Territorial Disputes in South China Sea Abstract This diploma thesis deals with territorial disputes in the South China Sea and its participants. The aim of the thesis is to describe legal titles of all participants of the dispute and analyse their claims for areas in the South China Sea. The reason of the territorial dispute is based on the proximity of countries and the fact that the South China Sea contains a number of features that are claimed by surrounding countries whose claims exclude. Moreover, one of the participants - China, claims nearly 90% of the whole area. The thesis also describes provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea that are significant for the territorial dispute, as well as, means of the conflict solutions of the dispute provided in the Convention. The Philippines as one of the participants of the dispute decided to initiate arbitrary trial in order to find amicable settlement. The arbitrary tribunal ruled in favour of the Philippines in that matter, however as final chapter provides, China decided to ignore the arbitrary award and continues to supress other countries. Thus, an amicable solution of the dispute seems very unlikely in the near future. Key words South China Sea, exclusive economic zone, territorial dispute

vii, 95 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT HB846.5 .C76 2000 / By traditional economic reasoning, the production and sale of private goods is assumed to be efficient in a pure market because only the owners of privately held goods can access and enjoy them. In contrast, public goods are likely to be under supplied, because individuals can free ride on the contributions of others. Citizens can solve the free rider problem either spontaneously or through the use of coercive tools such as taxation. However, such solutions will rarely be efficient. An alternative solution, seldom studied by political scientists, is the formation of clubs. Clubs exist to provide semi-public goods to their members. If only contributing members of a club can access its product (the club good), the club should be free of the free-rider problem. Because club goods are finite and rivalrous, clubs are subject to "crowding effects"; that is, per-member benefits will decline if clubs grow too large. Clubs can minimize this crowding by limiting the size of their membership. Clubs are traditionally formulated as consumer- driven arrangements, driven solely by the wealth-maximizing preferences of their memberships and not by external concerns. In an experimental setting, this dissertation demonstrates that clubs also tolerate crowding if club membership is the sole source of some club good for otherwise excluded individuals. Club members can minimize the effects of this crowding by making multilateral promises not to overuse the club good. This means that clubs members do consider the social ramifications of the club's membership policies, and those membership policies respond to government action (specifically, the presence of other funding for excluded individuals). This has implications for both the study of clubs and the associations that resemble them: firms, coalitions, and communities. / Committee in charge: Dr. John Orbell, Chair; Dr. Holly Arrow; Dr. Bill Harbaugh; Dr. Ron Mitchell

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-19T11:52:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAF.pdf: 1362912 bytes, checksum: 993a1b6046ac734dbe3b38ee26f4c171 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T13:27:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAF.pdf: 1362912 bytes, checksum: 993a1b6046ac734dbe3b38ee26f4c171 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T13:27:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAF.pdf: 1362912 bytes, checksum: 993a1b6046ac734dbe3b38ee26f4c171 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T13:28:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGAF.pdf: 1362912 bytes, checksum: 993a1b6046ac734dbe3b38ee26f4c171 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Não recebi financiamento / The present paper researches the exclusive inclusion occurring in the Public High School. The goal of this work is to analyze the exclusive inclusion processes which occur in the State Public High School of Minas Gerais, its policies and acting before the exclusion, as well as analyze the factor that contributes to the students’ failure and school evasion of a state school in Poços de Caldas (MG). The field research was made through interviewing school managers, teachers and students using a questionnaire. The analyzes of the interviews showed in general, that the students are guilty of failing or evading the High School, by taking for granted the free instruction given by the State. There is a little awareness that the State only provides the free instruction, but it does not guarantee the staying of the young in school. The results of the questionnaires showed that there are other social restrictions such as the need of work to help the family, a lack of family support, precocious pregnancy, among others that also contribute to this failure and evasion. Therefore it is clear that the failures and evasions are not connected only to the school, but also to the families, to the government policies, and the student itself. We consider that the school must go beyond the role as a simple knowledge and reproductive transmitter, to be a knowledge production establishment, so being strengthened by knowledge and criticality, it may break free from the shackles of neoliberal system. / O presente trabalho investiga a inclusão excludente que ocorre no Ensino Médio público. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os processos de inclusão excludente que ocorre no Ensino Médio na Rede Pública Estadual de Minas Gerais, suas políticas e atuação frente à exclusão, assim como, analisar os fatores que contribuem para a reprovação e evasão dos alunos, de uma escola pública estadual em Poços de Caldas (MG). A pesquisa de campo foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com gestores escolares e professores, e com alunos utilizando questionário. As análises das entrevistas demonstram que, em geral, os alunos são culpabilizados por reprovarem ou evadirem do Ensino Médio, por não valorizarem o ensino gratuito oferecido pelo Estado. Há pouca percepção que o Estado apenas oferece ensino gratuito para os jovens, mas não garante a permanência deste jovem na escola. Os resultados dos questionários mostraram que existem outros condicionantes sociais, como a necessidade de trabalhar para ajudar na renda familiar, falta de incentivo da família, gravidez precoce, entre outros, que são fatores que também contribuem para a evasão ou reprovação. Deste modo fica claro que as reprovações ou evasões, não estão apenas relacionadas com a escola, mas também com as famílias, as políticas de governo e ao próprio aluno. Consideramos que a escola deve ir além do papel de mera transmissora e reprodutora de conhecimentos, para ser um estabelecimento de produção de saberes, para que fortalecida pelo conhecimento e criticidade, consiga se libertar das amarras do sistema neoliberal.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:07:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciano Marcos dos Santos.pdf: 1162588 bytes, checksum: 3652d84a26e5345ed35c4ea94a40130f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Identified by mixing Spanish and Guarani, the language jopara is common in informal or family environments in Paraguay. This thesis aims to understand the use of this language in the Diario Popular, especially in terms of news, titled sucesos on conflicts of urban life, mostly involving police incidents. Besides the analysis of the copies of the Daily Popular January to May 2012, data were obtained from literature. In this context, we verified the presence of the plurality of meanings of words present in the writing of the material, where the updates jopara forms of social distinction and classification, relating to people and genders in social situations themselves from public life. Thus, understanding the language in an interdisciplinary way, not as a source, but as a social practice, symbolic and historic use this notebook paper is a form of communication and expression evident in the tensions inherent in the demarcation of the differences between social groups. / Identificada pela mistura de guarani e espanhol, a língua jopara é comum no cotidiano em ambientes informais ou familiares no Paraguai. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender o uso dessa língua no Diario Popular, especialmente no caderno de notícias, intitulado sucesos, sobre conflitos da vida urbana, na maioria das vezes envolvendo ocorrências policiais. Além da análise dos exemplares do Diário Popular de janeiro a maio de 2012, os dados foram obtidos através de pesquisa bibliográfica. Neste contexto, verificou-se a presença da pluralidade de sentidos das palavras presentes na redação das matérias, em que o jopara atualiza formas de classificação e de distinção social, relativas a pessoas e a gêneros sexuais em situações sociais próprias da vida pública. Deste modo, compreendendo a língua de forma interdisciplinar, não como um código, mas como uma prática social, simbólica e histórica, seu uso neste caderno do jornal é uma das formas de comunicação e expressão evidenciada nas tensões inerentes à demarcação das diferenças entre grupos sociais.

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until six months of age, and breastfeeding along with other foods up to two years of age or even longer. The importance of EBF until six months of age is well established, mainly because of the benefits for the child and for the mother such as a reduction in children's morbidity and mortality and also hospital admissions. Despite of the fact that breastfeeding is an effective and inexpensive way to improve child s health, unfortunately this practice is stopped long before the recommended period. Due to that, this study aimed at knowing EBF prevalence among children born at the University Hospital of Santa Maria as well as the reasons for the early weaning. Besides, it assessed the effect of a multiprofessional intervention to promote breastfeeding in the Hospital. The prevalence of EBF was assessed at four and six months postpartum in two groups: control group (whose mothers received the information usually provided by the staff) and intervention group (whose mothers received additional information about breastfeeding by a multiprofessional team). For this, a randomized trial was carried out, enrolling 379 dyads (mother-baby): 194 in the control group and 185 in the intervention group. The intervention consisted of meetings (as group dynamic) with the mothers. The results showed that EBF prevalence in the control group were 42.8% at four months, and 13.4% at six months age. On the other hand, in the intervention group the EBF prevalence was significantly higher: 57.8% at four months and 26.5% at six months age. In addition, the number of days of EBF in the intervention group was also significantly higher (median 150 days) compared to controls (median 113 days). The assessment of data at four and six months showed negative association with the variables "did not participate in the intervention" and "use of pacifiers" with the variable "duration of EBF". At six months it was further observed negative association between "duration of EBF" with mother coming back to work . The results of this study allowed us to prove the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary intervention carried out in the post-partum time in increasing EBF rates in children at the ages of four and six months. / A Organização Mundial de Saúde recomenda o aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) até seis meses de idade e, após, que seja continuado com outros alimentos até dois anos ou mais. Apesar de já consagrada a importância do AME até os seis meses de idade, dos inúmeros benefícios comprovados para a criança e para a mãe, principalmente na redução significativa da morbimortalidade e hospitalizações infantis, essa prática é interrompida muito antes do período recomendado. A ciência de que o investimento na promoção do aleitamento materno é uma medida efetiva e de baixo custo para melhoria da saúde infantil motivou conhecer a prevalência do AME em crianças nascidas no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, os motivos que levam ao desmame precoce nessa população e avaliar o efeito de uma estratégia de intervenção multiprofissional, com vistas à promoção do aleitamento materno. Foram avaliadas as prevalências do AME aos quatro e seis meses pós-parto em dois grupos: grupo intervenção, cujas mães receberam, além das orientações da rotina do serviço, uma intervenção adicional, realizada por equipe multiprofissional; e grupo controle, cujas mães receberam apenas as orientações da rotina do serviço. Foi realizado um estudo analítico experimental, tipo ensaio de campo randomizado, no qual participaram 379 díades (mãe-bebê), sendo 194 no grupo controle e 185 no grupo intervenção. A intervenção constituiu-se de encontros em forma de dinâmica em grupo com as mães selecionadas. Os resultados demonstraram que as prevalências de AME no grupo controle foram de 42,8% aos quatro meses e de 13,4% aos seis meses. No grupo intervenção, as prevalências foram significativamente maiores: 57,8% aos 4 meses e de 26,5% aos 6 meses. Além disso, o número de dias de AME no grupo intervenção também foi significativamente maior (mediana de 150 dias) quando comparado ao controle (mediana de 113 dias). Aos quatro e seis meses foram observadas associações negativas entre as variáveis não participar da intervenção e uso de bico ou chupeta com a variável tempo de AME . Aos seis meses também foi observada associação negativa entre tempo de AME com o fato de a mãe trabalhar fora. Os resultados do presente estudo permitem comprovar a efetividade de uma intervenção multiprofissional realizada no pós-parto, em nível hospitalar, no aumento das taxas de AME em crianças tanto aos quatro como aos seis meses.

This thesis presents an analysis of the central exclusive production (CEP) of χ_c mesons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, using data collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to an effective integrated luminosity of 126.3 ± 4.3 pb⁻¹. Candidate χ_c decays are reconstructed in the K⁺K⁻ and π⁺π⁻ final states, where the final state particles have pseudorapidities between 2.5 and 4.5. The products of the cross sections and branching fractions are measured as σ x B(χ_c0 → K⁺K⁻) = 28.0 ± 2.8 ± 13.9 pb, σ x B(χ_c0 → π⁺π⁻) = 20.3 ± 2.4 ± 8.1 pb, σ x B(χ_c2 → K⁺K⁻) < 12.1 pb, σ x B(χ_c2 → π⁺π⁻) < 10.5 pb, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic, and limits are set at the 95% confidence level. A major source of systematic uncertainty is the determination of the fraction of the selected data which is CEP rather than inelastic backgrounds. Also described is HERSCHEL, a new subdetector installed at LHCb during the first long shutdown of the LHC. This is a system of forward shower counters which will provide CEP analyses with event-by-event rejection of inelastic backgrounds. The pseudorapidity coverage and detection efficiency of HERSCHEL are determined using Monte Carlo simulations. The pseudorapidity coverage extends to |η&| ≥ 10 due to the showering of collision products at the aperture limit. With a photoelectron threshold yield of 0.2 times the yield in the mean minimum bias event, the detection efficiency for single diffractive events is predicted to be 89% in the forward direction and 91% in the backward direction.

This thesis consists of three independent chapters on entry deterrence. The first two chapters consider the use of contracts as a barrier to entry, while the final chapter examines the possibility of firms expanding their product lines to deter entry in a vertical differentiation model. In Chapter 1, the role of exclusive dealing contracts in the liner shipping industry is investigated. It is shown that if the entrant is capacity-constrained, exclusive dealing contracts can be an effective entry barrier, even if the entrant has a lower cost. Chapter 2considers an industry with two stages of production. It is shown that an upstream incumbent is able to deter the entry of a more efficient producer by establishing long-term contractual relations with downstream firms, provided the downstream firms are in direct competition against each other. Chapter 3 considers the question of entry deterrence in a one-dimensional market where goods are differentiated by quality. It is shown that an incumbent firm may decide to produce several products solely for the purpose of deterring entry. Again, it is possible that a lower-cost entrant is deterred. In all three chapters, the welfare consequence is clear: social welfare is lower, since more efficient entrants are excluded from the market. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

The research presented in this dissertation investigated selected processes that involve baryons and nuclei in hard scattering reactions. These processes are characterized by the production of particles with large energies and transverse momenta. Through these processes, this work explored both, the constituent (quark) structure of baryons (specifically nucleons and ∆-Isobars), and the mechanisms through which the interactions between these constituents ultimately control the selected reactions. The first of such reactions is the hard nucleon-nucleon elastic scattering, which was studied here considering the quark exchange between the nucleons to be the dominant mechanism of interaction in the constituent picture. In particular, it was found that an angular asymmetry exhibited by proton-neutron elastic scattering data is explained within this framework if a quark-diquark picture dominates the nucleon’s structure instead of a more traditional SU(6) three quarks representation. The latter yields an asymmetry around 90o center of mass scattering with a sign opposite to what is experimentally observed. The second process is the hard breakup by a photon of a nucleon-nucleon system in light nuclei. Proton-proton (pp) and proton-neutron (pn) breakup in 3He, and ∆∆-isobars production in deuteron breakup were analyzed in the hard rescattering model (HRM), which in conjunction with the quark interchange mechanism provides a QCD description of the reaction. Through the HRM, cross sections for both channels in 3He photodisintegration were computed without the need of a fitting parameter. The results presented here for pp breakup show excellent agreement with recent experimental data. In ∆∆-isobars production in deuteron breakup, the HRM angular distributions for the two ∆∆ channels were compared to the pn channel and to each other. An important prediction from this study is that the ∆++∆- channel consistently dominates ∆+∆0, which is in contrast with models that unlike the HRM consider a ∆∆ system in the initial state of the interaction. For such models both channels should have the same strength. These results are important in developing a QCD description of the atomic nucleus.

Magister Scientiae (Nutrition Management) - MSc(NM) / Globally, health workers play a critical role in the establishment and sustenance of breastfeeding due to their frequent contacts with mothers at the antenatal clinics, maternity/birthing units, Primary Health Care Centres (PHC) and postpartum clinics. Their knowledge and attitude regarding breastfeeding will affect the quality of information about infant and young child feeding practices passed along to mothers who visit their health facilities.

Magister Scientiae (Nutrition Management) - MSc(NM) / Despite evidence-based proof on the benefits of breastfeeding, little progress has been made globally to improve breastfeeding rates (The Lancet, 2016), including in South Africa. Despite many attempts to improve breastfeeding rates worldwide, women are still choosing to stop breastfeeding or avoid it due to various factors (The Lancet, 2016). Aim: To explore the factors influencing the exclusive breastfeeding rate within the first 14 weeks postpartum with mothers in the Khayelitsha Eastern Substructure.