The 1999 earthquakes revealed serious gaps in the Turkish disaster management system. The lack of coordination and cooperation between governmental and non-governmental organizations, limits in the legal framework and the lack of policies and plans about disaster preparedness and mitigation are basic. It is highly relevant therefore to expose these deficiencies and find which changes are necessary for capacity building in civil initiatives and which policies can be put into practice to form a strong and a sustainable organizational structure between governmental organizations and civil initiatives. This required reconsidering the events of 1999 Marmara earthquakes and civil initiatives&rsquo / activities. The analyses have been made among civil initiatives to expose their objectives, their response to earthquakes and future plans. Futher, this required discussion of the current state of disaster management system and legal structure. Findings are that a number of creative activities of civil initiatives can be observed after the Marmara earthquakes. However, the existing level of collaboration with governmental organizations is inadequate, considering the magnitude of disasters taking place in Turkey and the degree of the people&rsquo / s vulnerability. Efforts such as new draft of law of Turgey Emergency Management General Directorate (TEMGD) seem to provide means to meet the requirements. This draft law could provide the tools to accommodate civil initiatives The law could be revised so as to maintain a legal basis for civil initiatives&rsquo / activities as part of disaster management system indicating that governmental organizations should work together in coordination with civil initiatives. Secondly, to encourage voluntary activities, a number of provisions should be available such as life insurance against accidents for the accredited volunteers. Thirdly, TEGMD should also act to find partners for supporting civil initiatives in their financial, personnel training and management needs. With increasing conviction in the need for participatory approaches and people-oriented developments, civil initiatives are committed to face challenges in mitigating and preparing for the variety of disasters facing Turkey.

Errata pasted on front end papers. / Bibliography: leaves 356-371. / xxii, 371 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1996?

Tez (Doktora) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, 2007. / Bibliyografya var.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis explores the relationship between identity, social interaction, and social practice, through a case study of young diasporans of Ethiopian origin (YDEOs) from North America and their engagements in Ethiopian development initiatives. Specifically, I examine the ways in which people of Ethiopian descent born and/or raised in Canada and the U.S. construct a diasporic identity and engage with Ethiopian development initiatives through a mutually constitutive process. My methods were qualitative and involved conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with 55 YDEOs and attending 8 community events in Toronto, Washington, D.C., and Addis Ababa. All of the YDEOs I interviewed had actively engaged in initiatives (based in North America or Ethiopia) intended to contribute towards the social, political, and/or economic development of Ethiopia. Their initiatives included fundraising events, establishing local NGOs, volunteer missions, and taking professional positions within the Ethiopian development sector, among others. Utilising an interactionist theoretical framework, I unpack YDEO motivations for engaging in Ethiopian development, the nature of the development activities themselves, and the ways in which these experiences have shaped YDEO relationships, identities, and trajectories in life so far. Engaging in Ethiopian development was rarely expressed as an extension of a pre-existing sense of Ethiopian patriotism; rather, YDEOs used these practices to explore, test, or build a sense of connection to their country of origin. Further, the development framework made it possible for them to forge a relationship that also resonated with their other social identities, and could even be leveraged to further other personal and professional goals. YDEO engagements in Ethiopian development were not simply interventions; they were fundamentally social processes defined by social interactions. In the process of organising fundraising events, volunteering at orphanages, and working on project reports, YDEOs were also building personal connections, gaining social capital, and redefining attitudes towards their families, communities, development, and Ethiopia itself. This thesis contributes an in-depth and critical analysis of the diaspora/development nexus - a nexus that emerges as a contested space, where people act and are acted upon, where identities are reified and transformed, and where institutions and social structures are both strengthened and challenged. The insights from migrant descendant experiences, such as YDEOs, highlights the ways in which diasporic identities take shape and are imbued with meaning through social practice, and how these practices are connected to broader human psychosocial needs, aspirations, and behaviours.

This study evaluates the impact of Third Sector- supported rural development projects in three rural communities of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. It focusses on how interventions driven by this sector – denoted by, among others, local and international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) - impact the lives and livelihoods of the rural poor. This is against the background of an established discourse that views NGOs as effective agents in the alleviation of poverty. The thesis contends that praise for the Third Sector is driven mostly by advocacy than based on systematic scientific evidence of the real impact of NGO-sponsored rural development interventions. Rural agricultural development projects supported by two Eastern Cape-based NGOs (the one a local NGO, and the other international) were selected for the study. A mini survey was conducted in the communities where the projects are located. Survey data were complemented by qualitative data obtained through focus groups, semi-structured and in-depth interviews as well as key informant interviews. The study found that whereas the projects had been established by the state later went moribund, they were resuscitated by the NGOs through a largely ‘bottom-up’ model of rural development intermediation. In other words, the interventions were resuscitated through a relatively robust prior engagement with project beneficiaries. As a result, while originally lacking a meaningful sense of local empowerment, ownership, and commitment, the projects had become revived and now played an important role in the livelihoods of some community members – even though social grants remained the primary and main source of income for those community members. Even so, the narratives of community members revealed what may be termed a ‘transformation paradox’ in the way the projects were implemented. The NGOs seemed to have replaced one kind of lop-sidedness in rural development (the exclusion of women) with another (the exclusion of men), by focussing on community projects that were ‘culturally’ deemed as ’women jobs’. In this way, the interventions appeared like a systematic attempt to do away with the ‘feminisation of rural poverty’ and entrench the ‘feminisation of rural development interventions’. The study concludes from these and other findings, that the key to understanding the significance and impact of Third Sector-supported development interventions in the rural arena – especially in the Eastern Cape context – is to go beyond the proliferation of NGOs and NGO-supported projects – and the broad sweep of advocacy that underpins it – and pay equally robust attention to systematically studying how these projects resonate at the grassroots, especially from a beneficiary perspective.

[pt] O uso do recurso Amicus Curiae no controle concentrado de constitucionalidade por parte das Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) que atuam na defesa de direitos humanos é o tema central desta tese. O Amicus Curiae é importante figura de legitimação nos processos que visam ao controle concentrado de constitucionalidade, uma vez que permite a participação ativa da sociedade, por meio de entidades, órgãos, grupos e instituições que expõem os princípios e valores da maioria. Destaca-se que a atuação de entidades associativas do chamado Terceiro Setor favorece a legitimidade dos pareceres jurídicos sobre normas que regularão o interesse coletivo e que tal legitimação é usada como fonte de segurança jurídica em casos de ativismo judiciário. A partir de uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa, foram analisados processos que aceitaram entidades classificadas pelo critério 9 da FASFIL/IBGE como desenvolvimento e defesa de direitos e que atuaram como Amicus Curiae em Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (ADINs) no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) entre 2000 e 2016. Aponta-se que a sociedade civil, crescentemente institucionalizada, indica a profissionalização das narrativas conflitivas e sua orientação na busca de sua hegemonia, fortemente ancorada na vontade geral, como o instituto do Amicus Curiae aponta potencialmente. Tal recurso, ainda que em trajetória de afirmação como instrumento de representação da vida associativa, é indicativo da vontade de ocupar (bem como é convidado a participar da comunidade de intérpretes para assegurar a legitimidade de decisões judiciais ativistas) a arena representativa e participativa da vida democrática. / [en] This thesis examines the uses of the Amicus Curiae legal expedient by non-governmental organizations in defense of human rights, in Brazil, between 2000 and 2016. The Amicus Curiae becomes an important legal figure for legitimation in cases that aim at concentrated constitutional control, since it enables de active participation of society by way of entities, branches, groups, and institutions that express the principles and values of the majority of the population. More specifically, this thesis emphasizes that the activity of entities in the so-called Third Sector favors the legitimation of legal opinions on norms that will regulate collective interests, and that such legitimation is used as a source of juridical security in cases of (political) activism in the judiciary branch. Employing both qualitative and quantitative analysis, this thesis examines cases in which entities classed under FASFIL/IBGE s criterion 9 (development and protection of human rights) were accepted, and acted as Amicus Curiae in Cases of Direct Unconstitutionality (ADIN s) in the Brazilian Supreme Court between 2000 and 2016. Civil society, ever more institutionalized, points to a professionalization of conflicting narratives and their orientation towards hegemony, strongly anchored in the general will, as the use of the Amicus Curiae legal institution seems to reveal. Such an expedient, whose affirmation as an instrument of representation of social life is still in process, indicates the desire to occupy (as well as being invited to participate in the community of interpreters in order to assure the legitimacy of activist judicial decisions) the arena of democratic representation and participation.

1. BACKGROUND 1.1 The key aspects on which the Committee was charged to advise the Deputy President on were: • the appropriate and functional relationships that could be evolved between government and organs of civil society with respect to the provision of capacity for the implementation of the RDP; • the feasibility of an appropriate funding mechanism that would enable a co-ordinated approach to the funding of civil society organisations, the relationships of such a mechanism with current development funding players and other transitional mechanisms; • a mechanism to promote a sustainable partnership between these organisations with government. KEY FINDINGS OF THE COMMITTEE After careful consideration of all pertinent factors, the Committee established that: 2. 1 In spite of broad support for the RDP, there is no coordinated approach to tackling poverty. Government has been able to attract aid and has not found it easy to use such large funding owing to processes of change management and the processes of setting up local government infrastructures. Concomitant with these issues is the lack of management skills at the Government levels. 2. 2 Organs of civil society involved in development work in South Africa remain a rich inheritance for the Government of National Unity. These institutions, generally referred to as Community Based Organisations (CBOs) or Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) span a wide variety of the development landscape. These organs of Civil Society seek to fuel the development agenda of South Africa through participation in the RDP, but have often found themselves frustrated by the lack of clear policy and connecting points with Government in general. 2. 3 Experience from other countries show that the role of CSOs in development and the sustenance of democracy is a key feature of advanced democracies. Foreign research proved that cooperation between CSOs and various tiers government has often produced positive results. Owing to their affinity, empathy and proximity to the broader populace CSOs have always proved to be effective in meeting the basic needs of the population they serve. 2. 4 The initial energizing force for development which broadly funded the CSO sector has transformed. Local development funding institutions have developed a new focus and business approach. The Kagiso Trust and the IDT are gearing themselves to operate as development implementation institutions as against solely the funding of development and the facilitation of funding for development initiatives. 2. 5 Foreign aid funding, money which was historically marked for CSOs, is largely being directly channeled to Government. This source of funding has progressively declined since the 1994 elections. Indications are that this pattern is likely to continue as erstwhile traditional International Aid donors prefer bilateral funding arrangements with government. Corporate grant funding which in any case has always been limited to the CSO sector will continue to flow to corporate programmes and will remain a significant factor to this sector. 2. 6 Development CSOs operate within a restrictive environment in respect of taxation and registration. 2.7 There is broad and significant support for a positive structural relationship and a coordinated funding mechanism between CSOs and Government to promote the objectives and principles of the RDP. 2.8 The need to establish a channel of communication between CSOs and government. Through this mechanism, government and CSOs would be able to agree on RDP and development. / Prepared for the Deputy President the Honorable Mr Thabo Mbeki

Submitted by Kelly Ayala (kelly.ayala@fgv.br) on 2016-09-06T19:32:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Abranches.pdf: 726561 bytes, checksum: 3f6286154069f7301c6dea2cec5a5d81 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Kelly Ayala (kelly.ayala@fgv.br) on 2016-09-06T19:36:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Abranches.pdf: 726561 bytes, checksum: 3f6286154069f7301c6dea2cec5a5d81 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Kelly Ayala (kelly.ayala@fgv.br) on 2016-09-06T19:38:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Abranches.pdf: 726561 bytes, checksum: 3f6286154069f7301c6dea2cec5a5d81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T19:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Abranches.pdf: 726561 bytes, checksum: 3f6286154069f7301c6dea2cec5a5d81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The public sphere is a space of intersection between the government representation and the society. In consequence, it represents a new dynamic in the society and an increase of the public domain. Because of it’s function, composition, quality and in result it’s relevance, there is a possibility of a participant democracy action. As so, participation and autonomy are bases to construct an increased public sphere. The autonomy is a crucial element to the society, because without it, the participation in the public sphere is incapable of causing transformation. The aim of this work is to understand the relation between the State and Noun Governmental Organizations (NGO), focusing on the organizations leaders, and considering the tension between participation and autonomy. Provided that the NGOs are trying to become more participant in governmental decision. The choice to focus NOGs was based on their importance as politics actors though out Brazilian history, mainly after the 80’s. Also, because though in these institutions the issue of autonomy has been questioned and debated frequently. In order to do so, NGO leaders from Rio de Janeiro, Brasília and São Paulo where interview. It was visible that the autonomy theme is present in all the speeches. Even though examples of limits in the participation, frustrations and embarrassment related with the NGOs actions were part of every interview, there is a coherency in their discourses, related to the conception and at the criterions which give meaning to 'autonomy'. As autonomy is a key element to the NGOs action, is able to realized that it trend is towards the radicalization of democracy, as a result of the deepening of the public sphere. / A esfera pública se constitui no espaço de encontro entre representantes do Estado e representantes da sociedade civil. Desta maneira, representa uma nova dinâmica da sociedade e, portanto, em uma ampliação do domínio público. É em função de sua composição, qualidade e, em conseqüência, sua relevância, que há a possibilidade de efetivação de uma democracia participativa. Assim, participação e a autonomia são variáveis alicerces para a construção de uma esfera pública ampliada. A autonomia é elemento crucial para a sociedade, visto que, sem ela, a participação na esfera pública é incapaz de gerar transformação. Este trabalho, portanto, tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre Estado e organizações não governamentais (ONGs) a partir da percepção de dirigentes das organizações tendo em vista a tensão entre participação e autonomia dado que buscam estar cada vez mais inseridos na tomada de decisão governamental. A escolha pelas ONGs se deve pela sua importância enquanto atores políticos na história brasileira, principalmente a partir dos anos de 1980, e, também, por serem instituições em que a questão da autonomia vem sendo debatida e questionada. Desta forma, foram feitas entrevistas com dirigentes de seis organizações não governamentais das cidades do Rio de Janeiro, Brasília e São Paulo. Observou-se na pesquisa de campo que a questão da autonomia permeou todas as falas. Por mais que exemplos de limites à participação, frustrações e constrangimentos à atuação das organizações não governamentais fossem bastante destacados, há uma coerência nos discursos no que tange a concepção de autonomia e nos critérios que dão significado a ela. Assim, como a autonomia é um dos elementos chaves para a atuação das ONGs, percebe-se que a tendência é de radicalização da democracia fruto do aprofundamento da esfera pública.

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-02T17:05:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6221260 bytes, checksum: 38caf1671e3e7b6bbbcfa79a7767b588 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T17:05:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 6221260 bytes, checksum: 38caf1671e3e7b6bbbcfa79a7767b588 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / This research aimed to analyze the actions that constitute the process of Information Management, adopted in the implementation of artistic workshops developed by the Non Governmental Organization – Centro Cultural Piollin. The theoretical framework discussed the issues of Information Science and the importance of Information Management in the Third Sector context. The methodological procedures of the research were based on quantitative and qualitative approach, characterized as an exploratory, applied and descriptive research, besides the use of literature, documentary and field research for data collection. About the data collection instruments, semi-structured interviews were used for all the categories of publics. The literature review and documentary research, that took place in the first stage, revealed the actions of the information management process that were used as a parameter for the categories analysis, according to the model proposed by Choo (2003). From the survey, presentation and analysis of data, which were collected during the field research, it was possible to analyze the categories that compose the information management process adopted in the implementation of artistic workshops developed by Centro Cultural Piollin;. Data analysis was done through content analysis, from the theme technique according to Bardin (1979), which are them: information needs; acquisition of information; organization and storage of information; development of information products and services; distribution of information and use of information. At the end of the analysis the final considerations and critical analysis are presented based on the objectives and on the data collected about the research field. From this analysis, it was realized that the absence of a management that includes the information as a strategic and transformer element, causes deficiencies and gaps that can influence the outcome of which it seeks to achieve with the workshops; it means that such gaps end up subtracting the benefits they could bring to the learners, being the largest one, the use of artistic and playful expressions as a way to educate for citizenship. In this sense, it is extremely necessary to Piollin, with regard to the offered workshops, make efforts to increase the information management up to a strategic level, capable of preventing the shortcomings and gaps in the information, and thus, to assist in achieving the desired goals by the workshops and the Centre. / Este trabalho teve o objetivo analisar as ações que compõem o processo de Gestão da Informação adotadas na implementação das oficinas artísticas desenvolvidas pela Organização Não Governamental – Centro Cultural Piollin. No referencial teórico foram abordadas as temáticas da Ciência da Informação e a importância da Gestão da Informação no contexto do Terceiro Setor. Os procedimentos metodológicos da investigação integram a abordagem quantiqualitativa, caracterizada como uma pesquisa exploratória, aplicada e descritiva, além do uso da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo para a coleta dos dados. Quanto aos instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas para todas as categorias de público do Centro. A análise bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental, ocorridas numa primeira etapa, revelaram os processos de gestão da informação que foram utilizadas como parâmetro para a análise das categorias segundo o modelo proposto por Choo (2003). A partir do levantamento, apresentação e análise dos dados, que foram coletados durante a pesquisa de campo, foi possível analisar as categorias que compõem o processo de gestão da informação adotadas na implementação das oficinas artísticas desenvolvidas pelo Centro Cultural Piollin. A análise dos dados se deu por meio da análise de conteúdo, a partir da técnica temática segundo Bardin (1979). Sendo estas categorias: a de necessidades de informação; a de aquisição da informação; a de organização e armazenamento da informação; a de desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços de informação; a de distribuição da informação e a de uso da informação. No final das análises são apresentadas as considerações finais e a análise crítica elaboradas com base nos objetivos e nos dados coletados acerca do campo de pesquisa.