M.S.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1948 L5 / Master of Science

No description available.

Las pruebas serológicas de Inhibición de la Hemaglutinación (HI) y la Prueba de Inmunoensayo con enzimas asociadas (ELISA) son usadas rutinariamente para la detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de la Enfermedad de Newcastle (vENC). El antígeno de la prueba de HI puede ser una cepa de tropismo respiratorio o de tropismo entérico. En el presente estudio fue analizada la concordancia entre las dos pruebas de HI y la prueba de ELISA. Con tal fin fueron analizados los resultados serológicos obtenidos en 196 sueros colectados en pollos de engorde de 26 y 42 días, antes y después de ser desafiados con una cepa velogénica viscerotrópica del virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle. Los anticuerpos detectados por ambas pruebas fueron agrupados en cuatro escalas según su nivel de detección (negativo, bajo, medio y alto) para posteriormente ser analizados por la prueba estadística de Kappa de Cohen. Se analizó la concordancia entre las dos pruebas de HI con antígeno respiratorio o entérico y, entre cada una de estos últimas (HI respiratoria y HI entérica) con la prueba de ELISA. Se determinó que la concordancia entre las prueba de HI y ELISA, tanto usando antígeno entérico como antígeno respiratorio fue muy pobre, mientras que la concordancia entre las dos pruebas de HI (con antígeno respiratorio o entérico) fue moderada. Palabras claves: virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC), ELISA, HI, índice de kappa, concordancia. / --- Hemagglutination Inhibition (IH) and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Serological tests are routinely used for antibodies detection against the virus of Newcastle disease (NDV). Antigen for IH test may be a strain of respiratory tropism or enteric tropism. This study analyzed the concordance between the HI and ELISA tests. For this purpose, the serological results obtained on 196 sera collected in broilers of 26 and 42 days old were analyzed, before and after being challenged with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of newcastle disease virus. The antibodies detected by both tests were grouped into four scales according to their detection level (negative, low, medium and high) in order to later be analyzed by the Kappa Cohen statistic test. Concordance between the two tests of IH with respiratory or enteric antigen was analyzed, and concordance between each these (IH respiratory and IH enteric) with the ELISA test was analyzed. It was found that the concordance between IH test and ELISA, using both enteric antigen and respiratory antigen was very poor, while the concordance between the two IH tests (respiratory or enteric antigen) was moderate. Keywords: virus Newcastle disease (NDV), ELISA, HI, kappa index, concordance.

Thesis (MMedVet (Altil)) - University of Pretoria, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

A dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Fuculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Postgraduate Diploma in Recreation and Tourism in the Centre for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, 2007. / The study on provision of recreation facilities at Osizweni Township, Newcastle was conducted against the background that the local community is not provided with sufficient recreation facilities, it was surprising to see that the majority of local community is not participating in recreation activities. The study was aimed at finding the level of provision of the recreation facilities in the study area. This aimed was narrowed down to the following objectives. • To establish the level of understanding and meaning of recreation as an activity in the study area • To reveal the level of awareness of the community about the provision of recreation facilities in the study area. • To indicate the participation levels of the local community in recreation activities. • To investigate the level of provision of recreation facilities in the study area • To establish the extent to which members of the community perceive the benefit arising from the availability of recreation facilities in the study area. The study hypothesised that: • That the local community have a little understanding and meaning of recreation. • That some of the local community members are aware about the provision recreation facilities in the study area and some are not aware. • That the participation level in recreation activities in the study area is low. • That the provision of recreation facilities in the study area is inadequate. • That everyone in the local community perceives the benefit arising from the availability of recreation facilities in the study area. Data was collected through the use sets of questionnaires, which had both open-ended and closed ended. After this data was collected, it was analysed through the use of computer programme, Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). This programme was used to formulate frequency tables and to relate variables There were various findings that were deduces from the responses. It was discovered that the provision of recreation facilities at Osizweni community is inadequate. The inadequacy of recreation facilities in the study area has resulted to lower level of participation in recreation activities. In addition it was discovered that the local community is aware of the recreation facilities found in the study area, the problem is that the recreation facilities are not up to standard. To address the concerns of the local community various recommendations were suggested. These included provision of recreation facilities, youth development programmes, providers of recreation facilities and availability of recreation facilities as benefits. Once the local community is provided with adequacy recreation facilities, they will participate in recreation facilities and the crime level will decrease. / National Research Fund.

The overwhelming number of people residing outside country of origin has created anxiety and fear in the immigrant receiving countries over the potentially destabilising effect on the country’s resources. This may provoke controversy because of the fears that they may be competing unfairly with hosts for jobs, housing and other welfare services. Hence, migrants are increasingly becoming vulnerable to racism, xenophobia and discrimination. The justice system protects the rights of migrants. Equal access to justice entails the right of migrants to initiate and proceed with legal matters through the justice system without hindrances. On the side of the state, access to justice also includes the obligation of the state to investigate violations and persecute the perpetrators according to the law. Hence, with this context in mind, this study explored the perception of justice system personnel on the services they provide to non-South African citizens, specifically to Ethiopian Immigrants in the Newcastle area. It also explored the experience of Ethiopian asylum seekers and refugees in interacting with the locals and in accessing justice system within the greater Newcastle area in the KwaZulu Natal Province. In total, 20 interviews were conducted, of which 8 are justice system personnel and 12 Ethiopian asylum seekers and refugees. The findings suggest that the majority of justice system personnel perceive that foreigners are equal in the eyes of the law and get equal treatment as that of South Africans. It was found that the majority of justice system personnel lack knowledge of refugee law and this has been an obstacle in day to day running of courts. The findings also show that language services and Legal Aid are available to locals and as well as foreigners. It was also found that case dockets get lost due to corruption and negligence, and this resulted in impunity for some of the perpetrators of xenophobic violence. The findings also suggested that asylum seekers and refugees agreed that the justice system is fair and that there are good provisions that accommodate everyone. Some, however, expressed discontent and claimed that they faced discrimination. They portray the police as unfriendly and indicated that they have experienced abuse and discrimination. The findings also suggest that police harass and abuse refugees by invading their premises without a search warrant. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_mcm_dr_jabo.pdf: 761601 bytes, checksum: 6236742e70d7cbec76cc87afe87574a1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foi realizada a clonagem e expressão do gene da glicoproteína HN da estirpe La Sota do vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN), como proteína recombinante de fusão, contendo uma cauda de poli-histidina no sistema hospedeiro constituído por leveduras da espécie Saccharomyces cerevisiae, que apesar de tentativas de otimização, não evidenciou a expressão da proteína recombinante. Após isso, foram produzidas as porções N-terminal e C-terminal da glicoproteína HN como proteínas recombinantes de fusão contendo uma cauda de poli-histidina e o peptídeo SUMO no sistema hospedeiro constituído pela bactéria Escherichia coli. Contatou-se que o sistema procarioto de expressão foi mais eficiente e permitiu a geração de dois peptídeos, que depois de devidamente caracterizados e purificados foram utilizados como antígenos para a realização de testes de imunodiagnóstico em sustituição aos kits comerciais utilizados atualmente. Foram desenvolvidos dois ensaios de ELISA baseados na adsorção de um antígeno formado pela expressão da porção N-terminal da glicoproteína HN (ELISA HN N-terminal) e na porção C-terminal da mesma glicoproteína (ELISA HN C-terminal), recuperados a partir da purificação da fração solúvel de culturas de E. coli. O ELISA C-terminal mostrou os melhores coeficientes de correlação com o teste padrão HI e com o teste S-ELISA-ConA, além de melhores índices de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia. Com isso, o ELISA baseado em um antígeno da porção C-terminal da glicoproteína HN e uma única diluição do soro desenvolvido neste estudo pode ser aplicado no diagnóstico e monitoramento pós-vacinal do VDN / Was carried out the cloning and expression of the glycoprotein gene of the strain La Sota HN of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), as a recombinant fusion protein containing a poly-histidine tail at the host system consisting of the yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which despite attempts at optimizing, showed no expression of recombinant protein. After that, the portions N-terminal and C-terminal from glycoprotein HN were produced as recombinant proteins containing a fusion tail and the poly-histidine peptide SUMO at the host system consisting of Escherichia coli. It was noted that the prokaryotic expression system was more efficient and allowed the generation of two peptides, which once characterized and purified were used as antigens for immunodiagnostic tests replacement in the commercial kits currently used. Were developed two ELISA assays based on the adsorption of the antigen formed by expression of the N-terminal portion of the HN glycoprotein (HN ELISA N-terminal) and the C-terminal portion of the same glycoprotein (HN ELISA C-terminus), recovered from purification of the soluble fraction of cultures of E. coli. The C-terminal ELISA showed the best correlation coefficients with the standard HI test and ELISA test S-ConA-, and higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Therefore, the ELISA of the antigen based on a C-terminal portion of the glycoprotein HN and a single serum dilution developed in this study can be applied in the diagnosis and monitoring of post-vaccination VDN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000792136_20141231.pdf: 436044 bytes, checksum: df19c9ddacbd0b80cd1d62771aece5e9 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-01-05T11:00:56Z: 000792136_20141231.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-01-05T11:01:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000792136.pdf: 1761626 bytes, checksum: 714d3718119b395634a93761902c8401 (MD5) / O vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN) é o agente causador de uma das mais importantes enfermidades em aves e representa uma ameaça para a indústria avícola. O VDN é membro da família Paramyxoviridae, subfamília Paramyxovirinae, gênero Avulavirus. São vírus envelopados, não-segmentados dotados de genoma RNA de fita simples sentido negativo, associado à doença do trato respiratório, digestivo e nervoso das aves. O controle da DN se baseia em biossegurança, uso de vacinas e detecção precoce de lotes infectados. No presente estudo foi feito o sequenciamento do genoma completo da estirpe vacinal lentogênica (LaSota) e de um isolado de campo brasileiro patogênico (APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75) do VDN, seguido de análise filogenética. Os resultados revelaram que o genoma das estirpes LaSota e APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 estão constituídos respectivamente por um total de 15.186 e 15.192 nucleotídeos, seis genes na ordem 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. Para a estirpe LaSota o local de clivagem da proteína de fusão (F) apresenta a sequência de aminoácidos correspondentes às encontradas em estirpes não virulentas do VDN, oposto ao que acontece com a estirpe APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75, no qual o sítio de clivagem da proteína F apresenta a sequência de aminoácidos correspondente às encontradas nas estirpes virulentas do VDN. O genoma completo da estirpe LaSota não apresentou grandes diferenças genômicas, de forma que na análise filogenética ficou evidenciado que esta estirpe está classificada no genótipo II, já a estirpe APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 apresentou grandes diferenças genômicas nas sequências deduzidas de aminoácidos de suas principais proteínas estruturais, de forma que na análise filogenética do genoma completo foi demonstrado que esse vírus está classificado no genótipo V. Os dados obtidos a partir do presente estudo podem contribuir consideravelmente para ... / Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the agent that causes one of the most important diseases in birds and represents a threat to industrial aviculture. NDV is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, Paramyxovirinae subfamily, Avulavirus genus. Viruses consist of single-stranded, non-segmented, negative-sense, RNA, associated with diseases in respiratory tract, digestive and nervous in birds. The ND control is based on biosafety, use of vaccines and early detection of infected batches. Here we present the complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a lentogenic strain (LaSota) and a velogenic strain (APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75) of NDV. The results revealed that the genome of LaSota and APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 are constituted respectively by a total of 15,186 and 15,192 nucleotides and six genes in the order 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5’. The cleavage site of fusion protein (F) in LaSota strain shows the amino acid sequence found in non-virulent NDV strains, as opposed to happen with APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 strain, the cleavage site of the F protein has the amino acid sequence corresponding to that found in virulent strains of NDV. The complete genome of LaSota strain showed no genomic differences and the phylogenetic analysis evidenced that this strain is classified in genotype II. The APMV-1/Chicken/Brazil/SJM/75 strain there are large differences in the genomic sequences and in the deduced amino acid sequences of its major structural proteins, so the phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome was demonstrated that this virus is classified in genotype V. This study can contribute significantly to understand better the genomic evolution of NDV in Brazil and in Americas, such as these strains with genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were no longer isolated in Brazil after 1975, while continued to be isolated in North America

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_grv_me_jabo.pdf: 434340 bytes, checksum: 1f4cb80c686c33def0fc530fbe6542ad (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As avaliações dos parâmetros clínicos, imunitários e epidemiológicos da vacinação contra a doença de Newcastle (DN) em agapornis (Agapornis roseicollis) foram investigadas em dois experimentos. Amostras vacinais Ulster 2C, B1 e LaSota do vírus da doença de Newcastle (VDN) foram utilizadas para imunização das aves. No experimento 1, utilizaram-se 48 agapornis, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos de 12 animais cada, num total de três repetições, submetidos a diferentes esquemas imunoprofiláticos. A resposta imune foi avaliada pelo teste de HI. Não foram observados sinais clínicos de reação pós-vacinal em qualquer grupo experimental. Os resultados dos títulos de anticorpos (HI) mostraram que a estirpe vacinal LaSota conferiu maior grau de imunidade aos agapornis, quando comparada às estirpes Ulster 2C e B1. Estas aves foram posteriormente desafiadas frente a uma estirpe patogênica do VDN (EID50=108,15/0,1mL), aos 12 meses de idade. Em todos os grupos, procedeu-se a pesquisa do RNA viral a partir de suabes cloacais, através da técnica de RT-PCR. Os agapornis de todos os grupos não demonstraram qualquer sinal clínico sugestivo da DN, mostrando-se refratários à doença clínica frente a este vírus. Entretanto, ficou caracterizado o estado de portador de VDN nesta espécie decorridos até 21 dias da infecção experimental com este patógeno. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas aves SPF (“Specific-Pathogen-Free”) conviventes com agapornis inoculados com uma estirpe patogênica do VDN. Observou-se a transmissão do VDN dos agapornis para as aves SPF conviventes decorridos até 21 da infecção experimental com este patógeno, o que realça a importância do agapornis como fonte potencial de infecção do VDN para aves domésticas / The evaluations of clinical, immunological and epidemiological parameters of vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) in lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) were investigated in 2 experiments. Ulster 2C, B1 and LaSota vaccines strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were used to immunization of birds. In experiment 1, 48 lovebirds were distributed into 4 different treatments, with 12 birds in each, with a total of 3 repetitions, submitted to different vaccination programs. The immunological responses were measured by HI test. Lovebirds from all groups did not show any clinical signs of post vaccinal reaction. The antibody titers (HI) results showed that the immune vaccine programs adopted were different in stimulating protective levels of humoral immune response. These birds were also challenge with a pathogenic NDV strain (EID50=108.15/0.1mL) at 12 months of age. After the challenge in all groups, cloacal swabs were collected for RT-PCT to find the pathogenic viruses. Lovebirds from all groups did not demonstrate clinical signs of ND, being refractory to the clinical disease with the NDV. However, a NDV carrier state was demonstrated in this specie until 21 days after experimental infection. In experiment 2, SPF chicks were housed with lovebirds previously inoculated with a pathogenic NDV strain. The pathogenic virus (NDV) was transmitted from lovebirds to SPF chicks until 21 days after challenge, showing the importance of the lovebirds as source of dissemination of NDV to domestic birds