL, i.p.), como também da mieloperoxidase presente em tecido hepático, pulmonar e do baço. Complementando os estudos in vivo, ainda foi quantificada a cortisona plasmática em animais que receberam tal tratamento tendo seus receptores de glicocorticoides previamente antagonizados (RU38486). Neutrófilos coletados do exsudato peritoneal foram incubados nas concentrações de 10 &#181;M, 100 &#181;M e 1000 &#181;M in vitro e investigados a migração neutrofílica, a expressão das moléculas de adesão na superfície neutrofílica, a quantificação de mediadores inflamatórios no sobrenadante de cultura de neutrófilos e o processo de adesão neutrófilo-endotélio, com células endoteliais coletados a partir do cremáster. Os resultados demonstram que a mCPP diminuiu a quantificação de leucócitos no exsudato peritoneal e, concomitantemente, aumentou o influxo de PMN para o tecido pulmonar, em vigência de estímulo inflamatório. Ainda, in vivo, não foi possível observar diferenças na concentração de cortisona sérica entre animais cujos receptores de glicocorticóides foram antagonizados e aqueles cujos receptores em questão encontravam-se normais. In vitro, a mCPP, nas três concentrações empregadas, e tanto na vigência quanto na ausência de estímulo (LPS ou fMLP), causou alterações na migração dos neutrófilos, na adesão deste tipo celular ao endotélio, na expressão de moléculas de adesão (Lselectina, &#946;2-integrina e PECAM-1) na superfície neutrofílica e na quantificação das concentrações de mediadores inflamatórios (NO, IL-1&#946;, IL-10, TNF-&#945;) no sobrenadante de cultura de neutrófilos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem, em conjunto, que a mCPP exerce atividade pró-inflamatória no que se refere à atividade neutrofílica, bem como sugerem que o fármaco seja capaz de amplificar a resposta inflamatória em modelo animal de rato, tanto in vivo quanto in vitro. / The meta-chlorophenylpiperazine is a synthetic piperazine which has been seized increasingly in the illicit drug market, primarily in Europe and after 2006, in Brazil. Recently, there has been a significant increase on the apprehension of tablets sold as ecstasy but that in reality contain mCPP. Despite its importance, studies over its potential health risks are few. The mCPP role as serotonergic receptor agonist is well known in the literature, reason why this substance is widely employed in scientific research, particularly in psychiatric studies. But there are few reports that aim to investigate thoroughly the actions that this substance triggers in the organisms. It is also known that serotonin is a neurotransmitter released by platelets at the site of inflammation and plays important immunomodulatory role on immune cells. Therefore, considering (1) the relevance of mCPP in the drug abuse context nowadays, (2) the necessity of researching the effects of the drug abuse in the organisms, (3) the lack of studies containing analysis of the mCPP effects over the immune system and (4) the probable correlation between mCPP and this system, through its activity in serotoninergic receptors, this report intended to lead investigations about the mCPP activity over the innate immune response and over the leukocyte mobilization mechanisms. For this purpose, Wistar male rats were treated with mCPP (1mg/kg, v.o.), their leukocytes were measured in the bone marrow, in the circulating compartment and in the inflammatory foci (peritoneum) in the presence or absence of inflammatory stimuli (LPS, 1 mg/mL, i.p.) and the myeloperoxidase present in liver tissue, lung and spleen was also quantified. In addition to in vivo studies, the cortisone plasma was quantified in animals receiving such treatment with glucocorticoid receptors antagonized previously (RU38486). Neutrophils collected from the peritoneal exudate were incubated at concentrations of 10 mM, 100 mM and 1000 mM in vitro. It was then investigated the neutrophil migration and the expression of adhesion molecules on the surface of neutrophils as well as the quantification of inflammatory mediators in the culture supernatant. The process of neutrophil-neutrophil adhesion to endothelium was also analyzed and endothelial cells were collected from the cremaster. Results reflect that mCPP decreased the amount of leukocytes at the peritoneal exudate and, concomitantly, increased the influx of PMN into the lung tissue during an inflammatory stimulus. Also, in vivo, it was possible to observe differences in the concentration of serum from animals which cortisone glucocorticoid receptors were previously antagonized and those in which the receptors in question were normal. In vitro, mCPP in three concentrations employed, and both in the presence or absence of stimulus (LPS or fMLP) caused changes in the migration of neutrophils, in the cell adhesion to the endothelium, in the expression of adhesion molecules (L-selectin, integrin-&#946;2 and PECAM-1), on the surface of neutrophils and in the concentrations of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-1&#946;, IL-10, TNF-&#945;) in the culture supernatant of neutrophils. The results suggest that, together, mCPP exerts pro-inflammatory activity with respect to neutrophil activity. They also suggest that the drug is able to amplify the inflammatory response in an animal model rat both in vivo and in vitro.
109

The Lung Responds to Zymosan in a Unique Manner Independent of Toll-Like Receptors, Complement, and Dectin-1

Kelly, Margaret, McNagny, Kelly, Williams, David L., Van Rooijen, Nico, Maxwell, Lori, Gwozd, Carol, Mody, Christopher H., Kubes, Paul 01 February 2008 (has links)
In vitro studies indicate that the inflammatory response to zymosan, a fungal wall preparation, is dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and that this response is enhanced by the dectin-1 receptor. Complement may also play an important role in this inflammatory response. However, the relevance of these molecules within the in vivo pulmonary environment remains unknown. To examine pulmonary in vivo inflammatory responses of the lung to zymosan, zymosan was administered by intratracheal aerosolization to C57BL/6, TLR2- TLR4-, MyD88-, and complement-deficient mice. Outcomes included bronchoalveolar fluid cell counts. We next examined effects of dectin-1 inhibition on response to zymosan in alveolar macrophages in vitro and in lungs of C57BL/6, TLR2-, and complement-deficient mice. Finally, the effect of alveolar macrophage depletion on in vivo pulmonary responses was assessed. Marked zymosan-induced neutrophil responses were unaltered in TLR2-deficient mice despite a TLR2-dependent response seen with synthetic TLR2 agonists. TLR4, MyD88, and complement activation were not required for the inflammatory response to zymosan. Although dectin-1 receptor inhibition blocked the inflammatory response of alveolar macrophages to zymosan in vitro, in vivo pulmonary leukocyte recruitment was not altered even in the absence of TLR2 or complement. Depletion of alveolar macrophages did not affect the response to zymosan. Neither complement, macrophages, nor TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and/or dectin-1 receptors were involved in the pulmonary in vivo inflammatory response to zymosan.
110

COMPARISON OF THE PROCOAGULANT AND IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES OF NUCLEAR, MITOCHONDRIAL, AND BACTERIAL DNA WITH RELEVANCE TO SEPSIS / NUCLEAR, MITOCHONDRIAL, AND BACTERIAL DNA IN SEPSIS

Bhagirath, Vinai Chander January 2015 (has links)
Objective – Sepsis is a syndrome in which infection triggers a systemic inflammatory and procoagulant response. Cell-free DNA (CFDNA) is elevated in sepsis, and correlates with mortality. This DNA may come from nuclear, mitochondrial, or bacterial sources. CpG motifs on bacterial and mitochondrial DNA can stimulate inflammatory responses via TLR9. CFDNA can activate coagulation via the contact pathway. CFDNA may thus play an important pathogenic role in sepsis. This study elucidates the relative effects of nuclear, mitochondrial, and bacterial DNA on inflammatory and pro-coagulant pathways with relevance to sepsis. Results – Mitochondrial DNA as well as nuclear DNA are elevated in plasma from septic patients compared to healthy controls. Bacterial, but not mitochondrial or nuclear, DNA increased neutrophil IL-6 secretion. Both mitochondrial and bacterial DNA increased neutrophil viability. Nuclear, mitochondrial, and bacterial DNA increased thrombin generation in both platelet-poor plasma and platelet-rich plasma to a similar degree. This effect was reduced by addition of corn-trypsin inhibitor and in FXII-depleted plasma, and abolished in FXI-depleted plasma, indicating dependence on the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Independently of coagulation, DNA from all three sources was capable of causing activation of platelet integrin αIIbβ3. Conclusions – CFDNA from nuclear, mitochondrial, and bacterial sources have varying pro-inflammatory effects, although all three have similar pro-coagulant potential. The pathophysiological effects of CFDNA in sepsis may vary with the source of DNA. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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