This diploma thesis is specialized on problems of electrical energy accumulation from renewable resources. This renewable resources used in Czech Republic are described in the first part. Next, in the second chapter is identification with principles of electrical energy accumulation. In the third part, there is a proposal of electrical energy accumulation system which makes a supply of electrical energy from photovoltaic system by the help of accumulation system in compressed air equally. In the final part, there is a total analysis of technical economic aspect for proposed system.

The diploma thesis is focused on problem of accumulating electric energy from renewable resources. The first section describes renewable energy sources, which are possible to use in the Czech Republic and principles of accumulating electric energy. In the following section are suggested systems of accumulating energy to accumulators by compressed air and pumped storage power station. These systems are proposed for uniform power supply from photovoltaic power station to electric power network all day. In conclusion, the suggested systems are compared from economic-technical perspective.

In this thesis I deal with problem of power acumulation from renewable energy sources. First part present the available technologies used for power accumulation. In the second part is designed the systém of acumulation in compressed air with a transformation electric output 1 MW, when is used made elektricity from wind-power plant. In the third part is an assessment in terms of both technical and economic comparison with the use of electicity from the network.

This diploma thesis introduces the reader to the possible types of electric energy storage technologies, their comparisons and utilization. After its introduction, it follows the description of individual technologies and principles that are currently meaningful and useful in practice. The thesis continues with the part characterizing the ways of using the accumulation in the grid. However, the main points of this thesis include the analysis of the influence of the photovoltaic installation on the specified distribution grid operation at the low voltage level and the analysis of the influence on the grid with connected accumulation. Another important objective was the model for the calculation of steady-state, which was programmed on the basis of the theory supported by the principles of production from intermittent sources and the principle of accumulation function. The outputs of the model in the form of the calculated voltage ratios at the individual supply points and current flows at the distribution transformer point were used to evaluate the analyzes mentioned above. The courses of the calculated parameters are broken down by different scenarios (according to the period, the degree of integration of production and the accumulation or the power output of the production), graphically processed and compared from the point of view of voltage fluctuations and changes in the power (or current) balance of the supply transformer.

Cette thèse étudie les phénomènes de concentration préférentielle et de sédimentation de particules inertielles transportées dans un écoulement turbulent. Pour cela, des expériences ont été menées en soufflerie dans une turbulence engendrée en aval d’une grille active et ensemencée avec des gouttelettes d'eau. La concentration préférentielle se manifeste par la ségrégation spatiale des particules qui bien qu’initialement ensemencée de façon homogène, tendent à se regrouper en amas, laissant en déplétion d’autres zones de l’écoulement. Un effort particulier a été consacré à séparer les mécanismes liés à l’inertie des particules, à la turbulence et aux effets collectifs impactant la formation des amas et modifiant la vitesse de sédimentation des particules. Quatre principaux paramètres non-dimensionnels ont été variés afin d’établir le rôle spécifique de chacun d’entre eux sur les processus de concentration préférentielle et de sédimentation : le nombre de Rouse $Ro $, représentant le rapport de la vitesse de sédimentation des particules à la vitesse fluctuante de l’écoulement; le nombre de Stokes $St$, quantifiant l'inertie des particules comme le rapport entre le temps de réponse des particules et le temps dissipatif de l’écoulement; le nombre de Reynolds $ RE_lambda$ représentant le degré de turbulence et enfin la fraction volumique de la phase dispersée $phi_v$.Deux techniques expérimentales (suivi Lagrangien des particules et interférométrie à phase Doppler) ont été utilisées pour l'acquisition des données et pour le diagnostic de la concentration préférentielle et de la sédimentation des gouttelettes dispersées. Le suivi Lagrangien de particules a été réalisé par visualisation à haute vitesse cadence des gouttelettes dispersées dans une nappe de laser. Cela donne accès aux statistiques simultanées de la distribution spatiale des particules et de leur vitesse. La niveau de clustering a été quantifié à l’aide de tessélation de Voronoï. Nous établissons des lois d’échelles quantitatives caractérisant la dépendance du degré de clustering et de la géométrie des amas en fonction des paramètres de l’étude ($St$, $Re_lambda$ et $ phi_v$. Ces lois d’échelles indiquent une forte influence de $Re_lambda$ et de $phi_v$, mais un faible effet de $St$. Ce résultat est cohérent avec un rôle dominant du mécanisme « sweep-stick » comme origine de la concentration préférentielle, tel que proposé par Vassilicos. En outre, l'analyse conditionnelle des vitesses de sédimentation des particules en fonction de leur appartenance ou non à des amas montre que les zones à fortes concentration tendent à sédimenter plus rapidement que les zones peu concentrées, suggérant un possible rôle des effets collectifs dans l’augmentation de la vitesse de chute. Les mesures par interférométrie de phase Doppler ont ensuite permis d’analyser plus en détail les statistiques de vitesse et de concentration de particules conditionnées à la taille des particules. Ces mesures montrent une augmentation de la vitesse de sédimentation pour les particules de petits diamètres, en accord avec des études précédentes. En revanche, la sédimentation est ralentie pour les particules de plus grand diamètre. Ceci indique une subtile intrication de plusieurs mécanismes possibles affectant la sédimentation turbulente de particules. / This PhD thesis investigates the phenomena of preferential concentration and settling of sub-Kolmogorov inertial particles transported in a turbulent flow. To this end, experiments have been carried out in active-grid-generated turbulence in a wind-tunnel, seeded with water droplets. Preferential concentration manifests itself as the emergence of spatial segregation of the particles, which where initially homogeneously seeded in the carrier flow, leading to clusters and voids. A particular effort has been put in disentangling the roles of particles inertia, of turbulence and of collective effects on the emergence of clustering and the modification of settling velocity and in investigating the interplay between clustering and settling. Four main non-dimensional parameters have been varied to establish the role of each in the clustering process and on the settling of the particles: the Rouse number $Ro$, representing the ratio of the settling velocity of the particles to the fluctuating velocity of the fluid ; the Stokes number $St$ , quantifying particle inertia as the ratio of the particle response time to the flow dissipative time scale ; the Reynolds number $Re_lambda$ representing the degree of turbulence and the volume fraction $phi_v$ representing the concentration of the particles in the two-phase flow.Two experimental techniques (Lagrangian Particle Tracking and Phase Doppler Interferometry) are used to acquire data and diagnose the clustering and settling properties of the dispersed droplets.2D-Lagrangian Particle Tracking has been performed using high-speed visualization of the dispersed droplets in a laser sheet. This gives access to simultaneous statistics of particles spatial distribution and velocity. Clustering has been quantified using Voronoï tessellation and quantitative scalings on the dependency of clustering intensity and clusters dimensions on $St$, $Re_lambda$ and $phi_v$ are found. They show a strong influence of $Re_lambda$ and volume fraction $phi_v$ but a weak effect of $St$. This finding is consistent with a leading role of the “sweep-stick” mechanism in the clustering process, as proposed by Vassilicos. Furthermore, conditional analysis of the velocities of particles within clusters and voids has been performed showing that clusters tend to settle faster than voids, pointing to the role of collective effects in the enhancement of settling.Phase Doppler Interferometry has then been used to further analyse velocity statistics, and particle concentration field conditioned on particle diameter. Enhancement of the settling velocity for small diameters is observed, in agreement with previous studies. On the contrary, for larger particles settling velocity is found to be hindered. This indicates a subtle intrication of several possible mechanisms affecting the settling, including preferential sweeping, loitering and collective effects.

博士(経済学) / 乙第328号 / 250p / 一橋大学

Resumo: Devido à escassez de informações relacionadas ao efeito da adubação na produção e qualidade de sementes de hortaliças, principalmente nas espécies que possuem aumento no ciclo com o estádio reprodutivo, nota-se a necessidade de determinar a demanda nutricional e a dose dos nutrientes para auxiliar na recomendação de adubação que proporcione a melhor produtividade de sementes de boa qualidade. Este trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel - UNESP/FCA, São Manuel/SP, localizada à latitude sul de 22o 46’, longitude oeste de 48º 34’ e altitude de 740 m, no período de 25/09/03 a 19/02/04, com o objetivo de determinar as curvas de acúmulo de nutrientes e avaliar a resposta de doses de fósforo adicionados ao solo na produção e qualidade de sementes de alface cultivar Verônica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0; 200; 400; 600 e 800 kg ha-1 de P2O5) e cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas características vegetativas das plantas, acúmulo e teor dos nutrientes no caule + folhas + hastes florais e nas sementes, a produção de sementes (massa e número) por planta e a sua qualidade (germinação e vigor). Os dados foram submetidos às análises de variância e de regressão. Observaram-se aumento linear na massa verde e massa seca das plantas no final do ciclo, com o aumento das doses de P2O5. A ordem decrescente dos nutrientes acumulados pela parte aérea total das plantas de alface para a produção de sementes foi: potássio > nitrogênio > cálcio > magnésio > fósforo > enxofre > ferro > manganês > zinco > boro > cobre e nas sementes essa ordem foi: nitrogênio > fósforo > potássio > magnésio > cálcio > enxofre > ferro > zinco > 2 manganês > cobre > boro. O período de maior demanda da maioria dos macronutrientes foi entre o início do pendoamento e o início do florescimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to the lack of information about the fertilization effect in vegetable seed production and quality, mainly in the species that have an increase cycle in the reproductive stage, a need has been identified to evaluate the nutritional demand and nutrient level to aid in recommending fertilization that provides best productivity from high quality seeds. This study was carried out from September/2003 to February/2004 at São Manuel Experimental Farm UNESP/FCA, in São Manuel, São Paulo State, Brazil, at 22o 46’ south latitude, 48º 34’ west longitude and at an altitude of 740 m, with the objective to evaluate the nutrients accumulation curves and response of phosphorus added to the soil on the seed production and seed quality of lettuce cultivar Verônica. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete blocks, with five treatments (0; 200; 400; 600; 800 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and five replications. Plant vegetative characteristics, nutrients (accumulation and content) in stem + leaves + flower stalks and seeds, seed yield (mass and number per plant) and seed quality (germination and vigor) were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance and regression analysis. A linear increase in plant fresh mass and plant dry mass was verified at the end of the cycle along with increased P2O5 rates. Nutrients accumulated in the total aerial part of the lettuce plant for seed production were, in descending order: potassium > nitrogen > calcium > magnesium > phosphorus > sulphur > iron > manganese > zinc > boron > copper, while in the seeds the order was: nitrogen > phosphorus > potassium > magnesium > calcium > sulphur > 4 iron > zinc > manganese > copper > boron. The period with the biggest demand for majority of the macronutrients was from the beginning of the stem elongation stage to the beginning of the flowering stage and for the majority of micronutrients, after the beginning of the flowering stage... (Complete abstract, click electroni address below) / Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Arthur Bernardes Cecilio Filho / Banca: Simone da Costa Mello / Doutor

TITLE: Mutation and substitution rates in sexual and asexual forms: a clue to the persistence of sex in a model group of Cobitis? AUTOR: Jan Röslein DEPARTMENT: Ústav živočišné fyziologie a genetiky AVČR, v.v.i. SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Karel Janko, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: Subject of this thesis is to test several hypotheses about the evolution of asexual reproduction in model group of fish family Cobitis and its mutual competition among sexual and asexual forms, which touches one of the oldest unresolved issues of biology. Specifically, the work deals with the accumulation of non-synonymous mutations, which accelerated accumulation in the genome of clonal lineages theoretically leads to increased extinction compared with sexually reproducing populations (so-called. The theory of Muller's ratchet and Kondrashov's hatchet). This thesis is based on a normalized cDNA sequencing data from oocytes and liver tissue, which has served as a base matrix (generated based on non-normalized cDNA data) for transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq). Consequently, the RNAseq data have served as validation for acquired polymorphisms, detection of differential expression of allele- specific expression (ASE) hybrid biotypes. This diploma thesis balances among the edges of vast spectrum of hypotheses regarding the evolution of the genus hybrid...

The role of metal accumulation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases has been a hot topic in recent years due to the possibility of its treatment by chelating agents. Although the mechanisms of neurodegeneration are well known, the role of metal accumulation is still unclear. The main limitation are unsatisfactory methods for in vivo metal imaging; the most widely used technique is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our aim was to assess the possibility of using transcranial sonography (TCS) in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and to further explore the underlying factors of echogenicity. In the first study, using TCS fusion with MRI, we focused on location verification of the commonly assessed structures (substantia nigra and nucleus lentiformis) and exclusion of possible focal structural changes affecting the echogenicity in WD and PD patients. Moreover, obtained MRI were used for semi-quantitative comparison with TCS images. Although TCS has been confirmed to be highly beneficial in differential diagnosis of Wilson's disease and it should be recommended as a screening method for extrapyramidal patients with atypical course of the disease, the direct relationship between TCS and metal deposits could not be proven. The obtained results from the ultrasound fusion...

This thesis focuses on the question whether it is economically viable to operate a system for household electricity production and if so, what are the necessary conditions to do so. In the text of this thesis a brief summary of environmental protection and sustainable development is presented, followed by the description and current state of technologies needed to construct systems for electricity production in the scale of family houses with focus on photovoltaic systems, and a description of the current legislation and administrative barriers related to this subject. Economic view (costs and return of investment) is examined in relation to multiple conditions, focus of this examination being on the geographical conditions, legislation and administrative conditions, state subsidies, electricity production and consumption profiles in the household and electricity price development scenarios. Technologies for household electricity production are therefore put into the context relevant to the citizens of the Czech Republic. The results of this work show, that the systems for photovoltaic electricity production in family houses in the conditions of the Czech Republic are economically viable with the premise that the surpluses of electricity produced are effectively consumed, for example for water...