Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09247.pdf: 4937789 bytes, checksum: 5b8fd693e620f9b98224e5ae5b5dcc07 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06882.pdf: 5110355 bytes, checksum: 668c71c778c1cbf8aaae51261934b794 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AngelicaNSB_DISSERT.pdf: 1338849 bytes, checksum: e892c51257539cf2057935e233971d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Many prey organisms change their phenotype to reduce the predation risk. However, such changes are associated with trade-offs, and can have negative effects on prey growth or reproduction. Understand how preys assess the predation risk is essential to evaluate the adaptive value of predator-induced phenotypic and its ecological consequences. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to test: i) if growth and stoichiometry of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles is altered in response to giant water bug presence (Belostoma spp.); ii) if these responses depend on tadpoles density in environment. Here, we show that tadpoles growth and stoichiometry are not changed by predator presence, neither in low nor in high densities. Our results suggest that tadpoles exposed to predation risk regulate their physiology to preserve the elemental stoichiometric homeostase of their body and excretion. Further, point out to need for future studies that elucidate under what conditions growth and stoichiometry are changed in response to predation risk / Muitos organismos alteram o seu fen?tipo para reduzir o risco de preda??o. No entanto, tais modifica??es est?o associadas a trade-offs, que podem ter efeitos negativos sobre o crescimento e a reprodu??o destes organismos. Compreender como as presas avaliam o risco de preda??o ? fundamental para avaliar o valor adaptativo das mudan?as fenot?picas induzidas pelo predador e suas consequ?ncias ecol?gicas. Neste estudo n?s realizamos um experimento em mesocosmo para testar: i) se o crescimento e a estequiometria dos girinos da esp?cie Lithobates catesbeianus ? alterado em resposta a presen?a de baratas d ?gua predadoras (Belostoma spp.); ii) se estas respostas dependem da densidade de girinos no ambiente. Aqui n?s mostramos que os girinos n?o t?m o seu crescimento nem a sua estequiometria afetada pela presen?a do predador, esteja os girinos em baixas ou em altas densidades. Nossos resultados indicam que os girinos expostos ao risco de preda??o regularam sua fisiologia a fim de preservar a homeostase estequiom?trica do seu corpo e excretas. Al?m disso, aponta a necessidade de experimentos que elucidem em que condi??es o crescimento e a estequiometria de girinos s?o modificados em resposta ao risco de preda??o

ABSTRACT Toxicology and Health Aspects of Non-lethal Chemical Weapons. Non-lethal chemical weapons, which belong among the mass destruction weapons, have been one of the most frequently discussed topics recently. These weapons are able to disbar manpower or combat technology and weapons smartly and temporarily with minimum costs. The range of possible application of chemical weapons as non-lethal is probably wider compared to any other type, and there are a lot of means capable of immediate wide application nowadays. The possibility to produce highly efficient psychotropic substances with controllable action time, human immobilizing substances is particularly pointed out. The main aim of my work is to clarify the importance of non-lethal chemical weapons as possible means of suppressing inner turmoil and to find the extent of knowledge of non-lethal chemical weapons among the informed and the general public by means of obtained answers and follow-up research, then to confirm hypotheses that the informed public consider non-lethal chemical weapons to be combat means and weapon systems intended for temporary putting people out of combat or other intentional activity; that the general public perceive non-lethal chemical weapons as health endangering substances and have only limited information about them, by means of selected statistical methods. I chose questionnaire survey to examine awareness of the general and informed public of this matter. The statistic sets in both the groups consist of a hundred respondents from the city of České Budějovice. Stratified selection was performed for both the examined sets upon consultation with a member of the Fire Brigade in České Budějovice. In terms of threat to the population it is important to ensure its safety, namely upon the knowledge among the units of the Integrated Emergency System intervening in the instance of terroristic attack.

Pyelonefrit är en inflammation i njurarna och undersökningen som främst används vid utredning är dimerkaptosuccinat (DMSA)-scintigrafi. Pyelonefrit drabbar framförallt barn och risk finns för njurparenkymskador. Syftet med studien var att utreda om DMSA-scintigrafi efter pyelonefrit hos barn är berättigad. Detta granskades genom att beräkna den generella risken för cancer, specifika riskökningen för njurparenkymcancer, antal upptäckta njurparenkymskador och eventuella könsskillnader. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes upp via sökmotorn PRIMO. Metoden var retrospektiv med kvantitativ ansats där materialet bestod av svarsutlåtanden från DMSA-scintigrafier på barn 0-2 år med frågeställning njurparenkymskador efter pyelonefrit. Urvalet bestod av 91 barn; 52 flickor och 39 pojkar varav 16 stycken exkluderades. Av de studerade 75 barnen hade sex (8 %) njurparenkymskador, med medelålder på 9,2 månader, och det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kön och njurparenkymskada (p=0,246). Medelvärdet på given aktivitet gav en effektiv medeldos på 0,69 mSv. Den generella riskökningen vid en DMSA-scintigrafi blev 0,01-0,014 och 0,00019 för njurparenkymcancer. Trots att relativt få barn drabbas av njurparenkymskador, finns ändå risk att drabbas av komplikationer från skadan. Skadorna är därför viktiga att upptäcka. Riskökningen för cancerutveckling och njurparenkymcancer efter DMSA-scintigrafi är mycket låg. Nyttan (att upptäcka njurparenkymskadorna) överväger risken (strålningen), vilket gör DMSA-scintigrafin till en berättigad undersökningsmetod. / A dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is used to test for pyelonephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys with risk of renal scarring. Aiming to investigate if DMSA scan after pyelonephritis in children is justified, we calculated the general cancer risk, the specific increased renal cancer risk, the number of discovered renal scarring and potential differences between the sexes. The method was retrospective and quantitative and data was based on results from DMSA scans of children aged 0-2 years. From the original set of 91 children (52 girls, 39 boys), 16 were excluded. Of the remaining 75, six (8 %) had renal scarring; with an average age of 9,2 months, and there was no significant difference between sex and renal parenchymal damage (p=0,0246). The mean activity from a DMSA scan equaled an effective dose of 0.69 mSv, with general cancer versus renal cancer risk being 0.01-0.014 and 0.00019, respectively. Even though only a few children develop renal scarring, there is still a risk of complications. Renal scarring is therefore important to discover. The increased risk for cancer and renal cancer after a DMSA scan is low. The benefits (discovering renal scarring) are greater than the risk (radiation), making the DMSA scan justified.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-30T12:44:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange Maria de Franca.pdf: 508760 bytes, checksum: daf7b92b1d8c33b9a4b65c6ecc2d847b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T12:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange Maria de Franca.pdf: 508760 bytes, checksum: daf7b92b1d8c33b9a4b65c6ecc2d847b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Among the pests that attack tomato, to the tomato fruit borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is responsible for significant losses in productivity. It’s control is usually done by excessive insecticide applications. Thus, researches with new tactics that aims to reduce pesticides use are essential to better manage this pest. The present study evaluated the ovicide effect, oviposition preference, food preference, threshold of food intake, and toxic effect of insecticides associated with attractive food sources, seeking the control of N. elegantalis. The LCs50 for N. elegantalis eggs varied from 0.029 to 4.19% according to the following sequence of decreasing toxicity: deltametrin > NeemPro > Natunem® > Neemseto®. According to the toxicity rate, deltametrin was 144 times more toxic than Neemseto ®. The highest and lowest deterrence was obtained for Natuneem® and deltametrin, respectively. Thus, sucrose, molasses, honey and orange juice were selected to determine the threshold concentrationcapable of stimulating feeding of N. elegantalis adults. Sucrose and honey were the most attractive food sources, regarding the number of lands, landing time, and feeding time of adults of N. elegantalis. In contrast, only sucrose showed a positive correlation among the tested concentrations, the landing time, and the feeding time of adults and males. The toxic effect of insecticides associated with honey 10% was also tested. The insecticides did not affect negativelythe attraction of N. elegantalis adults. Carbaryl, cartap, deltamethrin, fenpropatrina, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, and lufenuron caused 100% mortality in males and females and adults of N. elegantalis, after 24h exposure, suggesting that they are promising for using in toxic baits. / Dentre as pragas que infestam a cultura do tomateiro, destaca-se a broca-pequena, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), responsável por perdas significativas na produtividade. Seu controle é feito, comumente, com aplicações excessivas de inseticidas. Assim, pesquisas visando reduzir o uso de agrotóxicos são essenciais para o manejo mais adequado dessa praga. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o efeito ovicida, a preferência para a postura, a preferência alimentar, o limiar de ingestão e o efeito tóxico de inseticidas associados a atraentes, visando o controle de N. elegantalis. As concentrações letais (CL50s) dos inseticidas para ovos de N. elegantalis variaram de 0,029 a 4,19%, obedecendo à seguinte ordem decrescente de toxicidade: deltametrina > NeemPro > Natunem® > Neemseto®. De acordo com razão de toxicidade, deltametrina foi 144 vezes mais tóxico, em relação a Neemseto®. A maior e menor deterrência de oviposição de N. elegantalis foram obtidas, respectivamente, por Natuneem® edeltametrina. Foram selecionados os atraentes sacarose, melado, mel e suco de laranja, visando determinar o limiar de concentração capaz de estimular a alimentação de adultos de N. elegantalis. A sacarose e o mel apresentaram o melhor desempenho, em relação ao número e tempo de pouso e à alimentação de adultos de N. elegantalis. No entanto, apenas sacarose apresentou correlação positiva entre as concentrações testadas e o pouso e a alimentação deadultos e machos. O efeito tóxico de inseticidas associados ao mel a 10% também foi testado. Os inseticidas não afetaram negativamente a atração de adultos de N. elegantalis. Carbaril, cartape, deltametrina, fenpropatrina, indoxacarbe, lambda-cialotrina e lufenurom causaram 100% de mortalidade em adultos, machos e fêmeas de N. elegantalis, após 24 h de exposição, mostrando-se promissores para o uso em iscas tóxicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09247.pdf: 4937789 bytes, checksum: 5b8fd693e620f9b98224e5ae5b5dcc07 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihidroxiestilbeno), um polifenol pertencente ao grupo de compostos denominados fitoalexinas, é sintetizado por uma ampla variedade de plantas, tais como as videiras, em resposta a infecções fúngicas e a exposição à radiação UV. Nos vinhos este composto está presente em elevadas concentrações, sendo considerado um dos constituintes com maior potencial antioxidante. Esta elevada capacidade de absorver os radicais livres presentes em diversos processos biológicos permite ao resveratrol previnir doenças cardiovasculares e diversos tipos de câncer. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar in vitro o efeito radioprotetor do resveratrol em cultura celular com auxílio dos testes de citotoxicidade do resveratrol (IC50%) e da dose letal 50% da radiação gama (DL50). Os estudos in vitro do nível de toxicidade do resveratrol, verificado pelo ensaio de citotoxicidade utilizando-se o método de incorporação do vermelho neutro, e da determinação da dose letal 50% (DL50) da radiação gama, oriunda de uma fonte de Cobalto-60 (Co-60), foram realizados em cultura de células da linhagem NCTC Clone 929 da ATCC. O IC50% do resveratrol foi de aproximadamente 50 M/L. A DL50 da radiação gama apresentou um valor de aproximadamente 354 Gy. Baseando-se nestes resultados biológicos foram realizados estudos do efeito radioprotetor do resveratrol nas mesmas condições experimentais, constatando-se que o resveratrol nas concentrações entre 12,5 M/L e 25 M/L apresentou um efeito radioprotetor mais acentuado. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 06882.pdf: 5110355 bytes, checksum: 668c71c778c1cbf8aaae51261934b794 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP