This study looks at one hundred cases of siblicide committed across the United States. Cases are analyzed for criminality patterns which are used by the author to determine offender typologies. The goal of this research is to determine why this type of crime is committed, this question is answered by analyzing offenders and the crimes themselves. This research is important because this type of crime dates back to biblical times with the story of Cane and Able, and it has remained a problem within society. Though this type of crime has been investigated in the past it is necessary to reanalyze similar crimes to remain current on data, over time society changes and with it so does the method and rational for crime. By analyzing crimes of this nature and identifying typologies it will begin to paint a picture of why such crimes occur and can assist those who investigate similar crimes today. To conduct this research one hundred cases of siblicide were collected from across the United States in qualitative form. These cases were found online from reputable news sources that reported on them. They were then compiled into a grid and broken down by date, state, ethnicity and age of offenders and victims. The grid also contains data on weapon used, rational for killing, and a description of the crime that occurred. After the cases were collected, the author picked through the details and began to identify patterns within the cases. From these cases typologies can be created based on similar patterns between the cases. Once typologies are made the data is looked at through a theoretical lens using strain theory to determine if stress could potentially be a leading cause in this crime. The data compiled for this research is still being examined and a conclusion has not yet been made, though the author does expect to see a high level of stressors for those who commit this type of crime. This is expected due to the displacement that can occur with the presence of a sibling. It is expected that in a number of cases factors such as conflict, jealousy and financial stress will be the root cause of the violence that occurs. As for cases of younger children involved in cases the author expects to see a high level of accidental shootings paired with parental neglect. In conclusion this research will shed more light on a crime that has been occurring for thousands of years, and will allow one to understand siblicide in a modern context, by discussing why and how it occurs in today’s society. If it is found that stressor are not the predominant cause of this type of crime it would mean that there is a separate issue to address within this type of crime, and this research would help to identify what it is that truly causes siblicide to occur.

Structure and development of criminality in the Czech Republic - abstract (Key words: criminality, structure, development) This master's thesis deals with the structure and development of crime in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the description of the current state of criminality and its distribution around the country. The main goal of this thesis is to map and describe the structure of criminality in the Czech Republic and its development in the last 20 years with the use of statistical data from the Czech Police and yearbooks of The Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention, a Czech research organization. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the concept of criminality and the basic criminology terms, which are used to describe and research criminality, such as quantitative and qualitative indicators of criminality used to gain information about the current condition of criminality. References to the sources of criminality information are also an inseparable part of the first part of this thesis. The second part covers in detail the condition of crime between the years 2019 and 2020 and describes the most frequent and most significant crimes committed in the concerned period. It also contains the description of the legislative and socioeconomic changes that...

Development and structure of crime in the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis analyses the development and structure of criminality in the Czech Republic in the period 2009 - 2018. The main source of information for this thesis are the statistics of Police of the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to analyse current distribution of criminality, its development and to find out its driving forces. The thesis consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, the basic terminology is defined; especially the terms defining main properties of criminality, information sources on criminality and the issues of credibility of statistical data. In the second chapter, the structure of criminality in the Czech Republic in 2018 is analysed. A general overview is presented here, followed by analysis of various types of criminality. Information on criminality are analysed from the perspective of the criminality extent, its clear-up rate, geographical distribution, person of the perpetrator and extent of damage. In the third chapter, the development of criminality in the Czech Republic in the period 2009 - 2018 is examined. The data are analysed in a similar way (as the data in the chapter two). Last but not least there are mentioned some selected specific values, which have been commented separately. The thesis...

This article considers forensic anthropologists’ roles in negotiating the concept of criminality in biohistorical cases, those investigations of the famous and infamous dead that are driven by public interest rather than traditional medicolegal relevance. We review three biohistorical cases from the United States: the purported skull of a martyred Catholic priest from sixteenth century Georgia, the Mountain Meadows Massacre that occurred in Utah in the mid-nineteenth century, and the search for Billy the Kid’s grave in New Mexico. We find that anthropologists have active and passive roles in the manufacture, assignment, and sometimes denial of criminality in these cases. Additionally we explore how the analysis and discussion of violence in these biohistorical cases reflects two concepts that are distinctive to United States’ history, notably manifest destiny and the idea of closure in historical narratives. The perception that the present order is a natural culmination of history, and that the past is truly past underestimates the relevance and impact of labelling past personages as criminals to contemporary culture. As a result, forensic anthropologists’ negotiation of criminality in U.S. biohistorical cases is fraught with nebulous ethical challenges and tangible consequences.

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This Master's Thesis examines the issue of criminal law in the Czech road traffic sector and crime prevention. The Thesis tackles the basic concepts of traffic law and traffic accidents, which are the most visible results of traffic offenses, that cause damage to life, health and property. The problem of traffic accidents is their unpredictability, as no driver wants to cause them voluntarily. However, these are often the result of the driver's own behaviour. The Thesis offers a new approach to the issue of traffic accidents where the most common cause of accidents is the violation of traffic regulation. In my assessment, the driver's distraction, recklessness towards other drivers and a poor driving technique figures among the key factors. This statement is proved by an analysis of existing accident statistics and their comparison with the drivers' actual behaviour. The highest number of criminal offenses, such as manslaughter, personal injury or property damage is linked to the consequences of traffic accidents. These offenses are committed in most cases by gross negligence. The second group of criminal offenses consists of intentional crimes, which encompasses especially endangerment while intoxicated and justice obstruction, caused in most of the cases by driving a motor vehicle without being in hold of...

The aim of this study was to reach an increased understanding about how the changing process with regards to criminality and violent behaviour of men may look like. The questions on these issues were: (1) How do three men describe the changing process of their life manner from violence and criminality into non violence and non criminal way of life? (2) How do three professionals from the probation service describe the life changing process of men from violence and criminality into non violence and non criminal way of life? Our research study was thoroughly done based on a qualitative approach method, interviewing six individuals by following the theme focused interview guidelines. Three men with previous violence and crime records, actors, and three professionals working in the probation service, observers, were interviewed and the selection was intended to highlight the problem from two angles. The interviews were analyzed through social psychology and pattern which describes the process of changes. The results showed that the changing process from violence and criminality is complex and there are indeed several factors likewise major cause such as important circumstances, supporter and mentor, altered self-image and motivation was of great importance. The results correspond with previous research.

The main purpose of the thesis is a specification of so called COMPUTER or so called CYBERNETIC CRIMINALITY. The term itself could be defined in a restricted as well as in an extensive way. This thesis attempts to achieve a medium definition reflecting both these extremes. The thesis is divided into five chapters. Each chapter describes particular group of wrongful conducts. The crucial criteria for cathegorizing are similar features common to all these types of wrongful conduct. Each wrongful conduct is characterized by a detailed description of particular offense, its standard course and its legal assessment in accordance with the Criminal Act No. 40/2009 Collection of Laws, as amended by furher legislation. The first chapter deals with offences against computers and computer systems - in other words, offences against the data stored within the system or transmitted inside them. It mainly focuses on unauthorized and illegal interventions into data integrity, unauthorized and illegal penetrations into computer systems and attempts to restrict the availability of computer systems for particular time periods. The second chapter deals with fraudulent behaviour in the cyberspace which aims at bringing about damage to their victims and attempts to enrich on their credit. Each subchapter thoroughly...

Este trabalho estima o efeito da polarização de renda sobre os índices de criminalidade para avaliar se a polarização é mais relevante que as medidas de desigualdade tradicionais na explicação da criminalidade. Para o cálculo da polarização foi utilizada a medida proposta por Duclos et al. (2004). Foram estimados modelos com dados de corte transversal e em painel, utilizando dados dos municípios paulistas, empregando-se modelos de auto-correlação espacial e System GMM. A principal conclusão deste trabalho é que a medida de polarização de renda tem efeito positivo e significativo sobre a taxa de crimes contra o patrimônio, assim como esperado inicialmente. Este resultado é robusto a alterações no peso do sentimento de identificação entre os indivíduos, α, e aos diferentes métodos econométricos e variáveis de renda utilizadas para calcular as medidas de desigualdade. / This paper estimates the effect of polarization of income on crime rates to assessing whether the polarization is more relevant than traditional measures of inequality in the explanation of crime. To calculate the polarization was used to measure proposed by Duclos et al. (2004). Models were estimated with cross-sectional and panel datas using models of spatial autocorrelation and System GMM. The main conclusion of this study is that the measure of income polarization has positive and significant effect on the rate of property crimes, as originally hoped. This result is robust to weight changes the feeling of identification among individuals, α, and different econometric methods and income variables used for calculate measures of inequality.

Concebo territórios conflagrados em sua particularidade jurídica, isto é, localidades urbanas de monopólio e prevalência do ordenamento jurídico criminal, transversalizadas pela ordem jurídica estatal. Por meio de relatos de biografias profissionais de diretores(as) escolares que atuam em tais contextos de pluralismo jurídico, este estudo responde ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: Quais são os efeitos da difusão dos mecanismos de poder do crime organizado no universo das escolas públicas para a cultura profissional dos(as) diretores(as) escolares?. Priorizei a respeito a seguinte hipótese: A difusão dos mecanismos de poder do crime organizado no universo dos estabelecimentos públicos de ensino suscita a emergência de um ethos específico e revela uma cultura de gestão escolar marginal preexistente, oral, ambivalente, acêntrica, produzida e reengendrada nas práticas anônimas dos(as) diretores(as) de escolas públicas as quais ressignificam e matizam a identidade e a cultura profissional dos diretores(as) de escolas públicas. A pesquisa confirmou essa hipótese inicial; entretanto, identificou mais dois efeitos primários. A saber: o fenômeno do poder adstrito das autoridades escolares em relação às autoridades do poder criminal instalado no lugar e o medo como critério para a tomada de decisões profissionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever a gestão atual de escolas públicas situadas em áreas urbanas de São Paulo, capital, as quais se constituem epicentros mercadológicos da economia capitalista criminal em ascensão no mundo. / I understand conflicted territories in their legal particularity, that is, urban locations marked by monopoly and prevalence of a criminal legal order, transversed by the state legal order. Through the narration of professional biographies of school principals working in such contexts of legal pluralism, this study responds to the following research problem: What are the effects of the spread of organized crimes power mechanisms in the universe of public schools, for the professional culture of school principals? I focused the following hypothesis: The spread of organized crimes power mechanisms in the universe of public education institutions provokes the emergence of a specific ethos and reveals a preexisting, marginal schoolmanagement culture that is ambivalent, oral and acentric, produced and reforged in the anonymous practices of public school principals. Those practices re-signify and give nuance to the identity and professional culture of public school principals. The research confirmed that initial hypothesis. However, two more primary effects were identified. These are: the phenomenon of the restricted power held by school authorities before the authorities of the criminal power installed in the area; and fear as a criterion for professional decision-making. The objective of this research was to describe the current management of public schools located in urban areas of São Paulo city which are market epicenters of the criminal capitalist economy on the rise in the world.