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Local Maximum Entropy (LME) method is an approximation technique which has been known to have good approximation characteristics. This is due to its non-negative shape functions and the weak Kronecker delta property which allow the solutions to be continuous and smooth as compared to the Moving Least Square method (MLS) which is used in the Element Free Galerkin method (EFG). The method is based on a convex optimisation scheme where a non-linear equation is solved with the help of a Newton algorithm, implemented in an in-house code called SESKA. In this study, the aim is to compare LME and MLS and highlight the differences. Preliminary benchmark tests of LME are found to be very conclusive. The method is able to approximate deformation of a cantilever beam with higher accuracy as compared to MLS. Moreover, its rapid convergence rate, based on a Cook's membrane problem, demonstrated that it requires a relatively coarser mesh to reach the exact solution. With those encouraging results, LME is then applied to a larger non-linear cardiac mechanics problem. That is simulating a healthy and a myocardial infarcted canine left ventricle (LV) during one heart beat. The LV is idealised by a prolate spheroidal ellipsoid. It undergoes expansion during the diastolic phase, addressed by a non-linear passive stress model which incorporates the transversely isotropic properties of the material. The contraction, during the systolic phase, is simulated by Guccione's active stress model. The infarct region is considered to be non-contractile and twice as stiff as the healthy tissue. The material loss, especially during the necrotic phase, is incorporated by the use of a homogenisation approach. Firstly, the loss of the contraction ability of the infarct region counteracts the overall contraction behaviour by a bulging deformation where the occurrence of high stresses are noted. Secondly, with regards to the behaviour of LME, it is found to feature high convergence rate and a decrease in computation time with respect to MLS. However, it is also observed that LME is quite sensitive to the nodal spacing in particular for an unstructured nodal distribution where it produces results that are completely unreliable.

archives@tulane.edu / 1 / Mart Trasberg

Bibliography: pages 171-176. / This thesis is a theoretical enquiry into the financial policies of local governments in South Africa. The basic principles governing this issue are presented in Chapter Six. The theory of corporate debt capacity is drawn upon and an analogous model of local government debt capacity is presented. The Modiglian/Miller approach is adapted, and the conclusions of this model applied in the local government context. The implication is drawn that local government officials see the incurment of debt as increasing the financial riskiness of the local area, just as corporate executives see corporate debt as increasing the riskiness of the firm. It is hypothesised that local governments which are very loosely linked, politically and economically, to the people they serve will be more risk averse than fiscally or electorally sensitive governments, and will display greater reluctance to incur debt. In so doing, they will sacrifice opportunities to improve the area by favourable capital development, financed by a judicious combination of debt and current revenue. Current available data on a cross section of local governments is presented which tentatively confirms this hypothesis.

<p> This thesis gives basic properties of the newly defined topological properties local paracompactness and strong local paracompactness. An example is given to show that they do not coincide in T2 spaces; another example is given of a strongly locally paracompact T2 space which is neither locally compact nor paracompact. The existence of a one point paracompactification analagous to the Aleksandrov one point compactification is constructed and proved for strongly locally paracompact T2 spaces. Also considered are conditions under which these two properties are preserved under closed maps and heredity.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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No / International peace- and state-building interventions have become ubiquitous in international politics since the 1990s, aiming to tackle the security problems stemming from the instability afflicting many developing states. Their frequent failures have prompted a shift towards analysing how the interaction between interveners and recipients shapes outcomes. This book critically assesses the rapidly growing literature in international relations and development studies on international intervention and local politics. It advances an innovative approach, placing the politics of scale at the core of the conflicts and compromises shaping the outcomes of international intervention. Different scales - local, national, international - privilege different interests, unevenly allocating power, resources and political opportunity structures. Interveners and recipients thus pursue scalar strategies and socio-political alliances that reinforce their power and marginalise rivals. This approach is harnessed towards examining three prominent case studies of international intervention - Aceh, Cambodia and Solomon Islands - with a focus on public administration reform.