(in English): The present thesis titled Translation of francophone comics deals with the subject matter of comics translation, while applying both a theoretical and an empirical approach. Particular attention is paid especially to translations from French into Czech. Regarded the fact that Czech science has only scarcely studied the subject so far, the present thesis is conceived as a global introduction to the subject matter with particular focus on some of its partial aspects. The introduction to the theoretical part of the present study defines the main characteristic features of comics as a medium, as these features are closely linked to the particular challenges raised by its translations. The key chapters of the theoretical part go further to the core of the principal subject and focus on setting a general theoretical framework for translation analysis of specific problems linked with comics translations. The most common challenges faced by a comics translator are identified based on the defined characteristics of the Ninth Art and systemized in three main groups defined as technical, cultural and linguistic aspects of translation. While translating comics from French into Czech, the translator's work is also influenced by the radical differences in approaches to the Ninth Art in the Czech...

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour but d’étudier l’image d’Ernesto Che Guevara construite par le Neuvième art révélant ainsi les perceptions des auteurs, mais aussi celle de leur société. Notre corpus principal se compose de neuf œuvres provenant de divers horizons, Vida del Che de H. G. Oesterheld, A. et E. Breccia (1968) ; la trilogie de P. Muriana : CHE – Génesis, CHE – Cenit (1977) et CHE – Ocaso (1978) ; ABChé de Rius (1978) ; Libertad ! Che Guevara (2006) de M., J. F. Charles et Wozniak ; CHE de K. Yong-Hwe (2006) ; LE CHE – Une icône révolutionnaire de S. Rodriguez (2008) et EL CHE – La victoire ou la mort de G. Ramella et S. Cattaneo (2012). Notre travail d’analyse se divise en trois parties et postule que les bandes dessinées contribuent à l’élaboration d’un imaginaire guévariste en partageant plusieurs similitudes narratives et visuelles. Une première partie est consacrée à la présentation du corpus large et du sous-corpus afin de saisir les spécificités de chaque bande dessinée. Nous nous attachons ensuite à l’étude de la première phase ascendante du schéma actantiel héroïque de la naissance du guérillero à l’épiphanie héroïque. Enfin, notre dernière partie revient sur la phase descendante du schéma actantiel depuis la rupture jusqu’au devenir post mortem d’Ernesto Che Guevara. Les spécificités de chaque album apparaissent dans l’analyse du langage bédéïque qui modernise, de par son hybridité iconique et linguistique, la représentation d’Ernesto Che Guevara. Le Neuvième art s’inscrit ainsi dans la tradition de l’écriture de la vie du héros héritée de l’Antiquité et de la chrétienté, mais il interroge également l’écriture de l’Histoire. / This dissertation considers the representation of Ernesto Che Guevara as constructed by the Ninth Art, thus revealing the perceptions of the authors and the perception of their respective societies. Our main corpus is composed of nine works originating from diverse backgrounds, Vida del Che by H. G. Oesterheld, A. and E. Breccia (1968); P. Muriana’s trilogy : CHE – Génesis, CHE – Cenit (1977) and CHE – Ocaso (1978) ; ABChé by Rius (1978) ; Libertad ! Che Guevara (2006) by M., J. F. Charles and Wozniak ; CHE by K. Yong-Hwe (2006) ; LE CHE – Une icône révolutionnaire by S. Rodriguez (2008) and EL CHE – La victoire ou la mort by G. Ramella and S. Cattaneo (2012). Our analysis is divided into three parts and postulates that graphic novels contribute to the elaboration of a Guevarist imaginary by sharing several narrative and visual similarities. A first part is dedicated to the presentation of the large corpus and the secondary corpus in order to grasp the specificities of each graphic novel. Then we address the first phase of the upward heroic actantial model from the birth of the guerrillero to the heroic epiphany. To finish with, our last part tackles the downward phase of the actantial model from the break up to the post mortem process of becoming of Ernesto Che Guevara. Each album’s specificities appear in an analysis of the specific language at stake in the graphic novel, a language which, through its iconic and linguistic hybridity, modernizes the representation of Ernesto Che Guevara. Therefore, the Ninth Art is in line with the tradition of the writing of heroic lives, inherited from Antiquity and Christianity; the Ninth Art also delves into the writing of History.

En France, la bande dessinée est exposée dans des musées et des bibliothèques, ses dessins originaux sont vendus dans des galeries dédiées et par de prestigieuses maisons de ventes, mais est-elle pour autant réellement légitimée en tant qu'art au sein de ces champs ? Qui a initié et participe aujourd'hui à ce processus, et selon quelles stratégies ? Cette thèse s'attache à répondre à ces questions en mobilisant les concepts de champs et de légitimité développés par Pierre Bourdieu mais aussi par des emprunts théoriques et méthodologiques à différents sociologues de l'art comme Howard Becker, Serge Chaumier, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Nathalie Heinich, Bernard Lahire, Eric Maigret, Raymonde Moulin, ou Alain Quemin. En venant questionner les trois pôles que sont les artistes, les institutions et le marché, nous établissons un corpus d'évènements et de dessinateurs valorisés par ceux-ci, mais aussi des producteurs de ces évènements. En étudiant leurs déclarations et en allant à leur rencontre lors d'entretiens, nous analysons leurs motivations. Nous parvenons finalement à établir la relativité de la légitimation de la bande dessinée, tant en qualité qu'en nombre d'individus concernés. Malgré la mise en valeur d'un phénomène générationnel dans l'évolution du statut de la bande dessinée et de sa reconnaissance, nous concluons que l'acquisition d'une semi-légitimité (pour reprendre le mot de Jean-Louis Fabiani) du neuvième art est davantage d'un état de fait que d'un processus dynamique en cours d'évolution. / In France, museums and libraries exhibit comics, galleries devoted to them sell their original drawings and renowed art auction houses do too, but does it mean thereby that comics are truly legitimated as art within these fields ? Who initiated the process and today who keeps participating in it, and in doing so, according to which strategies ? This thesis seeks to answer these questions by gathering together the concepts of fields and legitimacy developed by Pierre Bourdieu but also by borrowing theories and methodologies from art socioloists such as Howard Becker, Serge Chaumier, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Nathalie Heinich, Bernard Lahire, Eric Maigret, Raymonde Moulin, or Alain Quemin. By questioning the three poles formed by the artists, the institutions and the art market, we have established a corpus of events, of strip cartoonists highlighted by these events and of the producers of these same events. By studying their declarations and by meeting them to interview them, we have analysed their motivations. We have finally come to establish the relativity of the legitimation of comics both for their quality and the number of the individuals concerned. Despite the fact that a generational phenomenon has been given prominence in the evolution of the status and the recognition of comics, we can conclude that the acquisition of a semi-legitimacy (to employ Jean-Louis Fabiani’s own word) by the ninth art is more of a fact than a dynamic process in development.