Magistro darbo tikslas ištirti vietos savivaldos institucijų ir nevyriausybinių organizacijų bendradarbiavimo bei finansavimo galimybes. Šio darbo objektas - Šiaulių miesto nevyriausybinių organizacijų atstovų, vietos savivaldos institucijų darbuotojų ir Šiaulių miesto gyventojų apklausa. Darbo tikslui įgyvendinti buvo iškelti tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą nevyriausybinių organizacijų klausimu; atskleisti nevyriausybinių organizacijų vaidmenį viešajame gyvenime; išanalizuoti teorinius savivaldybių ir nevyriausybinių organizacijų bendradarbiavimo aspektus; išanalizuoti nevyriausybinių organizacijų siekius, lūkesčius, tikslus Šiaulių mieste; atlikti Šiaulių nevyriausybinių organizacijų ir vietos savivaldos institucijų darbuotojų anketinę apklausą; apklausti žodžiu Šiaulių miesto gyventojus apie nevyriausybinių organizacijų vykdomą veiklą gimtajame mieste. Pagrindiniai tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė; anketinė anoniminė apklausa; atsitiktinė gyventojų apklausa; sisteminė ir lyginamoji duomenų analizė. Pagrindinės tyrimo hipotezės: nevyriausybinės organizacijos yra nepatenkintos bendradarbiavimo galimybėmis su vietos valdžios institucijomis; finansavimo ir rėmimo šaltiniai nevyriausybinėms organizacijoms yra labai menki; nevyriausybinių organizacijų vykdomai veiklai neskiriama nuolatinė finansinė parama. Atlikus tyrimus paaiškėjo, kad daugelis Šiaulių miesto vietos savivaldos institucijų darbuotojų yra visiškai nesusiję NVO vykdoma veikla... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this master‘s work is to explore collaboration and sponsorship peculiarities of local government and non-governmental organizations. The object of this work – survey of non-governmental organizations members, local government’s institution employees and inhabitants of Šiauliai city. To realize the aim of this master‘s work were set out such goals as to analyze theoretical collaboration aspects of local government and non-governmental organizations; to reveal the role of non-governmental organizations in public life; to find out objectives and expectations of non-governmental organizations in Šiauliai city; to accomplish a questionnaire survey of non-governmental members and local government‘s employees of Šiauliai city; to examine verbally inhabitants of Šiauliai city about non-governmental organizations performing activities in their home town. The main research methods are: the analysis of nonfiction literature; the anonymous questionnaire survey; the accidental inhabitant survey; the comparative and classified data analyses. The basic research hypotheses are: the non-governmental organizations are not satisfied with the collaboration possibilities of local government; sponsorship sources of non-governmental organizations are very little; non-governmental organizations are not giving permanent financial support. While accomplished researches it emerged that employees of local government are little acquainted with non-governmental organizations performing... [to full text]

This dissertation explores why and how political advocacy emerged as a dominant organizational strategy for NGOs in the international development education field. In order to answer this central question, I adopt a comparative case-study approach, examining the evolution of policy advocacy positions at two leading NGOs in the field: ActionAid International and the Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE). Although these organizations differ in significant ways, both place political advocacy at the centre of their mandates, and both have secured prominent positions in global educational governance. Through comparative analysis, I shed light on why these organizations have assumed leadership roles in a global advocacy movement. I focus on how the shift to policy advocacy reflects the internal environment of each organization as well as broader trends in the international development field. Ideas of structure and agency are thus central to my analysis. I test the applicability of two structural theories of social change: world polity theory and political opportunity theory; as well as two constructivist approaches: strategic issue framing and international norm dynamics. I offer some thoughts on establishing a more dynamic relationship between structure and agency, drawing on Fligstein and McAdam’s concept of strategic action fields. In order to test the utility of these theoretical frameworks, the study begins with a historical account of how ActionAid and ASPBAE have shifted from service- and practice- oriented organizations into political advocates. These histories are woven into a broader story of normative change in the international development field. I then examine the development of a number of key advocacy strategies at each organization, tracing how decisions are made and implemented as well as how they are influenced by the broader environment. I find that while it is essential to understand how global trends and norms enable and constrain organizational strategy, the internal decision-making processes of each organization largely shape how strategies are crafted and implemented. These findings offer insight into the pursuit of advocacy as a political strategy and the role of NGOs in global social change.

This work furthers the study of "Non-Governmental Organizations" (NGOs). It examines alternative Third World development strategies employed by them and the internal and external variables that may influence the formation or implementation of NGO strategies. A history of the growth and differentiation of NGOs follows an outline of the major channels for development assistance. / The Canadian Catholic Organization for Development and Peace (CCODP), a major Religious NGO (RNGO), serves as the focus of this study. Four five-year stages are studied to determine how factors such as government, church, Third World recipients, and staff influenced the evolution of CCODP's development strategy. Case studies from Senegal, India, and Brazil show that CCODP has yet to be able to fully employ its development strategy. The principal hypothesis is that Church teachings and initiatives were more influential than other variables in determining CCODP's development strategy. This proposition was confirmed by this study.

This study explores the notion of partnership as an approach to long-term sustainable development in Africa, by examining relationships Canadian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) forge with their donors and with counterpart NGOs in developing countries. A case study methodology was used to examine how Canadian NGOs in general, and CARE Canada in particular, work in partnership with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and Kenyan local NGOs. The findings indicate that the development themes and agendas of the past three development decades are reflected in the activities and programs of Canadian NGOs. However, very little was learned about the contribution of partnership to African development. CARE Canada's partnership relations seem to be guided by the development priorities of funding agencies such as CIDA, which dictate how CARE relates to its Kenyan partners. Partnership seems only to facilitate an environment for dialogue between organizations, concerning needs, constraints and fiscal accountability. The study proposes that further research on the concept of development partnerships needs to be carried out in-depth to determine how this model can be used in building capacities of African organizations.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

One key principle in Mozambican rural development policy is community participation. Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play an important role in the process. Taking the district of Mocuba, in Zamb6zia province (Mozambique) as an example, this dissertation analyzes the way NGOs implement community participation following national policies and promoting environmental awareness. The study evaluates the implementation of community participation as a critical contributing factor to environmentally oriented. and sustainable development projects by assessing and systematizing NGOs' interpretations and practices through specific development projects. Following its specific objectives, the study focuses on the importance of community participation and the role of NGOs. It characterises NGOs operating in Mocuba, tackling their co-ordination with other development stakeholders, and the extent to which community participation is put into practice. The study also presents and discusses stakeholders' knowledge on the relevant rural development legislation, focussing on NGOs' perceptions, interpretations, experiences, practices, weaknesses, limitations and problems related to community participation and the environment in local development. Although limited in scope to only one district and six NGOs, the present dissertation represents in microcosm the extent to which NGOs know and apply the principle of community participation and environmental issues in response to the country's relevant official policies, particularly considering those findings and discussions on: limited interNGO co-ordination and limited interaction with private enterprises and political parties, limited knowledge about rural development and its legal framework and community participation methodologies, the little weight given to environmental issues, and the token community participation. As a consequence and in line with its conceptual framework this research document appeals also for urgent and critical reassessments in the way development policies are prepared, issued, disseminated, implemented and monitored at relevant levels and by relevant stakeholders. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.

In an effort to address the poverty situation in world, the international community set up Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) committing countries to work towards achieving these by 2015. Tanzania is one of the poor countries located in Sub-Sahara Africa and is expected to work towards the MDGs. Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) are some of the efforts made by the government of Tanzania to achieve these goals. A nongovernmental organization within Civil Society sector is the subject of this study. The researcher believes in the importance of the organization and other similar organizations as major contributors in delivering the objectives of the poverty reduction strategy in the country. The research investigated the current institutional framework of the Non Governmental Organization (NGO) in Tanzania, specifically focusing on its financing strategy with a view to assess how the strategy can be strengthened or changed in order for the organization to remain strong and effective. The key questions of the study being; what make up an effective financing strategy, Can an NGO be financially sustainable without donor support? And what constitute a financially stable organization? The methodology used during the study included interviews with staff members and other key stakeholder, consulting literature and other relevant organization documents. The information collected was analyzed using a range of strategic analysis and research tools. Key to the financial stability is ensuring that the organization does quality and relevant work that is well planned and undertaken by motivated and competent staff. The study concludes that structures need to be reviewed time to time and defined to reflect organization's reality. Given the organization's situation it is recommended that capacity building work it does is accelerated and extended to local government as long as it will not affect the organization's core values. The Vision and mission should stay the same. To avoid confusion with the stakeholders and tax authorities the management should clarify non-profit making status of the organization. An audit of personnel capacity need to be carried out and their work responsibilities reviewed. Finally the organization should develop a clear proposal on capacity building for poverty reduction to access more donors funding. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal,2007.

The study is a comparative analysis of the development of two networks of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Jalisco and their contribution to the strengthening of the political capacities of NGOs. A new view of civil society is introduced that emphasizes its multiple functions and forms the basis for disaggregating capacity into three dimensions: defensive, propositional and infrastructural. A political process approach draws from social movement theory for understanding the emergence and activities of NGO networks. / The development of NGOs in Mexico from the 1960s through the 1990s is analyzed as the result of mobilization in response to political opportunities arising from transformations to the political and social policy regimes of the Mexican state. The study compares the national pattern with the experience of two regional NGO networks: Foro de Organismos Civiles de Oaxaca (FOCO) and Foro de Organismos Civiles de Jalisco (FOCIV). Each network emerged in response to state-level defensive and propositional opportunities. / Comparative historical case studies and a latitudinal analysis of linkage development reveal the contribution of these two networks to capacity-building. Increased communication between member organizations was an positive result of the network activities. However, neither network strengthened linkages of NGOs with popular movements, political parties, or the state. The study confirms earlier research findings that these types of networks contribute to the development of pluralism in civil society, but reveals the defence of NGO autonomy to be a barrier to greater linkage development. / The focus on autonomy can distance NGOs from other important political actors and their struggles, hinder coordination with other actors, and thus reduce the political effectiveness of the networks. The two cases also illustrate the important role of third-order NGOs to the development of the sector as a whole, and suggest that linkages tend to be stronger in networks where third-order NGOs promote network development.

In his 2005 work entitled The Marketing of Rebellion , author Clifford Bob explores the phenomenon of political marketing and its use by insurgent groups struggling to achieve their aims, most often against a central government opposed to their platform. In his book, Bob makes two central arguments: that courting support from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is central to the success of insurgent groups; and that support is given to insurgent groups from NGOs not because of need, but rather because of political marketing techniques that insurgent groups use to attract that support. Thus, a successful and savvy insurgent group or opposition movement must employ sophisticated political marketing techniques in order to acquire the support they seek, and thus succeed in their struggle. / Using Bob's framework as a model, this paper examines the Mojahedin-e Khalq (MeK) and their use of political marketing techniques, largely in the period of 2001-2006. In existence since 1965, the MeK is Iran's largest opposition group, having been formed to oppose the rule of Shah Reza Pahlavi, and currently opposed to the clerical regime in Tehran. The bulk of the group has been based in Iraq since 1986, and has been confined to their main base, Camp Ashraf, since the U.S.-led invasion that toppled the Ba'ath regime in Iraq in 2003. The MeK aggressively uses political marketing to promote their cause and attract support, and thus the paper examines their strategies, discusses characteristics of the MeK, and ultimately offers a series of explanations as to the outcome of their efforts as they stand in 2006.

This dissertation view a sample of projects conducted by two different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Dharavi, a slum-area in Mumbai, India, and examines how they con-tribute to children and youth ́s social development and empowerment. Due to the large global population of children and youths, as well as that a large percentage of the world ́s inhabitants reside in slum-areas, it is considered of importance to gain information regarding the social work that isbeing conducted with the focus. The field work is carried out through interviews and observations in the area. The focus is five different projects that are conducted by two different NGOs in Mumbai. This dissertation display how the two theories, empowerment and social development, are connected to each other as well as the positive impact the NGOs have on the participating childrenand youths. The findings of the field work lead to an understand-ing in which ways NGOs can help children and youths to reachempowerment and how they contribute to the social development of the participants. The research shows the impact the organizations activities have on the children and youths lives. / Denna uppsats granskar ett urval av projekt som genomförs av två olika icke-statliga organisationer i Dharavi, ett slumområde i Mumbai, Indien, och undersöker hur de bidrar till barn och ungdomars sociala utveckling och empowerment. Då en stor del av världens befolkning består av barn och ungdomar, samt att en stor del av den globala populationen lever i slumområden, anses det viktigt att inhämta information gällande det sociala arbete som bedrivs i dessa områden. Data till uppsatsen har inhämtats genom intervjuer och observationer från två icke-statliga organisationer i det valda området. Uppsatsen visar hur de två teorierna, empowerment och social utveckling, är kopplade till varandra och påvisar även det positiva inflytande de icke-statliga organisationerna har på sina deltagare. Resultaten av fältarbetet leder till en förståelse för på vilket sätt de enskilda organisationer kan bidra till att barn och ungdomar uppnår empowerment samt hur de bidrar till deltagarnas sociala utveckling. Forskningen visar den effekt organisationerna har på barnen och ungdomarnas liv.