O gênero Drosera (Droseraceae) compreende cerca de 200 espécies, 30 delas ocorrendo no Brasil. Nesta dissertação, é realizada a revisão taxonômica do clado tetraploide-brasileiro de Drosera, compreendendo 17 espécies e uma variedade. São apresentados e discutidos dados sobre morfologia, ecologia, distribuição geográfica e status de conservação para estas espécies, com mapas de distribuição, ilustrações, fotografias e tabelas comparativas. Os complexos D. graminifolia, D. Montana e D. villosa são discutidos nos capítulos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Além disso, essas três espécies são recircunscritas com base em evidências morfológicas e de sua ecologia. Drosera ascendens, D. spiralis, D. tomentosa e suas duas variedades são restabelecidas, e D. villosa var. latifólia é elevada ao status específico. Drosera chrysolepis é lectotipificada e três novas espécies são descritas. Drosera camporupestris, D. grantsaui, D. graomogolensis, D. quartzicola, D. tentaculata e D. schwackei também pertencem ao clado e são aqui tratadas. Na seção Taxonomia, é apresentada uma chave de identificação e, no anexo II, uma lista com todos os táxons de Drosera ocorrentes no Brasil e aqui aceitos / The genus Drosera (Droseraceae) comprises around 200 species, 30 occurring in Brazil. In this dissertation is carried out the taxonomic revision of the Brazilian-tetraploid clade of Drosera, comprising 17 species and a variety. Here are presented and discussed data on the morphology, ecology, geographic distribution, and conservation status for these species, with distribution maps, drawings, photographs, and comparative tables. The complexes D. graminifolia, D. Montana, and D. villosa are discussed in chapters 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These three species are recircumscribed based on of morphological and ecological evidences. Drosera ascendens, D. spiralis, D. tomentosa and its two varieties are reestablished, and D. villosa var. latifolia is raised to specific rank. Drosera chrysolepis is lectotypified and three new species are described. Drosera camporupestris, D. grantsaui, D. graomogolensis, D. quartzicola, D. tentaculata, and D. schwackei also belong to this clade and are here treated. In section Taxonomy it is presented a dicotomic key and, in appendix II, a list with all Drosera taxa occurring in Brazil here accepted

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-03-29T22:37:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Ma?ra.pdf: 9744174 bytes, checksum: b312d9587a0d01a5926312c16fa34a67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-29T22:37:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Ma?ra.pdf: 9744174 bytes, checksum: b312d9587a0d01a5926312c16fa34a67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The species of the genus Trichomyia Haliday in Curtis, 1839, shows a wide morphological variation and a revision is urgently needed. Hitherto, 137 species were known for the genus, which is cosmopolitan. The Neotropical region was 68 species, most of them in Brazil. Species of Trichomyia were divided according to the number of palpus segments in two groups without taxonomic value. The subgenera currently known are Apotrichomyia Duckhouse, 1978; Dicrotrichomyia Duckhouse, 1978; Dactylotrichomyia Duchouse, 1978; Gondwanotrichomyia Duckhouse, 1980; Septemtrichomyia Bravo, 1999 and Opisthotrichomyia Bravo, 2001, being the last two exclusively Neotropical. This paper presents a revision of the subgenus Septemtrichomyia, proposes two new Neotropical subgenera: Syntrichomyia sub. nov. and Brachitrichomyia subg. nov.; and 51 new species: T. amazonensis sp. nov., T. anira sp. nov., T. aquita sp. nov., T. araguaensis sp. nov., T. atlantica sp. nov., T. bahiensis sp. nov., T. carenata sp. nov., T. bifurcata sp. nov., T. caipora sp. nov., T. cerdosa sp. nov., T. cetrae sp. nov., T. cinthiae sp. nov., T. colligate sp. nov., T. complicata sp. nov., T. conchulata sp. nov., T. confusa sp. nov., T. crinita sp. nov., T. dentata sp. nov., T. elongata sp. nov., T. grossa sp. nov., T. hileiana sp. nov., T. hispida sp. nov., T. horrida sp. nov., T. imarui sp. nov., T. incrustabilis sp. nov., T. inedita sp. nov., T. jezeki sp. nov., T. lobata sp. nov., T. longa sp. nov., T. longiseta sp. nov., T. manacapurensis sp. nov., T. mariensis sp. nov., T. mendesi sp. nov., T. mineira sp. nov., T. nortensis sp. nov., T. notata sp. nov., T. paraensis sp. nov., T. pitinguensis sp. nov., T. plumata sp. nov., T. pseudosilvatica sp. nov., T. pua sp. nov., T. puntarenas sp. nov., T. ribeiroi sp. nov., T. rondonensis sp. nov., T. sertaneja sp. nov., T. sinuosa sp. nov., T. spinicauda sp. nov., T. spinosa sp. nov., T. stangae sp. nov., T. ituberensis sp. nov., T. truncatasp. nov. Also, a redescription of T. inermis Barretto, a global list of species of Trichomyia and a key for males of the Neotropical species are presented. Presently 188 neotropical species are known, increasing in 30% the total number of known species. Certainly the Neotropical fauna is the richest between all the other faunas of the genus in the biogeographical regions of the world. / As esp?cies do g?nero Trichomyia Haliday in Curtis, 1839 possuem uma grande varia??o morfol?gica e necessita de uma urgente revis?o gen?rica. At? o momento, 137 esp?cies s?o conhecidas para o g?nero, o qual ? cosmopolita. A Regi?o Neotropical possui 68 esp?cies, muitas das quais ocorrem no Brasil. Inicialmente as esp?cies de Trichomyia foram divididas de acordo com o n?mero de segmentos no palpo em dois grupos sem valor taxon?mico. Os subg?neros atualmente conhecidos s?o Apotrichomyia Duckhouse, 1978; Dicrotrichomyia Duckhouse, 1978; Dactylotrichomyia Duchouse, 1978; Gondwanotrichomyia Duckhouse, 1980; Septemtrichomyia Bravo, 1999 e Opisthotrichomyia Bravo, 2001, sendo os dois ?ltimos exclusivamente neotropicais. O presente trabalho apresenta uma revis?o do subg?nero Septemtrichomyia, a proposta de dois novos subg?neros para a regi?o Neotropical: Syntrichomyia sub. nov. e Brachitrichomyia subg. nov. al?m de 51 novas esp?cies: T. amazonensis sp. nov., T. anira sp. nov., T. aquita sp. nov., T. araguaensis sp. nov., T. atlantica sp. nov., T. bahiensis sp. nov., T. carenata sp. nov., T. bifurcata sp. nov., T. caipora sp. nov., T. cerdosa sp. nov., T. cetrae sp. nov., T. cinthiae sp. nov., T. colligata sp. nov., T. complicata sp. nov., T. conchulata sp. nov., T. confusa sp. nov., T. crinita sp. nov., T. dentata sp. nov., T. elongata sp. nov., T. grossa sp. nov., T. hileiana sp. nov., T. hispida sp. nov., T. horrida sp. nov., T. imarui sp. nov., T. incrustabilis sp. nov., T. inedita sp. nov., T. jezeki sp. nov., T. lobata sp. nov., T. longa sp. nov., T. longiseta sp. nov., T. manacapurensis sp. nov., T. mariensis sp. nov., T. mendesi sp. nov., T. mineira sp. nov., T. nortensis sp. nov., T. notata sp. nov., T. paraensis sp. nov., T. pitinguensis sp. nov., T. plumata sp. nov., T. pseudosilvatica sp. nov., T. pua sp. nov., T. puntarenas sp. nov., T. ribeiroi sp. nov., T. rondonensis sp. nov., T. sertaneja sp. nov., T. sinuosa sp. nov., T. spinicauda sp. nov., T. spinosa sp. nov., T. stangae sp. nov., T. ituberensis sp. nov., T. truncatasp. nov. Tamb?m, a redescri??o de T. inermis Barretto, uma lista global de esp?cies de Trichomyia e uma chave de identifica??o para os machos das esp?cies neotropicais s?o apresentados. Com o presente trabalho, 188 esp?cies neotropicais passaram a ser conhecidas, ou seja, houve um aumento de 30% e a regi?o Neotropical passou a apresentar uma riqueza maior que toda aquela presente nas demais regi?es biogeogr?ficas.

The general objective of this work is to better understand the mechanisms of diversification of the African flora on the Gulf of Guinea islands. We focused on orchids, one of the three predominant plant families on São Tomé and Príncipe. We selected the genus Tridactyle, wich presents a high level of diversity and of endemism in the archipelago.We first redefined the taxonomical framework, as the genus belongs to a clade in which the taxonomical classification did not correspond to the phylogenetic tree obtained by previous studies. To address these classification problems (paraphyly and polyphyly of nominal genera), we firstly used Sanger sequencing to obtain more molecular markers to better estimate the phylogenetic tree of the Tridactyle-Cyrtorchis clade. We used one nuclear marker, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and five chloroplastic markers (matK, rps16, trnC-petN intergenic spacer, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, ycf1). Then, we combined the phylogenetic information to a morphological survey, including as many specimens as possible for the genera concerned. We recircumscribed the previously paraphyletic genus Tridactyle, as well as three other genera within the Tridactyle-Cyrtorchis clade (Rangaeris, Ypsilopus and Podangis), and we described two genera with our collaborators, Aziza and Planetangis. We also described six species new to science, two from East Africa and four from São Tomé and Príncipe. Indeed, the morphological diversity of the Tridactyle in the Gulf of Guinea islands has been misevaluated, such that wrong names have been attributed to species new to science.Once this taxonomic work was achieved, we have focused on two other studies: a biogeographic analysis of Tridactyle, to understand the origin and mechanisms generating its diversity in São Tomé and Príncipe, and a phylogeographic study to analyse the genetic variation and geographical distribution of Tridactyle tridactylites, distributed on the archipelago as well as on the continent. These studies were based on DNA sequence variation of the chloroplast genome and ribosomal DNA genes and the data were generated through Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), which allowed us to include herbarium specimens for which the classic Sanger method did not give satisfactory results.Our study showed that all Tridactyle species currently found on São Tomé and Príncipe colonised the archipelago independently, and that the current species diversity on the islands is the result of allopatric divergence between the islands and the continent, following island colonisation.- 20 -The intraspecific study revealed a high genetic diversity for Tridactyle tridactylites individuals present on Príncipe, which is not common on oceanic islands, but could be a signal that the island was a refuge for the species during the climatic changes related to ice ages. An approximate Bayesian computation analysis (ABC) of the geographic distribution of genetic variation in Atlantic Central Africa and West Africa favoured a hypothesis of recolonisation of the continent from the island rather than a colonisation of the island from the continent. It is possible that the dust-like seeds used wind currents moving from the islands to Central and West Africa as a mean of travel.The work presented here stresses the importance of conducting such studies on more orchid genera, but also on the two other main families of São Tomé and Príncipe, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. We made a first step toward a better understanding of the mechanisms of diversifications on the Gulf of Guinea islands, but only with a larger number of studies on diverse families and genera, we could draw more general conclusions about these mechanisms for the flora of the archipelago.With regard to the limitations of our study, we were not able to include all species of the genus, especially species from the Democratic Republic of Congo or East Africa. Sampling in the African rainforests is currently not uniformly carried out, and could be improved. Another way to increase sampling is to use new NGS sequencing methods to extract DNA from herbaria preserved in European Herbarium institutions, and obtain genetic information from the chloroplast and ribosome as we have done, but potentially from low-copy nuclear genes as well. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Aspergillus is a speciose genus encompassing nearly 400 species that has significant economic impacts on human health, the food industry, biotechnology and pharmacology. The research included in this thesis focuses on current issues related to the generic concept, subgeneric classification and species delimitation in Aspergillus. It addresses the need for revisions of several sections or species complexes. It provides novel information regarding etiology of aspergillosis as well as the antifungal susceptibilities of several less common opportunistic pathogens. The taxonomic section of the thesis contributes to the taxonomic stability and the new concept of the genus Aspergillus, which changed in response to the discontinuation of dual nomenclature in fungi. Sufficient arguments were collected (e.g., verification of monophyly, unifying phenotypic characters) for maintaining a broad concept of the genus and avoiding splitting it into several genera. All genera typified by sexual morphs and having Aspergillus asexual states were synonymized with Aspergillus and the appropriate names adopted; new combinations were made for teleomorphic species that lacked Aspergillus names. This thesis also contributed to infrageneric taxonomy of the genus via the proposal of four new sections in the subg. Circumdati,...

For many decades the genus Milnesium was thought to consist of a single, cosmopolitan species: Milnesium tardigradum Doyere, 1840. However, recently the genus has been re-evaluated, and numerous new species have been described. Cur-rently, over twenty extant species and one fossil are recognised, and most appear to have very narrow geographic ranges. It is doubtful that M. tardigradum sensu stricto is truly cosmopolitan, but to evaluate this hypothesis, specimens previously identified as M. tardigradum must be re-examined using newly proposed taxonomic characters. As part of the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) we collected Milnesium specimens from various locations in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). Two Milnesium species have been evaluated, and one of them, Milnesium bohleberi sp. nov., is new to science. The new species is most similar to M. eurystomum but differs by shorter claws and a shorter, narrower, and more cylindrical buccal tube. The other Milnesium species, very rare in our collection, is morphologically indistin-guishable from Milnesium granulatum Ramazzotti 1962, which was previously known only from Chile, Italy and Roma-nia. Based on the recently revised description of M. tardigradum sensu stricto, this nominal species for the genus has not been found in the GSMNP samples.

Based on the original species descriptions, a review of the genus Paramacrobiotus was conducted. We divided the genus into two subgenera, Microplacoidus subgen. nov. and Paramacrobiotus subgen. nov., based on the presence or absence of a microplacoid, characterized species within the genus based on seven different types of eggs. In a moss sample collected in Ecuador, Paramacrobiotus (Paramacrobiotus) spinosus sp. nov., was found. The new species differs from all species of the subgenus Parama crobiotus by the presence of richtersi type eggs and from other species by morphometric characters. Additionally, in the Ecuadorian material we found P. (Microplacoidus) magdalenae comb. nov., which is the first record of this species in Ecuador, we provide the full set of measurements for this species, not included in the original description. An additional new record is P. (M.) alekseevi comb. nov. found in Vietnam for the first time. After examining microscope slides from the Iharos' collection deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, we prepared re-descriptions of P. (P.) csotiensis comb nov., P. (M.) submorulatus comb. nov. and P. (M.) wauensis comb. nov. Based on the morphological and morphometric characters of adults and eggs, we developed a diagnostic key to the genus Paramacrobiotus.

The genus Psilochalcis, of the Family Chalcididae, was originally described in 1905 by Kieffer. Mainly considered an Old-World taxon, the first North American Psilochalcis were not identified until 1981 by Grissell and Schauff. Little is known about the species distributions, biologies and ecological relationships of these parasitic wasps. This dissertation describes research conducted in central Utah setting arrays of Malaise traps in 4 different habitat types common to the Great Basin at three separate locations. A result of this sampling revealed a high abundance of multiple species of Psilochalcis wasps, particularly from one location and two habitat types. Chapter 1 describes three new species of Psilochalcis wasps namely; P. adenticulata Petersen, P. minuta Petersen, and P. quadratis Petersen. A review of all North American Psilochalcis species explains their distribution in Utah and throughout the surrounding western United States. A taxonomic key for all North American Psilochalcis species is given. Chapter 2 examines the seasonal abundance of P. minuta and P. quadratis and their associations with two common Great Basin habitat types. Both species show their highest abundance from late June through early August. Their peak abundance is shown to change dependent on the environmental conditions of temperature and precipitation. Psilochalcis minuta is significantly associated with pinyon/juniper (Pinus edulis or P. monophylla and Juniperus osteosperma) and P. quadratis is significantly associated with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). Chapter 3 describes the building of species distribution models for P. minuta and P. quadratis using a maximum entropy (Maxent) approach. Ten environmental variables were used to predict areas of optimal suitable habitat for each species. Multiple predicted sites were field sampled to test each model's effectiveness. Psilochalcis minuta occurred at nearly 90% of predicted sites, and P. quadratis occurred at 50% of predicted sites. Both species occurred at some non-predicted sites in other habitat types. Model analyses and field-testing results show the P. minuta model to be reliable in predicting areas of probable species occurrence, while the P. quadratis model is much less reliable in doing so. Aspect and fire disturbance show the highest percent contribution to both species' models. Slight differences in variable percent contribution between models suggest these species have sympatric distributions. Soil and slope are more important predictors of optimal suitable habitat for each species. Maintaining integrity between model predictions and field testing gave insights into other factors contributing to probable occurrence of Psilochalcis species.

No description available.

For over a century, the origins and mechanisms underlying the diversification of the enormous cosmopolitan genus Carex (>2,100 species; Cariceae, Cyperaceae or sedge family) have remained largely speculative. Although its unique morphology (e.g., unisexual flowers, perigynia) clearly indicated it was a natural group, it obscured its relationships to all other Cyperaceae because the morphological gap between it and the rest of the family was so wide. Consequently, no plausible sister group to Carex has ever been proposed. Early molecular analyses narrowed the problem by placing Carex within a strongly-supported clade with the enigmatic monospecific genus Khaosokia, and tribes Dulichieae and Scirpeae (hereafter CDS), a group consisting of 2,250 species, or approximately 41% of all Cyperaceae. However, poor taxonomic sampling and the limited number of molecular markers used in these studies meant that the sister group to Carex remained a mystery. The goals of this thesis were to resolve evolutionary relationships within the CDS clade, to identify the sister group to Carex, and to develop a new natural tribal classification of CDS that could be used in future biogeographic and comparative analyses of Carex and its relatives. Initial phylogenetic analyses using two plastid markers (matK, ndhF) identified seven major CDS lineages, and suggested that Carex could be nested within a paraphyletic Scirpeae. However, backbone support for these relationships was low due to an ancient rapid radiation (~10 million years) followed by long divergence of the seven major lineages (~40 million years). The addition of conventional sequence-based markers from the plastid genome (rps16) and nuclear ribosomal region (ETS-1f, ITS) indicated that a traditional molecular approach would not resolve these key backbone nodes. Consequently, a recently developed flowering-plant-specific anchored enrichment probe kit targeting hundreds of conserved nuclear genes combined with next generation sequencing was used to resolve the CDS backbone. Although the resulting phylogenomic dataset was able to resolve the CDS backbone with high support, the topology and branch lengths only reaffirmed the isolated position of Carex. However, comparative morphological analyses of specimens at key herbaria not only suggested that Sumatroscirpus, a rare genus thought to be endemic to Sumatra, could be sister to Carex, but they also provided an easily accessible site to collect DNA in Northern Vietnam. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses of plastid (matK, ndhF, rps16) and nuclear ribosomal (ETS-1f, ITS) markers strongly supported Sumatroscirpus as the sister to Carex, and molecular dating estimates suggested they shared a common ancestor in the late Eocene (~36 million years ago). Comparative studies and ancestral state estimates of key morphological characters were congruent with this hypothesis, suggesting that the perigynium is not unique to Carex, but in fact a synapomorphy shared with Sumatroscirpus. This means that the initial key innovation in the remarkable diversification of Carex is not the perigynium, but could be the release of mechanical constraints that permitted the evolution of the remarkable morphological diversity of Carex perigynia seen today. A taxonomic revision of Sumatroscirpus revealed that this purportedly monospecific genus actually consisted of four species, and it extended its range over 2,400 km to the north into Northern Vietnam, Myanmar, and Southwestern China. The phylogenetic framework provided by the previous studies enabled a new tribal and generic classification of CDS to be proposed. Seven monophyletic tribes are recognised including four new tribes (Calliscirpeae, Khaosokieae, Sumatroscirpeae, Trichophoreae), and a new genus (Rhodoscirpus). Morphological synapomorphies are identified for all recognized tribes, and a worldwide treatment, including identification keys, is provided for Sumatroscirpus species, CDS genera, and Cyperaceae tribes.

Dentre os gêneros atuais de Evaniidae, Hyptia Illiger é o quarto mais rico em espécies (50 spp.), somente atrás de Prosevania Kieffer (102), Evaniella Bradley (73) e Evania Fabricius (67). Apesar de importantes contribuições recentes de alguns pesquisadores, a quase totalidade das espécies de Hyptia é conhecida superficialmente. A insuficiência das descrições em geral é decorrente do dimorfismo sexual que dificulta o reconhecimento, convergência na aparência de espécies diferentes, descrições não condizentes com os conceitos atuais, existência de poucos dados de distribuição confiáveis, trabalhos baseados em muito poucos exemplares e ilustrações e chaves de identificação inadequadas. É, portanto, fundamental uma revisão global deste gênero.O presente estudo representa o primeiro esforço aliando a revisão taxonômica a análise filogenética interna das espécies do gênero Hyptia com base em caracteres de morfologia externa. A classificação mais atual considerava 50 nomes válidos para a categoria de espécies em Hyptia com 11 sinônimos, totalizando 61 nomes. A proposta de classificação que adoto após o presente estudo considera 80 espécies válidas e 14 sinônimos, totalizando 94 nomes, sendo 46 anteriormente espécies descritas e 34 espécies novas. No presente trabalh foram designados lectótipos para Hyptia amazonica, H. poeyi, H. petiolata e H. rufipes; propostas sinonímias de H. argenteiceps Kieffer, 1904 nov. sin. sob H. petiolata (Fabricius, 1798), H. hirsuta (Taschenberg, 1891) nov. sin. sob H. amazonica (Schletterer, 1886), H. stimulata (Schletterer, 1889) nov. sin. sob H. poeyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1843) e H. spinifera Frison, 1922 nov. sin. sob H. nigriventris Szépligeti, 1903). Proposta para emendas justificadas de H. peruanus (Enderlein, 1905) para H. peruana n. em. e de H. rufipectus Dewitz, 1881 para H. rufipecta n. em. Sugerida a elevação do status da subespécie H. brevicalcar sericea a espécie H. sericea (Kieffer, 1910a) stat. nov. e a transferência de H. festiva para Semaeomyia [S. festiva (Taschenberg, 1891)] nov. comb. Além das mudanças taxonômicas, os sexos dos espécimes-tipo de duas espécies haviam sido incorretamente determinados pelos autores originais: H. brasiliensis Szépligeti, 1903 identificado como fêmea e H. crassa (Cameron, 1888) como macho. Para a espécie H. hapyoides Bradley, 1908 o sexo não havia sido determinado (fêmea). O estudo dos 80 terminais, incluindo os grupos-externos mas não as espécies cujos holótipos não puideream ser estudados, resultou em uma matriz com 173 caracteres, sendo 41 baseados na morfologia da cabeça, 84 do mesossoma, 21 das pernas, 6 do metassoma e 21 das asas. Na forma como apresentados e discutidos, todos os caracteres são propostos e analisados pela primeira vez. A análise filogenética demonstra, pela primeira vez, a relação de grupo-irmão entre Hyptia e Decevania, apoiada por seis sinapomorfias e a monofilia de Hyptia, com pelo menos duas sinapomorfias sustentando esta hipótese. As relações internas apontam para a formação de dois clados maiores, as espécies com presença nas ilhas caribenhas e as espécies com distribuição pelos continentes americanos. Numa próxima etapa, a adição de novos caracteres de morfologia externa e da morfologia interna (apódemas e músculos) devem melhorar o suporte e revelar mais fielmente o relacionamento entre os clados do gênero, pois alguns clados não apresentaram resolução aceitável segundo a análise atual. A construção de um atlas de morfologia foi importante para o estabelecimento dos termos utilizados em Hyptia e, posteriormente, receberá adição de novos caracteres, a partir de estudos mais detalhados de sua morfologia interna, assim como um ferramenta importante para iniciantes na taxonomia da família. / Among the extant Evaniidae genera, Hyptia Illiger is the fourth richest in species (50 spp.), only behind Prosevania Kieffer (102), Evaniella Bradley (73) and Evania Fabricius (67). Despite major recent contributions, most Hyptia species are superficially known. The inadequacy of the descriptions is usually due to sexual dimorphism that hampers recogntion, convergence in appearance of different species, inadequate descriptions in face of current concepts, few reliable distribution data, work based on very few specimens and inadequate illustrations and identification keys. It is therefore imperative that a comprehensive review of this genus is performed. This study represents the first effort combining a taxonomic revision with a phylogenetic analysis of the internal classification of Hyptia species, based on external morphology. The current classification accepts 50 valid and 11 invalid species, in a total of 61 names.With the new proposal for Hyptia classification, 80 species are considered valid and 14 invalid, in a total of 94 names, 46 previously described and 34 undescribed species for Hyptia. In this study, lectotypes were designated for Hyptia amazonica, H. poeyi, H. petiolata and H. rufipes; the synonymy of H. argenteiceps Kieffer, 1904 syn. nov. (=H. petiolata (Fabricius, 1798)); H. hirsuta (Taschenberg, 1891) syn. nov. (=H. amazonica (Schletterer, 1886)), H. stimulata (Schletterer, 1889) syn. nov. (=H. poeyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1843)) and H. spinifera Frison, 1922 syn. nov. (=H. nigriventris Szépligeti, 1903). Proposal for justified emendation from H. peruanus (Enderlein, 1905) to H. peruana n. em. and from H. rufipectus Dewitz, 1881 to H. rufipecta n. em. Rank change from ssp. to sp., H. sericea (Kieffer, 1910a) stat. nov. and transfered from Hyptia to Semaeomyia, Semaeomyia festiva (Taschenberg, 1891) comb. nov. In addition to taxonomic changes, the sexes of the type specimens of two species were incorrectly determined by the original authors: H. brasiliensis Szépligeti, 1903 identified as a female and H. crassa (Cameron, 1888) as being a male., H. hapyoides Bradley, 1908 holotype sex has not been determined (female). The study of 80 terminals, including the outgroups but not those species which holotypes were not actually studied, resulted in a matrix with 173 characters, of which 41 in the head, 84 (mesossoma), 21 (legs), 6 (metassoma) and 21 (wings). As herte presented and discussed, all characters are proposed and analyzed for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis shows by the first time a sister relationship among Hyptia and Decevania, supported by six synapomorphies and the monophyly of Hyptia, with at least two synapomorphies supporting this hypothesis. Internal relationships indicate the existance of two major basal clades, the species present in the Caribbean islands and the species distributed throughout the American continents. The addition of new characters from external and internal morphologies (apodemes and muscles) should improve the support and reveal more accurately the relationship between the clades of the genus, as in the present analysis, some clades showed no acceptable resolution. The development of an morphological atlas for Hyptia was important for the establishment of the used terms and sforms the basis for further studies, as well as an incentive for beginners in the taxonomy of the family.