Orientador: Murilo César Soares / Banca: Alexandra Bujokas de Siqueira / Banca: Rosangela Marçolla / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo: 1) investigar como são construídos os enquadramentos noticiosos televisivos no telejornalismo, por meio da análise comparativa de dois importantes telejornais brasileiros, sendo um de uma emissora comercial e o outro de uma público-educativa; 2) estudar o papel dos enquadres dos telejornais em um caso de violação dos direitos civis da cidadania. Para atingir tais objetivos, optamos por analisar o Jornal Nacional, a Rede Globo de Televisão, e o Jornal da Cultura de São Paulo, ambos veiculados no "horário nobre da televisão brasileira". Definidos por Gitlin (1980, p. 6-7), os enquadramentos da mídia são "padrões persistentes de cognição, interpretação e apresentação, de seleção, ênfase e exclusão, através dos quais os detentores de símbolos organizam de forma rotineira o discurso". Desta forma, enquadrar significa selecionar um aspecto de fato e satisfaze-lo, ao passo que as omissões podem ser igualmente fundamentais para conduzir a audiência. Para salientar os enquadramentos dessas emissoras televisivas distintas, escolhemos o caso do Morro da Providência, Rio de Janeiro, ocorrido em junho de 2008, que mostrou a participação do Exército na morte de três jornais e denúncia de propaganda política eleitoral feita por Marcelo Crivella. A análise mostra que os telejornais foram muito semelhantes e focalizam o aspecto informativo, não aproveitando este episódio para a educação cidadã dos brasileiros ou para reforçar os direitos humanos que foram violentamente violados / Abstract: This researh aims: to investigate how the television news framing are built in broadcast news, through comparative analysis of two major Brazilian news programs, one from a commercial TV station and the other from a public TV station; 2) to study the role of the frames of the news programs during the coverage of a civil rights of citizenship violatin event. To achieve the goals, we chose to analyze the Journal Nacional, from Rede Globo TV, and the Jornal da Cultura, from TV Cultura de São Paulo, both running in the "prime-time" of Brazilian television. "Set by Gitlin (1980, p. 6-7), media frames are "persistent patterns of cognition, interpretation, and presentation, of selection, emphasis, and exclusion, by which symbol-handlers routinely organize discourse, whether verbal or visual". Thus, to frame means slecting a point of fact and highlight it, while the omissions may also be critical to conduct the audience. To highlight the frameworks of those different television stations, we chose the case of Morro da Providencia, Rio de Janeiro, in June 2008, which showed the involvement of the army in the deaths of three young men, and the reporting of political election propaganda made by Marcelo Crivella. The analysis shows that television news programs were very similar and focused on the informational aspect, not using this episode for the Brazilian citizenship education or to enforce human rights that have been violently violated / Mestre

Grounded in framing theory, this thesis presents a quantitative content analysis of newspaper reporting of the Hong Kong protests, also known as the Occupy Central Movement or the Umbrella Revolution, between September 28 and December 11, 2014. The political, economic and legal implications involved have made the protests one of the most newsworthy events in the history of Hong Kong since the transfer of its sovereignty from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. This study aims to examine the various frames used in the coverage of the protests in three major newspapers that operate within different political, economic and ideological boundaries: South China Morning Post, The New York Times, and The Guardian. Results of the content analysis supported the research hypotheses that significant differences existed in the newspapers in their framing of the protests, the protesters, the government, news censorship, and politically sensitive issues. While the frames used by The New York Times and The Guardian were in agreement with the Western democratic-liberal press system, the frames used by South China Morning Post reflected the authoritarian-liberal nature of the Hong Kong press system.

The EU has widened and deepened the single market over time according to a transactionalist discourse of common-interests in integration. This rationale holds that as amounts of cross-border movement increase, Member State populations should perceive the single market as beneficial, thus leading to the creation of an affective European identity. Instead, as consequences of integration have become more visible, resistance to the EU has become more pronounced, especially with relation to the Union's right of free movement of persons. This thesis argues that interest-based theories of integration ignore prospects for resilient national identities to influence the accordance of solidarity ties, so as to color interest perceptions within national public spheres. Combining the literature on European identity, moral panic and communication studies on news framing, it maintains that the popular news media provide a conduit through which these interest perceptions can be taken up through the tendency of news outlets to report events that deviantly threaten underlying identity conceptions. Through content analysis of 'popular' press in the UK, Spain and Poland, it seeks to show how the inane tendency of news to report events in terms of an identity-based narrative can serve to foment moral panic within national publics. Contrary to interest based theories of integration, the EU's discourse clashes with national identity. Disintegration may be posited as the 'proper stance' to be supported on the part of the public in news narrative, if threatening deviance caused by EU migration is to be resolved. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The main purpose of this thesis is to identify the discursive techniques through which women are delegitimized, belittled and "Othered" in Croatian media. On top of that, the goal is to identify patterns in news framing processes which reflect the structures of a patriarchal society. This thesis looks at discourse with an aim to identify and address the dynamics of “othering” and “silencing strategies” in Croatian media and their most popular informative talk shows, "Sunday at 2" and "Fifth Day". The question of whether HRT complies with their own laws as well as the laws on gender equality in the media is also raised. This thesis employs critical discourse analysis to examine four different talk show episodes where problems of sexual violence and access to abortion were discussed. Additionally, power relations between men and women enacted through discourse are observed, revealing the frames behind them. Results suggest that agenda-setting and news framing are powerful tools through which Croatian media presents women as inferior or“Other”, while delegitimizing their struggles. The male figures on Croatian television are shown to perpetuate stereotypes and gender inequalities, violating Croatian Radiotelevision and Gender Equality Laws. Ultimately, this thesis observes Croatian media in the light of the process of retraditionalization in Croatia and the broader backlash against women's issues across Europe. Finally, this thesis highlights the conservative patriarchal values reflected in Croatian media and encourages research on media framing of women in Croatia. However, further research is needed to better understand framing effects on public's perceptions of gender inequalities in Croatia.

The Russian Federation’s presence on the global stage of the Olympic Games has been linked with considerable controversy from 2014 onwards. The nation’s use of international sport for promoting its image, state-sponsored doping, and Russia’s illegal occupations of Ukraine staged in close time proximity with the Games are all controversies which have taken their toll on the country’s image, both within and beyond the context of sport. Using a news framing theory and analysis, this thesis examines how RT, a state-sponsored media outlet that operates in alignment with the Russian state, counters these image-affecting controversies through its framings of Russia at the Winter Olympics between 2014 and 2022. This research finds that, while RT has consistently functioned to defend and potentially improve Russia’s image, its framing tactics have shifted substantially over time, and vary significantly depending on the controversy addressed. RT’s articles linked with Russia’s use of sport to promote its image used a wide variety of frames to highlight the impact of Russia’s athletes, justify the funding of the Sochi Olympics, and accuse Western media of “Russia-bashing”. Articles related to Russian doping shifted over time from framing Russian athletes as powerless victims of sport governing body decisions to highlighting supposed Western interference in sport. Articles linked with Russia’s illegal occupation of Ukraine increased substantially in 2022, and most often framed the issue by focusing on the moral values associated with athletes from the two nations. This thesis found that RT’s controversy-linked content increased in publication frequency over time, which along with the above shifts in framing, showcase the increasingly aggressive politicisation of RT’s Olympic sport coverage, which lacks exploration in prior scholarly research.

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Il semble y avoir depuis quelques années une considérable augmentation de l’utilisation du terme féminicide pour désigner les meurtres de femmes par un partenaire intime dans les journaux. Nous cherchons à établir dans la présente étude si cette nouvelle popularité apparente du terme ne constitue qu’une simple mode lexicale ou si elle s’accompagne aussi d’un changement plus profond dans le discours des médias et leur cadrage des nouvelles de meurtres de femmes par leur conjoint au Québec. Pour ce faire, nous analysons le cadrage des nouvelles de féminicides intimes dans la presse québécoise à partir d’un corpus de 71 articles parus entre 2019 et 2021 dans trois quotidiens montréalais, soit La Presse, Le Devoir et Le Journal de Montréal. Il s’agit d’identifier dans les articles les différents éléments contribuant à orienter l’interprétation de la nouvelle en fonction des trois principales composantes du cadrage médiatique définies par les études antérieures faites sur le sujet : le contexte présenté, le langage utilisé et les sources citées. À la lumière de nos résultats, il apparaît absolument indéniable que l’augmentation fulgurante de l’utilisation de féminicide pour désigner les meurtres de femmes par leur partenaire ou ex-partenaire ne constitue pas qu’une tendance linguistique isolée, mais s’inscrit plutôt dans une réelle transformation généralisée de la place et de l’importance accordée aux féminicides intimes dans les médias québécois entre 2019 et 2021. / There appears to be a recent increase in the use of the word feminicide by the press to refer to the murder of women by male intimate partners. We attempted with this present study to establish if this apparent popularity of the term is only a new lexical trend or if it is also accompanied by a more widespread and profound change in the media discourse and their framing of such news. To do so, we analysed the framing of intimate partner femicide news in the Quebec press in 71 articles published between 2019 and 2021 in three Montreal daily newspapers, La Presse, Le Devoir and Le Journal de Montréal. We identified in these articles different elements that contribute to shape the interpretation of the event based on the three main components of news framing according to previous research: the context of the murder, the language used and the sources cited. Our results show without a doubt that the considerable increase in the use of feminicide to refer to the murder of women by male intimate partners is not simply a new linguistic trend but is rather part of a wider and deeper transformation of the place and importance given to intimate partner femicides in the Quebec press between 2019 and 2021.

This study investigated the historical coverage of foreign issues in U.S. newspapers. The study mainly focused on four primary areas: coverage of wars, leaders, human rights, and economic issues in foreign countries. I qualitatively analyzed data to find if there are any other common topics discussed during the time frame. Then, these topics were analyzed by applying the framing theory to news stories about Saudi Arabia, used as a case study from September 1923 to December 2023. The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and the New York Times (NYT) were investigated and representative of two distinct newspaper orientations, which are conservative and liberal ideological orientations. Finally, sentiment analysis was used to find the dominant tone for each frame. This study found that the topics discussed were leaders, wars, human rights, economics, sports, Islamic culture, terrorism, education, and natural phenomena. In the NYT, the focus of topics was on leaders, economics, and wars; in the WSJ, the focus was on leaders, economics, and Islamic culture. In terms of applied frames, NYT mostly applied responsibility, cooperation, and consequences frames, while WSJ mostly applied consequences and cooperation frames. The sentiment analysis of data showed that NYT mostly used negative tones, while WSJ mostly used positive tones. This study provided a comprehensive view of the coverage of U.S. newspapers from past to present, leading to predicting a model for each newspaper to understand how these newspapers were covering Saudi issues in the past, explaining the present, and formulating future expectations.

The diploma thesis deals with the relationship between humans and animals in contemporary society. Formerly animals were a part of everyday human life but with the advent of modern society, the relationship between man and animal weakens. Today the situation is such that people increasingly form the relationship with animals only through the media. Therefore, the aim of practical research was to determine how and in what context animals are represented in the Czech media, specifically in two selected newspapers - Blesk and MF Dnes. To achieve a comprehensive view on the subject, the work combined two basic approaches to research - qualitative and quantitative. Main method is a qualitative frame analysis during which frames of representing animals that occur in these two newspapers were formulated, described and interpreted. To complement and quantify the information gathered in qualitative analysis, quantitative content analysis was also made. Among others, the results offer us a reflection how we currently think about animals and what role they play in our lives and in life of the whole society.

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which U.S. newspapers covered the chatter surrounding the 2009/10 healthcare reform debate at the expense of the substance. Also of importance was how the political leanings of newspapers influenced the coverage they gave the issue in terms of tone and page or story prominence. Newspaper endorsement data from Editor & Publisher magazine were used to determine the political leanings of U.S. newspapers based on the candidate they endorsed in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Newspaper articles related to the topic were retrieved from the Lexis-Nexis database and analyzed. The results showed that overall the healthcare reform debate received substantial coverage in U.S. newspapers; but the major part of the coverage was dedicated to the arguments, protests, and thoughts of people concerning the issue (90.3%) rather than the substance of the issue (9.7%). Implications of the results for media practitioners, communication scholars, and researchers were discussed.