As the innovation systems approach becomes increasingly transferred from developed to developing countries as a framework for achieving increased productivity, the notion of deficient institutions becomes more important. Prior research on innovation systems has adopted a broad treatment of institutions that has resulted in an omission of the impact that deficient institutions have on implementing innovation. Towards providing a treatment of institutions that is more specific and by extension, accounts for the impact of deficient institutions within developing country innovation systems, this thesis on the account of both the personcentric characteristic of the entrepreneur and the entrepreneur’s ability to deal with uncertainty focused on answering the research question: How do entrepreneurs deal with deficient institutions in developing country innovation systems in order to introduce innovation? By considering the context of the Nigerian film industry innovation system, this thesis showed that entrepreneurs dealt with the deficient institutions by substituting them with informal institutions during their interactions with Nigerian actors, and with formal institutions that looked to be external to the Nigerian environment when interacting with international actors. In addition to this, the decision to use these institutions was seen to have been influenced by both the situations that the entrepreneurs faced and their personal experiences personal experiences. By showing this, the thesis contributed to the literature on innovation systems by providing a more nuanced understanding of institutions in comparison with what previously existed. Another contribution was the introduction of agency (through analytical focus on the entrepreneur) within innovation systems research.

Through a study of the history and performance of successive military regimes, this thesis examines the role of military governments in economic development, particularly the creation of a market-enabling environment in Nigeria. The key question underlying this research is: did the policies formulated and implemented by the different military governments accelerate or decelerate economic, and concomitantly markets developments in Nigeria? Essentially, an evaluation of the military governments (1966-1999), is undertaken to determine the nature of the linkage, if any, between regimes and economic and market development policies. Also evaluated are two civilian governments within the relevant period, and only as a reference point to more effectively identify the military's role in economic development. Regime profile outlines the scope and economic effects of policies; case studies of the individual regimes illustrate the underlying reasons for economic underperformance. Measured in real terms and relative to its contribution to the welfare of the average citizen, the study shows that successive military governments' relative economic development achievements are not commensurate with the magnitude of resources expended. Indeed that the decades of military regimes have not seen, in real terms, any significant improvements in the distribution of national income and wealth. Indications also are that the military structure and its paternalistic policy accommodation account for much of the pervasive corruption found all through the regimes. Also identified is the role of the institutional civil service in policy formulation and implementation.

Abstract This thesis examines the evangelical strategy for the Men’s Missionary Union in Southeastern Nigeria. Chapter 1 gives the introduction to the study, which also comprises the background, the statement of the problems, the limitations and delimitation, the literary review and the methodology. Chapter 2 is a study that views the geography and ethnography of Southeastern Igboland. In this chapter, the geographic location, the ethnographic data and the religion of the people were examined. Chapter 3 focuses on the historical background of the people of southeastern Nigeria. The areas of interest include: the historical background, cultural portraits, social life, and the religious and traditional beliefs of the people. Chapter 4 looks at the history of missions in Southeast Nigeria. The areas of focus include: Christian Missions in Southeast Nigeria, Baptist Missions in the Southeast Nigeria, the Southern Baptist Missions in Nigeria, the Nigerian Baptist Convention Missions and the Men’s Missionary Union in the Southeastern Nigeria. Chapter 5 explores the Evangelistic Strategy for the Men’s Missionary Union in Southeastern Nigeria. The thesis suggests the following strategies for the area: the theological importance of evangelism in Southeastern Nigeria, the economic empowerment, social ministry, personal evangelism, recreational and sporting ministry, house/cell group scheme, and prayer/power evangelism. Chapter 6 discovers some hindrances to evangelism in the area and then makes some recommendations toward evangelizing the Southeast people of Nigeria. According to the observation of the thesis, the Southeastern people of Nigeria are assumed to have been Christianized, but the gospel-centered message of Christ is still lacking in the area. Therefore, this thesis explores possible evangelistic strategies that will galvanize the ministry of the Men’s Missionary Union of Baptist Churches in Southeastern Igbo ethnic group in Nigeria. It discovers that the seven evangelistic strategies when applied in the area will help reach the people with the gospel message of Christ.

No description available.

As the innovation systems approach becomes increasingly transferred from developed to developing countries as a framework for achieving increased productivity, the notion of deficient institutions becomes more important. Prior research on innovation systems has adopted a broad treatment of institutions that has resulted in an omission of the impact that deficient institutions have on implementing innovation. Towards providing a treatment of institutions that is more specific and by extension, accounts for the impact of deficient institutions within developing country innovation systems, this thesis on the account of both the personcentric characteristic of the entrepreneur and the entrepreneur’s ability to deal with uncertainty focused on answering the research question: How do entrepreneurs deal with deficient institutions in developing country innovation systems in order to introduce innovation? By considering the context of the Nigerian film industry innovation system, this thesis showed that entrepreneurs dealt with the deficient institutions by substituting them with informal institutions during their interactions with Nigerian actors, and with formal institutions that looked to be external to the Nigerian environment when interacting with international actors. In addition to this, the decision to use these institutions was seen to have been influenced by both the situations that the entrepreneurs faced and their personal experiences personal experiences. By showing this, the thesis contributed to the literature on innovation systems by providing a more nuanced understanding of institutions in comparison with what previously existed. Another contribution was the introduction of agency (through analytical focus on the entrepreneur) within innovation systems research.

No description available.

Yes / A party to arbitration has the right to challenge an award if the party so chooses. A challenge may seek to vacate (annul or set aside), suspend, or remit the award to the arbitrator due to an error on the face of the award or due to an injustice in its rendering. The scheme for challenging an award is a vital aspect of the arbitration process and serves as a safeguard against corruption, arbitrariness, and bias, while also providing a mechanism for balancing the arbitral process. What is more critical in the annulment scheme, however, is the courts’ attitude toward a challenge to an award.This article discussesthe policy issuesthat English courts weigh when considering whether to annul an award. Additionally, it examines the question of annulment of awards on legal grounds, using English case law to indicate the approach Nigerian courts may take when asked to annul an award on the basis that the arbitrator’s ruling on a legal point is clearly erroneous. It contends and concludes that Nigerian courts’ pragmatic attitude to annulment claims based on arbitrator’s misconduct and/or improper ordering of arbitral procedures or awards will increase the efficacy of international arbitration in Nigeria, just as it does in England.

Yes / Cancer is now the second-leading cause of mortality and morbidity, behind only heart disease, necessitating urgent development of (chemo)therapeutic interventions to stem the growing burden of cancer cases and cancer death. Plants represent a credible source of promising drug leads in this regard, with a long history of proven use in the indigenous treatment of cancer. This study therefore investigated Anacardium occidentale, one of the plants in a Nigerian Traditional Medicine formulation commonly used to manage cancerous diseases, for cytotoxic activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation, spectroscopy, Alamar blue fluorescence-based viability assay in cultured HeLa cells and microscopy were used. Four compounds: zoapatanolide A (1), agathisflavone (2), 1, 2-bis (2,6-dimethoxy-4-methoxybenzoyl) ethane (Anacardicin, 3) and methyl gallate (4) were isolated, with the most potent being zoapatanolide A with an IC50 value of 36.2 ± 9.8 μM in the viability assay. To gain an insight into the likely molecular basis of their observed cytotoxic effects, Autodock Vina binding free energies of each of the isolated compounds with seven molecular targets implicated in cancer development (MAPK8, MAPK10, MAP3K12, MAPK3, MAPK1, MAPK7 and VEGF), were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained with experimentally-determined IC50 in the Alamar blue viability assay. While these compounds were not as potent as a standard anti-cancer compound, doxorubicin, the results provide reasonable evidence that the plant species contains compounds with cytotoxic activity. This study provides some evidence of why this plant is used ethnobotanically in anti-cancer herbal formulations and justifies investigating Nigerian medicinal plants highlighted in recent ethno-botanical surveys. / This work was supported by a British Council Researcher Links Travel Grant 2013 to TBJ, a South Africa’s National Research Foundation (NRF) Grant No 98345, 2016 to FRVH and an academic staff funding provided to AAF by the School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, UK.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the job satisfaction among the faculty members of degree-granting colleges of education in Nigeria. The study was based on the six subsections of the Job Descriptive Index developed by Smith and associates: present work, pay, promotion, supervision, coworkers and job in general.

Nigeria, a former colony of Britain gained its independence on October l, 1960. Since the country's independence, it has experienced a prolonged military rule punctuated by short democratic regimes, but since 1999 it has managed to sustain a stable democratically elected government. Nigeria is a nation blessed with vast oil and other resources but the World Bank estimates that almost 70% of the Nigerian people live below the poverty level. A great potential for growth exits in this country of about 140 million people but there seems to be a missing wire needed to spark the fires of economic development. The Nigerian economic environment has not been very conducive to foreign direct investment due to problems with corruption and other obstacles to foreign investment. It is imperative that the financial sector be developed in Nigeria to provide a catalyst for a sustainable economic development in the country. While the banking sector should not be the only focus of a country's financial system, the banking sector has always been dominant in the Nigerian financial scene and evidence suggest that this will remain so at least until a capable capital-market can be developed to support it. This thesis seeks to analyze the critical role of banking in the economic development of Nigeria.