O tratamento ortodôntico, mesmo quando corretamente executado, pode causar alterações pulpares na forma de calcificações e reabsorções. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de reabsorção radicular e nódulos pulpares em três diferentes técnicas de movimentação ortodôntica: Técnica de Ricketts (G1 n=23), Straight Wire simplificada (G2 n=21) e Straight Wire prescrita pelo Dr. Leopoldino Capelozza (G3 n=26). Radiografias panorâmicas de setenta pacientes foram avaliadas, antes e após o término do tratamento ortodôntico, com o auxílio de negatoscópio e lupa de 4X. Avaliou-se a presença ou ausência de nódulos e o grau de reabsorção radicular: grau 1 (ausência ou reabsorção mínima); grau 2 (> que 1 mm e a 2 mm); grau 3 (entre 2 mm e 1/3 da raiz) e grau 4 (mais 1/3 da raiz). O resultado com relação ao número de nódulos pulpares foi em ordem decrescente: G1 (4/23) > G3 (3/26) > G2 (1/21), entretanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos ao nível de 5 %. Quanto às reabsorções, nenhum grupo apresentou grau 4. O grau 3 de reabsorção foi mais freqüente no G3 (3/26), seguido G3 (14/26) > G2 (7/21). Quanto ao Grau 1: G2 (14/21) > G3 (7/26) > G1 (5/23). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante ao nível de 5% quanto ao grau de reabsorções nas interações G1 X G2 e G2 X G3. Concluiu-se que a técnica ortodôntica empregada pode influenciar de forma significativa no aparecimento de nódulos pulpares e reabsorções radiculares. / Orthodontic treatment, even when properly performed, may cause pulp alterations as calcification and resorption. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of root resorption and pulp nodules in three different techniques of orthodontic treatment: Ricketts Technique (group 1-n=23), Plain Straight Wire (group 2-n=21) and Straight Wire (group 3-n=26). Previous Orthopantogram of seventy patients were analyzed and compared with post orthodontic treatment panoramic X-Ray, using a negatoscope and a 4 X magnifying lens. Presence or absence of nodules were observed, as well as the root resorption degree: first degree (minimum or absence of resorption); second degree (> than 1mm and 2mm); third degree (between 2 mm and 1/3 of the root) and fourth degree (more than 1/3 of the root). The results according with the numbers of pulp nodules were, in decreasing order: G1 (4/23) > G3 (3/26) > G2 (1/21), however, there were no statistic difference among the groups in the level of 5%. About resorption, no group had fourth degree of it, the third degree of resorption were the most frequent on G3 (3/26), followed by G1 (2/23). The second degree was, in decreasing order: G1 (16/23) > G3 (14/26) > G2 (7/21). For first degree: G2 (14/21) > G3 (7/26) > G1 (5/23). There were significant statistic difference (p<0,05) about the resorption on interactions G1 x G2 and G2 x G3. The study concluded that different orthodontic techniques may influence significantly on pulp nodules and root resorption developing.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13270号 / 論医博第2184号 / 新制||医||1038(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻 / (主査)教授 溝脇 尚志, 教授 平井 豊博, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22067号 / 工博第4648号 / 新制||工||1725(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 安田 秀幸, 教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 宇田 哲也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Growth of symbiotic legume hosts is P limited, because of the high energetic requirements associated with N2 fixation. Attempts to overcome P deficiency in soils where legumes are grown involve addition of P-based fertilisers. However, these are produced from fmite, non-renewable resources that could be exhausted in the next 50-80 years. For this and other prudent reasons, viable alternatives are sought that include producing genetically enhanced plants with better P use efficiency (PUE). There exist some inter- and intraspecific genetic variation for associated traits of PUE in various legumes and these will have to be exploited to realize the development of P efficient cultivars. With the advent of sophisticated molecular tools, good progress has been made to understand the molecular response of some common physiological and morphological functions observed under LP. The research aims here were to investigate the energy costs and the alternative metabolic routes associated with C and N metabolism under LP in legumes, which is very scant in literature. We also investigated the recovery responses of nodulated roots upon P alleviation. Consequently, improvement strategies to produce legume varieties for better adaptation in poor P soils are envisaged. We have demonstrated varying degrees of sensitivity between the amide and ureide legume systems being investigated under short-term LP. The species-specific responses were ascribed to differences related to the agro-climatic origins, nodule morphologies and the type of N containing export product of the different legume types. These different responses also underscore possible different regulatory mechanisms under LP. Lupins were probed further, because of its apparent tolerance to P deficiency. Lupin nodules had between 3 to 5-fold higher Pj concentrations compared with soybeans under LP and HP, respectively. The maintenance of Pj levels, as oppose to a decline in the total P pool, is discussed in relation to its role in maintaining N2 fixation in lupins. Under LP, an effective Pj recycling mechanism in nodules is proposed to occur via the induction of the PEPc- MDH-ME route. This route also enhanced the capacity of root nodules to procure high malate concentrations that are used to fuel bacteroid respiration and N2 fixation. Two distinctly different cMDH proteins, one corresponding to HP and another corresponding to LP, were identified. The high malate concentrations reported here are speculated to have arisen through LP-induced cMDH. Metabolically available Pj decline developed gradually as P deficiency progressed. This coincided with a 15% decline in the %Ndfa. Moreover, under prolonged P deficiency the disproportionate synthesis of organic acids, most notably malate, that occurred at the expense of amino acids was proposed to account for this decline. The recovery in response to alleviation from LP involved alterations in the allocation of respiratory costs to growth and nutrient acquisition. Under LP, smaller nodules were formed and nodule metabolism revolved around accentuating PUE. Thus, there is considerable potential for improvement of P efficiency in legumes through manipulation of root: shoot partitioning.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The tripartite symbiosis between Phaseolus vulgaris, arbuscular-mycorrhiza and the nodule bacteria, Rhizobia have been the focus of many studies ranging over a number of decades, however these studies have failed to answer certain questions relating the role of the symbionts in regard to host nutrition and the subsequent influence of these symbionts on the host C- economy. There is little doubt over the synergistic benefits involved in the dual inoculation of bean plants, as well as the resultant C-costs of maintaining the 2 symbionts, yet the specific contribution of the individual symbionts to the hosts overall nutrient and C-economy remain to be clarified. Thus the aim of this thesis is to help clarify these points by determining the symbiont induced photosynthetic, respiratory and nutritional changes taking place in the host. This was achieved by a series of experiments in which nodulated bean plants were split into two categories-those with and without AM colonized roots. These plants were then exposed to a range of growing conditions, including hi and low P, and a series of N treatments, ranging from zero N through to 3 mM NH/. Under these differing nutrient conditions growth, photosynthetic, respiratory, nutrient and amino acid responses were monitored, thus allowing for the determination of the symbionts influence on the host and the hosts reliance on the respective symbionts. Host reliance was noted most strongly under nutrient limiting conditions. Under low P treatment AM was the dominant symbiont as far as host C was concerned, allowing for the early establishment of the AM, thus ensuring the uptake of P for both host and nodule development. High P affected AM colonization to a greater extent than it did nodule dry weight and conversely the addition of N~ + led to a greater decrease in nodule dry weight than it did AM colonization. In spite of this decline, AM benefited the host by improving host N nutrition and relieving N-feedback inhibition of the export amino acid asparagine on BNF. These AM induced benefits did come at a cost to the host though, the dual inoculated plants had higher below ground respiratory costs and subsequently higher photosynthetic rates to compensate for the increased demand for C. The higher photosynthetic rates associated with dual inoculation were as a result of symbiont induced sink stimulation and not due to the improved nutrition of the host, as shown by the photosynthetic and nutrient response ratios. However, the respiratory costs associated with the uptake of soil nutrients were lower in AM colonized roots, thus showing an increased efficiency in nutrient gain by AM colonized roots. This improvement in host N nutrition as a result of AM colonization, coupled with the lower respiratory costs of AM nutrition led to the conclusion that under certain growing conditions nodules can become redundant and possibly parasitic.

Purpose: This study examined voice onset time (VOT) in children with and without vocal fold nodules (VFN). The purpose of this study was to provide further evidence regarding the need for individualized research and treatment dedicated to the pediatric population. The pediatric population has a distinctly different laryngeal mechanism than adults, as they are still developing. Although the pediatric system is anatomically different from that of a fully mature adult system, treatment for children with VFN is largely based on adult research. This study examined the VOTs of voiceless consonants, as the transition from the voiceless consonant to the subsequent vowel requires significant vocal and articulatory control and coordination. Measures of VOT change throughout the maturation as VOT follows a significant developmental pattern. Children with and without VFN were enlisted in order to examine the effects VFN have on VOT. Hypotheses: We hypothesize that children with VFN would have differences in 1) average VOT values compared to the control group, with no prediction for direction of difference (shorter and longer), and 2) between-word variability of VOT values compared to the control group, with no prediction for direction of difference (more variable and less variable). Methods: Participant data were retrospectively collected and included children between 6 and 12 years old with VFN and age- and sex-matched controls. Participants were recorded producing the six CAPE-V sentences. Four voiceless consonants were selected for VOT analysis. Praat was utilized to manually mark the vocal onset of the stop consonant by the current researcher. A previous researcher identified the vocal offset, and each placement was confirmed by the current researcher. VOT was calculated as the time between the stop consonant burst and the vocal onset of the vowel. Results: There was no significant difference between the VFN and the control groups in average VOT or VOT variability. Within the VFN group, participants who were more dysphonic (lower cepstral peak prominence (CPP) values) had more variable VOT values. Participants in the VFN group had lower CPP values than the control group, suggesting that CPP measures are a reliable indicator of dysphonia. Additionally, within the VFN group, male children had lower CPP values than female children. Conclusion: Although no group difference was found, the within-group analyses indicated that VFNs impacted productions. Children with VFN who were more dysphonic had increased VOT variability. This may suggest that VFN impact a child’s ability to phonate therefore causing more variability within productions. Future research is needed to study the impact dysphonia treatment for children with VFN may have on VOT values. Additionally, a longitudinal study of the impact of VFNs on VOT values during developmental stages may be warranted. / Public Health

This study examined the differences between normal vocal fold vibration and the movement patterns of vocal folds with mass lesions by means of a synthetic model. The experimenter molded and cast three sets of vocal folds, representing normal structure, small nodules, and larger nodules. Acoustic, aerodynamic, and digital video signals were recorded and analyzed in order to quantify air flow and pressure, measure vibratory stability, and visually assess closure patterns across the three structural conditions. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of vocal nodules resulted in a significantly higher onset pressure, fundamental frequency, airflow at onset, and offset pressure. However, the results were inconclusive with regard to vocal stability, and it remains unclear whether the current models of nodules are sufficiently similar to the human system to adequately model the type of mass lesions typically seen in a clinical context.

Lung cancer currently has the greatest mortality rate of cancer patients of all sexes in the United States (Torre et al., 2016). Low-dose CT scans are utilized for lung cancer screening in patients who fall within the NLST entry criteria (Sanchez-Salcedo et al., 2015). The original criteria for screening were age over 55 and pack-year over 30, which were recently changed to age 50 and pack-year over 20 in 2021. The study population in this paper utilized the original criteria. A system developed and copyrighted by the American College of Radiology (ACR) referred to as the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) has implemented a standardized method of classifying and interpreting lung cancer chest CT screening results. Lung-RADS has a scoring system which is scaled 1 – 4x (Pinsky et al., 2015) The likelihood of malignancy based on nodule appearance, diameter, and presence of growth comprise the components of which score is given (Chung et al., 2017). Lung-RADS 2 scored nodules are benign nodules and patients follow up for another CT in a year. Lung-RADS 3 nodules are probably benign nodules; however, they do have a low-risk of malignancy. It is known that a select few of these relatively benign appearing nodules will turn out to be malignant. Lung-RADS 4 nodules have a >5% chance of malignancy and can be confirmed through pathology. In this project, a retrospective chart review analyzing patient demographics and pulmonary health history will be correlated to lung-RADS risk likelihood of malignancy. Machine learning will also be utilized to study and analyze radiographic factors associated with the sample. The CT scans of patients who previously scored in an intermediate category will be compiled and analyzed to determine potential common demographical, clinical and radiomic factors which will hopefully allow intermediately categorized nodule indicators to be used to detect cancers earlier and to more accurately classify lesions into benign or malignant categories. In all, the goal of this research is to determine common clinical, demographic and radiomic factors of patients who were deemed intermediate risk and then progressed to a higher categorization. The importance of expanding current risk factors for discrimination of benign from malignant will also be analyzed, along with those specific risk-factors within Lung-RADS intermediately categorized nodules. The characteristics and baseline co-morbidities of RADS 2 and 3 lung cancer patients by follow-up CT results, progression to RADS-4 on follow-up CT and lung cancer diagnosis will be compiled and exemplified.

The theory of the scattering of plane waves in a fluid medium by an isotropic elastic sphere representing a manganese nodule is developed. Scattering cross sections were computed using the theory and the results are presented graphically. The scattering cross section and the reflectivity factor govern the characteristic acoustic signature of the Pacific where manganese nodules are present. Preliminary experimental data for the compressional and shear wave speeds in nodule material is given. This data was used in the scattering computations. Limiting cases of Rayleigh scattering and scattering from fixed rigid and fluid spheres are also shown for comparison. It is shown that the rigidity of the nodules dominates the high frequency response. The problem of the multiple scattering of acoustic waves by randomly distributed nodules on the flat ocean bottom is investigated analytically. The statistical description of nodule deposits is given. The concept of the configurational average is introduced in order to obtain the average scattered response. The size averaging is found to be able to smooth the acoustic response in the high frequency region. The plane wave analysis for the multiple scattering problem is justified by the narrow beam investigation. It shows that the beam effect on the average backscattered field can be neglected in the remote sensing. For a planar distribution of nodules, the average scattered field excited by a normally incident plane wave is verified to be plane waves characterized by coherent reflection and transmission coefficients. The multiple scattering effect is found to be a higher order correction to the average scattered field. For a sparse distribution of nodules, the average scattered field can be well evaluated using the single scattering theory in which the scattering process is also shown to be energy conserved. For a dense distribution of nodules, the radial distribution function is used in the Foldy-Lax hierarchy. The result shows that the pair correlation affects the phase of the second order correction term in the expression for the average scattered field when the higher order statistics are truncated using the quasi crystalline approximation. / Ph. D.

Orientador: Regina Helena Garcia Martins / Resumo: Objetivo: Estudar a evolução dos nódulos vocais em crianças nas diversas modalidades de tratamentos: fonoterapia, expectante e cirurgia. Casuística e métodos: Coorte longitudinal prospectivo. Foram incluídas 30 crianças (7a 12 anos) com nódulos vocais atendidas entre 2013 a 2018, avaliadas nos momentos: M1 (caso novo), M2 (retorno um ano), M3 (retorno dois anos). Parâmetros estudados: questionário de qualidade de vida em voz pediátrico (QVV-Pediátrico); videolaringoscopia; análise vocal perceptivo-auditiva (escala GRBASI), análise vocal acústica (software MDVP), cálculo do tempo máximo de fonação (TMF) e da relação s/z. Em M1, todas as crianças foram encaminhadas à fonoterapia após o diagnóstico; em M2, casos de insucesso após um ano de fonoterapia ou piora dos sintomas foram encaminhados à microcirurgia. Em M3 (após dois anos), todas as crianças foram convocadas para as reavaliações. Ao final da coleta, as crianças foram inseridas em três tipos de tratamentos: G1-fonoterapia (n-15); G2- expectante (n-7); G3-cirurgia (n-8). Resultados: houve predomínio dos meninos. Os escores QVVP, GRBASI e análise acústica apresentaram melhora nos momentos finais (M3), especialmente no grupo fonoterapia, seguido pelo grupo cirurgia. Videolaringoscopias: houve melhora completa e parcial das lesões, respectivamente, no grupo fonoterapia (86,6% e 13,3%), cirurgia (62,5% e 37,5%) e expectante (42,8% e 33%). Apenas uma criança do grupo expectante não apresentou melhora das lesões (14,28%). Conclu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: To study the evolution of vocal nodules in children in the many modalities of treatment: voice therapy, expectant and surgery. Casuistry and methods: Longitudinal prospective cohort. Were included 30 children (7 to 12 years) with vocal nodules attended between 2013 to 2018, evaluated in the moments: M1 (first evaluation), M2 (follow up of one year), M3 (follow up of two years). Studied parameters: Pediatric Voice-Related Quality-of-Life (VR-QOL-P); videolaryngoscopy; perceptive-auditory vocal analysis (GRBASI scale), acoustic vocal analysis (software MDVP), maximum phonation time calculation (TMF) and of the s/z ratio. In M1, all were forwarded to voice therapy after diagnosis; in M2, unsuccessful cases after one year of voice therapy were forwarded to microsurgery. Cases of worsening of the voice or doubts in the diagnosis were forwarded to direct laryngoscopy. In M3 (after two years), all children were invited for re-evaluation and were distributed in three conduct groups: the voice therapy group (n=15); expectant group (n=7); and surgery group (n=8). Results: There has been a predominance of boys. The VR-QOL-P, GRBASI and acoustic analysis scores showed improvement in the final moments (M3), being more evident in the voice therapy group, followed by the surgery group. Videolaryngoscopy showed complete and partial improvement of the lesions, respectively, in the voice therapy group (86,6% and 13,3%), surgery (62,5% and 37,5%) and expectant (42,8% and 33%). Only t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor