Η χρήση ενδοφλέβιων καθετήρων είναι πλέον συνώνυμη με τις λοιμώξεις που προκαλούνται από στελέχη S. epidermidis. Η ικανότητα του συγκεκριμένου μικροοργανισμού να σχηματίζει βιομεμβράνες σχετίζεται άμεσα με την παθογένειά του. Ορισμένες ερευνητικές ομάδες έχουν περιγράψει κάποιους από τους μηχανισμούς σχηματισμού βιομεμβράνης καθώς και μόρια που συμμετέχουν σε αυτούς. Η ερευνητική μας ομάδα έχει απομονώσει ένα όξινο, θειωμένο πολυσακχαρίτη (20-kDa PS ή PS) ο οποίος φαίνεται να είναι ο κύριος αντιγονικός καθοριστής της εξωκυττάριας βλεννώδους στιβάδας του S. epidermidis. Αντισώματα έναντι αυτού του πολυσακχαρίτη έχει δειχθεί ότι προστατεύουν από σταφυλοκοκκική κερατίτιδα, από νεογνική βακτηριαιμία ενώ ταυτόχρονα διαχωρίζουν τα στελέχη S. epidermidis από τους υπόλοιπους πηκτάση-αρνητικούς σταφυλοκόκκους. Ένας από τους κύριους στόχους της παρούσας διατριβής ήταν η διερεύνηση του ρόλου του PS στην προσκόλληση του S. epidermidis σε ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα. Για το λόγο αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ένα πρότυπο στέλεχος S. epidermidis που παράγει τον PS (ΑΤCC35983) και ένα κλινικό στέλεχος το οποίο έχει δειχθεί ότι δεν παράγει τον συγκεκριμένο πολυσακχαρίτη. Τα αποτελέσματα που ελήφθησαν δείχνουν ότι ο PS διευκολύνει την προσκόλληση του S. epidermidis στα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα με δοσοεξαρτώμενο τρόπο. Παρά το γεγονός ότι ο ακριβής μηχανισμός προσκόλλησης δεν έχει βρεθεί, εντούτοις μπορεί να συσχετισθεί με το μηχανισμό πρόσδεσης των σταφυλοκόκκων μέσω των αλυσίδων γλυκοσαμινογλυκανών στα στελέχη που παράγουν τον πολυσακχαρίτη. Σε ό,τι αφορά τα στελέχη που δεν παράγουν τον PS ο προαναφερόμενος μηχανισμός συμμετέχει μερικώς στην προσκόλληση του S. epidermidis. Ο δεύτερος στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν να διερευνηθεί κατά πόσο μεταβάλλεται η έκφραση ορισμένων μακρομορίων του εξωκυττάριου χώρου διότι είναι γνωστό ότι οι πρωτεογλυκάνες της κυτταρικής επιφάνειας συμμετέχουν στην προσκόλληση του S. epidermidis σε ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τέσσερα στελέχη S. epidermidis που διέφεραν τόσο ως προς το φαινότυπο όσο και ως προς τον γονότυπο. Τα αποτελέσματα που ελήφθησαν έδειξαν ότι δεν υπάρχουν σημαντικές μεταβολές στην έκφραση των δύο κύριων πρωτεογλυκανών των ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων, συνδεκάνης-1 και γλυπικάνης-1, σε κανένα από τα χρονικά διαστήματα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Εντούτοις, τα αποτελέσματα δεν μπορούν να αποκλείσουν τη λειτουργία των πρωτεογλυκανων 202 ως γέφυρες που διευκολύνουν την πρόσδεση και τη μετέπειτα είσοδο του S. epidermidis στα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα. Έχει δειχθεί ότι το ενδοθήλιο διαδραματίζει σημαντικό ρόλο σε περιπτώσεις λοιμώξεων καθώς πραγματοποιείται ενεργοποίηση της έκφρασης ενός ευρέως φάσματος μορίων προσκόλλησης και εξωκυττάριου χώρου. Στην παρούσα μελέτη διερευνήθηκαν και αξιολογήθηκαν τα ειδικά προφίλ έκφρασης τέτοιων μορίων μέσω Real-Time PCR, ELISA, ανοσοφθορισμού και ζυμογραφίας. Τα αποτελέσματα που ελήφθησαν δείχνουν ότι αν και η γενική απόκριση των ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων σε περιπτώσεις λοιμώξεων με στελέχη S. epidermidis είναι να αποικοδομήσουν τον εξωκυττάριο χώρο, τα γονίδια που ενεργοποιούνται είναι διαφορετικά και έχουν σχέση με τα στελέχη που χρησιμοποιούνται. Φαίνεται ότι τα ενδοθηλιακά κύτταρα προσπαθούν να μειώσουν τη συνοχή του εξωκυττάριου χώρου έτσι ώστε να διευκολύνουν την μετακίνηση ουδετεροφίλων στο σημείο της λοίμωξης. Μελλοντικές μελέτες στις οποίες θα χρησιμοποιηθούν γενετικά τροποποιημένα βακτηριακά στελέχη σε συν-καλλιέργειες ενδοθηλιακών κυττάρων με μακροφάγα ή μονοκύτταρα θα διευκρινήσουν τις αλληλεπιδράσεις που πραγματοποιούνται in vivo. / The use of intravenous catheters and other medical implanted devices is synonymous to Staphylococcus epidermidis infections. The ability of the specific microorganism to cause infections is directly related to its ability to form biofilms. Some of the mechanisms and molecules participating in the formation of biofilm have been elucidated. Our research group has isolated an acidic, sulfated polysaccharide (20-kDa PS or PS) that appear to be the main antigenic component of S. epidermidis extracellular mucous layer. Antibodies against this polysaccharide protect from staphylococcal keratitis, neonate bacteremia and discriminate S. epidermidis strains from other CoNS. In the present dissertation one of the major goals was to evaluate the role of PS in S. epidermidis’ adherence to human endothelial cells. A PS reference strain (ATCC35983) and a non-PS producing clinical strain were used. Results obtained showed that PS facilitates S. epidermidis’ adherence to endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner. Although the fine mechanism for such a binding is not as yet clear, it may be correlated with the staphylococcal binding through glycasaminoglycan chains at least for the strains that produce this polysaccharide. As long as the non-PS producing strains are concerned the involvement of the above mentioned mechanism has partial contribution to S. epidermidis adherence. Considering that cell surface proteoglycans are involved in S. epidermidis adherence to endothelial cells, the second major goal of this study was to examine whether gene expression of certain matrix biomacromolecules is modified in S. epidermidis infected endothelial cells as compared to non-infected ones. Four different phenotypically and genotypically strains were used. Results show no significant difference in expression of two main cell-surface proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and glypican-1, in all time points and for all strains used. These results, however, cannot exclude that proteoglycans may be the bridge facilitating S. epidermidis adherence and subsequently invasion to endothelial cells. It has been established that endothelium plays a crucial role in inflammation. This is achieved by the consequent expression of a wide variety of adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules. In the present study, the specific expression profile of such molecules was also evaluated using Real-Time PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence and zymography. Obtained results indicate that, even though the general reaction of endothelial cells is to disintegrate the structure of the extracellular matrix, the genes activated are different with respect to the 204 strains that were used. It seems that the endothelial cells’ effort to decrease the extracellular matrix cohesion is a way to facilitate migration of macrophages at the site of infection. Future studies using genetically modified bacterial strains in cocultures of endothelial cells with macrophages or monocytes will elucidate the interactions that actually happen in vivo.

Orientador: Carlos Magno Castelo Branco / Banca: Ricardo Augusto Monteiro de Barros Almeida / Banca: Rosely Morales de Figueiredo / Resumo: Quase três décadas após o primeiro diagnóstico no Brasil, a aids demonstra tendência contínua de interiorização, com aumento da incidência em pequenos municípios. A implantação de Serviços de Atendimento Especializado (SAE's) foi marco importante para o sucesso das ações programáticas em cidades de pequeno porte. Curiosamente, a maior parte dos estudos epidemiológicos e de avaliação dos serviços tem sido realizada em grandes centros urbanos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o atendimento multiprofissional a pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) realizado no SAE de Três Lagoas (MS), uma cidade de aproximadamente 100.000 habitantes. A autora estava especialmente interessada em aspectos relacionados à adesão à Terapia Antirretroviral Potente e Combinada (TARV), condição essencial para redução de morbidade e mortalidade de PVHA. Dois estudos foram realizados. No primeiro (Estudo No.1), foram analisados prontuários e fichas de notificação de 356 pacientes admitidos entre 1984 e 2005, para avaliar características demográficas. Os dados foram analisados para dois períodos: 1984-1995, fase em que a TARV não era utilizada na prática clínica (pré-TARV); e 1996 e depois (pós-TARV), quando a introdução de novos medicamentos permitiu a utilização da TARV no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Realizou-se também análise de sobrevida, para avaliar o impacto da disponibilização da TARV e de outros fatores sobre o prognóstico dos pacientes. O Estudo No.2 teve delineamento quali-quantitativo, e baseou-se em entrevistas com 55 pacientes e sete profissionais da saúde de diversas categorias. Os resultados do Estudo No.1 demonstraram que dois terços dos pacientes foram admitidos no período pós-TARV. Nessa fase, aumentaram os casos no sexo feminino (22,0% para 36,2%, p=0,02) e em pessoas com escolaridade inferior a ensino fundamental completo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Nearly three decades after the first diagnosis in Brazil, AIDS demonstrates the continuing trend of internalization, with increasing incidence in small towns. Deployment of Specialized Care Services (SCS) was important to the success of Brazilian aids program in small cities. Interestingly, most epidemiological studies and evaluation of services have been conducted in large urban centers. This study aimed to characterize the multidisciplinary care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) held at SCS in Três Lagoas (State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), a city of about 100,000 inhabitants. The author was especially interested in aspects related to adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), an essential condition for reducing morbidity and mortality among PLWHA. Two studies were conducted. In the first study (Study #1), the author analyzed medical records and notification forms for 356 patients admitted between 1984 and 2005 in order to assess demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed for two periods: 1984-1995, a phase in which HAART was not used in clinical practice (pre-HAART) and 1996 and later (post-HAART), when the introduction of new drugs has allowed the use of HAART in the Brazilian Public Health System. Survival analysis was applied to assess the impact of the availability of HAART and other factors on the prognosis of patients. Study #2 had a qualitative and quantitative design. The author interviewed 55 patients and seven health professionals from various categories. The results of Study #1 showed that two thirds of patients were admitted in the post-HAART period. At this stage, cases increased in females (22.0% to 36.2%, p=0.02) and among people with less than eight years of schooling (61.3% to 72.3%, p<0.001 ). The mortality risk was lower for patients admitted in the post-HAART (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.31, 95% Confidence Interval[CI] = 0.22 to 0.45,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No Rio Grande do Sul, a Salmonella Enteritidis vem se destacando como o principal microrganismo causador de surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. A capacidade desse sorovar em aderir ao aço inoxidável e ao polietileno, assim como a resistência a desinfetantes comumente utilizados nas indústrias de alimentos foi avaliada e comparada com outros dois sorovares de Salmonella. Para mensurar a aderência bacteriana, corpos de prova de aço inoxidável (2 x 2 x 0,1cm) e de polietileno (2 x 2 x 0,7cm) permaneceram em contato com as culturas bacterianas por 15, 30 e 60 minutos e então ultrasonicados, para a realização das contagens de células aderidas. A resistência bacteriana aos desinfetantes foi avaliada através do teste de suspensão como preconizado pela legislação brasileira. Para desinfecção das superfícies, os corpos de prova permaneceram por 15 minutos em contato com as culturas bacterianas e, após dez minutos de exposição aos desinfetantes, o número de células sobreviventes foi determinado. A aderência bacteriana após os tempos de exposição indicou que a S. Typhimurium aderiu significativamente mais ao aço inoxidável que ao polietileno, enquanto que a S. Bredeney aderiu mais ao polietileno. Entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas nos níveis de aderência do sorovar S. Enteritidis, mesmo que as análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de hidrofobicidade tenham indicado diferenças significativas entre os materiais. Foi observada a produção de bioemulsificante pelos três sorovares de Salmonella, sendo que a S. Enteritidis e a S. Bredeney produziram quantidades bem maiores que a S. Typhimurium. A resistência aos desinfetantes ácido peracético, hipoclorito de sódio e quaternário de amônio, quando avaliados pelo teste de suspensão, demonstraram que, nas concentrações indicadas pelo fabricante, os três compostos foram capazes de inativar os três sorovares de Salmonella. Entretanto, na concentração de 200ppm de hipoclorito de sódio comumente utilizada no Brasil, o sorovar S. Enteritidis foi o mais resistente, uma vez que sobreviveu até 15 minutos de exposição. Nenhum desinfetante conseguiu inativar todas as células aderidas (aproximadamente 5log UFC/cm2) em aço inoxidável e polietileno, exceto o quaternário de amônio que eliminou totalmente a S. Enteritidis do aço inoxidável. Tendo em vista a importância desses microrganismos como patógenos alimentares, cuidados especiais devem ser tomados nos processos de desinfecção e contaminação cruzada por Salmonella. / In Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, Salmonella Enteritidis have been considered the principal microorganism responsible for foodborne disease. The ability of this sorovar in adhering to stainless steel and polyethylene, as well as the resistance to biocides commonly used in food industries was evaluated and compared with other two serovars of Salmonella. To measure the bacterial adherence, coupons of stainless steel (2 x 2 x 0,1cm) and polyethylene (2 x 2 x 0,7cm) remained in contact with the bacterial cultures for periods of 15, 30 e 60 minutes and so that ultrassonicated for count the adherent cells. The bacterial resistance to biocides was evaluated through the suspension test as praised for the Brazilian legislation. For surfaces disinfection, the coupons remained for 15 minutes in contact with bacterial cultures and after ten minutes of exposition to biocides, the surviving cells were determined. Bacterial adherence after 15, 30, and 60 minutes of exposure indicated that S. Typhimurium adhered significantly more to stainless steel than to polyethylene, whereas S. Bredeney adhered more to polyethylene than to stainless steel. However, there was no significative difference in adherence levels of S. Enteritidis, even when analysis of sacanning electronic microscopy has indicated expressive differences between adherence to the materials. The production of bioemulsifier by Salmonella serovars was observed, being that S. Enteritidis and S. Bredeney produced larger amounts than S. Typhimurium. The resistance to peracetic acid, and quaternary ammonium biocides when evaluated using suspension test in the presence of organic matter, demonstrated that in the concentrations indicated by manufacturers, all of the three biocides were able to inactivate the three serovars. However, using 200ppm of sodium hypochlorite, commonly used in Brazil, S. Enteritidis showed to be the most resistant serovar, since it has survived for up to 15 minutes of exposure. None of the biocides inactivate all the cells adhered (approximately 5log CFU/cm2) in stainless steel and polyethylene, except the quaternary ammonium which totally eliminated S. Enteritidis on the stainless steel surface. In view of the importance of these micorrganismos as alimentary pathogens, special cares of disinfection processes and cross-contamination for Salmonella must be taken.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the most important issues in pediatric patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Combined with the fact that young patients face a large array of adherence barriers, interventions that can increase adherence are of great interest. Financial incentives (FIs) are a novel approach in pediatric HIV settings, and have not been studied previously in this disease for this age group. Thus, we sought to evaluate the effects FIs had in helping pediatric HIV patients achieve and maintain virologic suppression (VS). Furthermore, a post-incentive survey was administered to evaluate the self-perceived effects of FIs. In our study, FIs were not associated with achieving VS among pediatric and adolescent patients. The post-incentive survey has demonstrated many aspects of patients' and guardians' perceptions of FIs that should be considered in future FI studies. First, it was likely that patients who effectively grasped the concept of financial reward were most positively influenced by FIs. Second, the study data suggested that FIs may be contra-effective to those patients who report strong emotional responses to negative outcomes. Further and more comprehensive studies are required to fully characterize these effects.

Poor adherence is an issue in clinical trials with a striking magnitude and negative impact. Recent studies indicate that two widely used clinical screening tools, Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) can be used as risk stratifiers to identify participants who require extra interaction to stay adherent in specific population. There is, however, little evidence to support the implication of these tools in elderly individuals with mobility limitations. These individuals may be particularly vulnerable to the risks of poor adherence in the context of a demanding interventional scheme. This study fulfills this gap by analyzing the quality of life and adherence data from the VIVE2 study, which is a double-blinded randomized explanatory clinical trial assessing the benefits of nutritional supplements and daily exercises to elderly patients with mobility limitation. The preliminary results showed that in clinical studies targeting elderly population with mobility limitations, the summary scores of SF-36 trended to have weak and nonsignificant association with a decreased risk of poor adherence to both exercise completion and product consumption while CES-D has no association.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the different biological, psychological, and social factors that affect patient adherence in bracing treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. By comparing adherent and non-adherent bracing patients, we hope to gain insight into how to improve patient adherence in bracing as a means of primary treatment and to avoid secondary and tertiary treatments such as surgery. METHODS: Of the 19 patients (15 adherent, 4 non-adherent) who were examined for this study, the majority of them completed all psychosocial surveys at one time point in their bracing treatment. Patients answered surveys for multidimensional anxiety, generalized anxiety, pain-related fear and avoidance, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life. Quantitative sensory testing was performed on only 5 of the 19 patients at the time of writing. Sensory testing was conducted to gather information on thermal sensitivities and thresholds. Statistical t-test significance was determined for all surveys distributed to adherent and non-adherent bracing groups, and scaled T-scores were calculated for each survey measure to determine clinical significance. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in any measures examined between adherent and non-adherent bracing patients. The only statistically significant difference was the number of hours of brace wearing, with the adherent group wearing their brace over 11 hours more than the non-adherent group (p < 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the underpowered nature of this study, measures for multidimensional anxiety, generalized anxiety, pain-related fear and avoidance, pain catastrophizing, and quality of life should be reexamined for potential differences between adherent and non-adherent bracing patients. Quantitative sensory testing should be included as a measure of possible sensory differences between the two groups. A future study with a larger sample size may provide greater understanding into the motivations for bracing adherence in an effort to help patients avoid more invasive means of intervention in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

abstract: The U.S. Surgeon General has recommended that all Americans engage in regular physical activity throughout the lifespan as a way to maintain and improve health and reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, or other chronic conditions. The recommendation for children is a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate and intense physical activity everyday. As children enter adolescence their level of physical activity often decreases; and active adults were typically active adolescents. More than 50% of adults that begin a physical activity program discontinue the behavior within 9 months. Interventions to increase physical activity have looked at self-esteem and self-efficacy. Locus of control (LOC) is a concept that people either view their own behavior as influencing the events around them (internal) or other events controlling their fate or destiny (external). This study looked at locus of control as a predictor of exercise adherence and future exercise patterns in children ages 6-12 in Mesa, AZ. Locus of control as measured by the Child Nowicki-Strickland Internal External (CNSIE) scale differed by gender and by physical activity group at school at post-intervention. Self-reported physical activity as measured by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) showed differences in physical activity (PA) levels by gender for baseline school PA, by age group for baseline non-school PA, by gender and age group for post-intervention school PA, and by gender only for post-intervention non-school PA. A secondary objective was to assess if the Think Healthy About Nutrition and eXercise (THANX) after school program influenced participants' LOC or PA patterns. This study found that the THANX program had no effect on LOC or PA level at any time point. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Exercise and Wellness 2012

Purpose: To appraise and synthesize the available evidence from previous systematic reviews concerning the impacts of goal setting on engagement in the rehabilitation process and on outcomes of participation and occupational performance for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Material and method: Systematic review of systematic reviews. From a total of 175 hits in the search which was conducted in two parts, 16 full text articles were assessed for eligibility, from which four were selected to be included in the review. Results: Four systematic reviews of moderate quality consisting of variety of methodologies were included. The empirical evidence was limited but supportive that goal directed interventions may contribute to better engagement in rehabilitation and better outcomes of occupational performance. Limited evidence suggested that goal setting improved adherence to the treatment regimens and that patient’s active participation in goal setting had positive impact on patients and their engagement in the process. Findings suggested that goal-directed interventions, particularly in outpatient rehabilitation, may improve patients’ occupational performance. Findings related to participation outcomes were minimal. Conclusion: Goal setting is a complex and multidimensional process. Goal setting may contribute to improved engagement in rehabilitation and occupational performance outcomes for patients with ABI. / <p>Presentation was completed via Adobe Connect</p>

No Rio Grande do Sul, a Salmonella Enteritidis vem se destacando como o principal microrganismo causador de surtos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. A capacidade desse sorovar em aderir ao aço inoxidável e ao polietileno, assim como a resistência a desinfetantes comumente utilizados nas indústrias de alimentos foi avaliada e comparada com outros dois sorovares de Salmonella. Para mensurar a aderência bacteriana, corpos de prova de aço inoxidável (2 x 2 x 0,1cm) e de polietileno (2 x 2 x 0,7cm) permaneceram em contato com as culturas bacterianas por 15, 30 e 60 minutos e então ultrasonicados, para a realização das contagens de células aderidas. A resistência bacteriana aos desinfetantes foi avaliada através do teste de suspensão como preconizado pela legislação brasileira. Para desinfecção das superfícies, os corpos de prova permaneceram por 15 minutos em contato com as culturas bacterianas e, após dez minutos de exposição aos desinfetantes, o número de células sobreviventes foi determinado. A aderência bacteriana após os tempos de exposição indicou que a S. Typhimurium aderiu significativamente mais ao aço inoxidável que ao polietileno, enquanto que a S. Bredeney aderiu mais ao polietileno. Entretanto, não houve diferenças significativas nos níveis de aderência do sorovar S. Enteritidis, mesmo que as análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de hidrofobicidade tenham indicado diferenças significativas entre os materiais. Foi observada a produção de bioemulsificante pelos três sorovares de Salmonella, sendo que a S. Enteritidis e a S. Bredeney produziram quantidades bem maiores que a S. Typhimurium. A resistência aos desinfetantes ácido peracético, hipoclorito de sódio e quaternário de amônio, quando avaliados pelo teste de suspensão, demonstraram que, nas concentrações indicadas pelo fabricante, os três compostos foram capazes de inativar os três sorovares de Salmonella. Entretanto, na concentração de 200ppm de hipoclorito de sódio comumente utilizada no Brasil, o sorovar S. Enteritidis foi o mais resistente, uma vez que sobreviveu até 15 minutos de exposição. Nenhum desinfetante conseguiu inativar todas as células aderidas (aproximadamente 5log UFC/cm2) em aço inoxidável e polietileno, exceto o quaternário de amônio que eliminou totalmente a S. Enteritidis do aço inoxidável. Tendo em vista a importância desses microrganismos como patógenos alimentares, cuidados especiais devem ser tomados nos processos de desinfecção e contaminação cruzada por Salmonella. / In Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, Salmonella Enteritidis have been considered the principal microorganism responsible for foodborne disease. The ability of this sorovar in adhering to stainless steel and polyethylene, as well as the resistance to biocides commonly used in food industries was evaluated and compared with other two serovars of Salmonella. To measure the bacterial adherence, coupons of stainless steel (2 x 2 x 0,1cm) and polyethylene (2 x 2 x 0,7cm) remained in contact with the bacterial cultures for periods of 15, 30 e 60 minutes and so that ultrassonicated for count the adherent cells. The bacterial resistance to biocides was evaluated through the suspension test as praised for the Brazilian legislation. For surfaces disinfection, the coupons remained for 15 minutes in contact with bacterial cultures and after ten minutes of exposition to biocides, the surviving cells were determined. Bacterial adherence after 15, 30, and 60 minutes of exposure indicated that S. Typhimurium adhered significantly more to stainless steel than to polyethylene, whereas S. Bredeney adhered more to polyethylene than to stainless steel. However, there was no significative difference in adherence levels of S. Enteritidis, even when analysis of sacanning electronic microscopy has indicated expressive differences between adherence to the materials. The production of bioemulsifier by Salmonella serovars was observed, being that S. Enteritidis and S. Bredeney produced larger amounts than S. Typhimurium. The resistance to peracetic acid, and quaternary ammonium biocides when evaluated using suspension test in the presence of organic matter, demonstrated that in the concentrations indicated by manufacturers, all of the three biocides were able to inactivate the three serovars. However, using 200ppm of sodium hypochlorite, commonly used in Brazil, S. Enteritidis showed to be the most resistant serovar, since it has survived for up to 15 minutes of exposure. None of the biocides inactivate all the cells adhered (approximately 5log CFU/cm2) in stainless steel and polyethylene, except the quaternary ammonium which totally eliminated S. Enteritidis on the stainless steel surface. In view of the importance of these micorrganismos as alimentary pathogens, special cares of disinfection processes and cross-contamination for Salmonella must be taken.

É objeto deste estudo a busca das pautas interpretativas a serem utilizadas para análise do contrato por adesão celebrado entre empresários. Habitualmente, os contratos celebrados por adesão são estudados na relação entre fornecedor e consumidor, havendo uma preocupação em evitar a abusividade. Contudo, tanto a adesividade quanto a abusividade podem estar presentes nas relações de direito privado comum e empresarial. Diante deste fato, busca-se, aqui, esclarecer as especificidades e diretrizes hermenêuticas do contrato formado por adesão entre estas duas partes que têm mesmo status jurídico, não havendo presunção legal de vulnerabilidade entre elas. / It is object of this study the search for interpretative guidelines to be used for analysis of the contract by adherence celebrated amongst business people. Usually, contracts celebrated by adherence are studied in the relation between supplier and consumer, having concern about avoiding abusiveness. However, both adherence and abusiveness may be present in the relations of common private law and corporate law. Before this fact, it is aimed here to clarify the specificities and hermeneutic guidelines of the contract formed by adherence between these two parts that have the same juridical status, not having legal presumption of vulnerability between them.