A alvenaria estrutural tem sido amplamente empregada na construção civil brasileira, sendo o segmento de empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda uma de suas principais aplicações. Neste segmento de mercado, a qualidade das edificações tem sido estudada por diversos autores. Porém, poucos destes estudos reconheceram o caráter multidimensional da qualidade e tampouco explicitaram a perspectiva da qualidade que estava sendo utilizada. Nos empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda, as dimensões da qualidade de confiabilidade e conformidade são fundamentais. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a relação das não-conformidades do processo construtivo de alvenaria estrutural em empreendimentos habitacionais de baixa renda com a confiabilidade do produto. Esta análise foi realizada em oito empreendimentos concluídos e em oito empreendimentos em construção no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, relativos a dois programas promovidos pela CAIXA: o Programa de Arrendamento Residencial e do Programa Imóvel na Planta. Para mensurar a confiabilidade do produto foi proposto um método de análise sistemática por observação direta de manifestações patológicas. A aplicação deste método resultou num coeficiente de defeitos por unidades (CDU), o qual apresentou diferenças significativas entre os empreendimentos estudados. A partir da análise das não-conformidades foi possível identificar as principais oportunidades e barreiras à melhoria da alvenaria estrutural nestes empreendimentos. Estes fatores foram analisados tanto no processo de construção destes empreendimentos como no processo de avaliação da qualidade adotado pela CAIXA. / Structural masonry has been widely used in the Brazilian construction industry. One of the main applications in Brazil has been in the low-income housing project segment. Several authors have studied the quality of construction in this segment. However, most studies do not take into account the multidimensional character of quality, and only a few define the dimension of quality that has been considered. The dimensions of reliability and conformance are fundamental in low-income housing projects. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the relationship between nonconformances of structural masonry in low-income housing and product reliability. This analysis involved eight housing projects already delivered to the users as well as eight housing projects under construction, all of them located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Those housing projects are part of two programs promoted by the Brazilian Public Savings Bank: The Residential Leasing Program and the Building Plan Program (Programa Imóvel na Planta). In order to measure the reliability of the product, a method of systematic analysis by direct observation of structural masonry failures was used. The application of this method resulted in a measure of defective elements (CDU), which indicated significant differences on the quality between the housing projects that were studied. It was possible to identify opportunities for improvement in structural masonry based on the analysis of non conformances. These factors were analyzed during the construction process as well as during the quality control process conducted by the Public Savings Bank.

Uma das áreas da engenharia civil que têm apresentado maior potencial de crescimento é a execução de edifícios em alvenaria estrutural. Usualmente são utilizados procedimentos puramente experimentais para o desenvolvimento dos processos construtivos e de projeto. Entretanto, a experimentação sem uma modelagem teórica prévia pode ser muito dispendiosa. A modelagem numérica, desde que confiável, pode ser de grande ajuda na redução do número de corpos-de-prova a serem ensaiados e do número de pontos a serem instrumentados, bem como o seu devido posicionamento. Isso significa diminuição de custos e maior eficiência na obtenção de resultados. No presente trabalho apresentam-se as ferramentas computacionais mais adequadas para a análise de alvenaria estrutural submetida a compressão, objetivando o suporte teórico a pesquisas experimentais. Elabora-se um estudo comparativo sobre os vários recursos de modelagem numérica, linear e não-linear, disponíveis em softwares comerciais baseados no método dos elementos finitos. Inicialmente, após a apresentação do estado da arte, investiga-se a modelagem numérica do volume elementar representativo da alvenaria. Modelos não-lineares são, então, escolhidos, aferindo-os com resultados disponíveis na literatura técnica. São realizadas simulações de casos específicos de paredes de alvenaria submetidas à compressão, assim como a interação de paredes sujeitas a carregamentos verticais. Resultados experimentais são comparados com os produzidos por modelos lineares e não-lineares, focando a análise na sua representatividade e no seu grau de precisão / The construction of structural masonry buildings has been one of the most increasing civil engineering areas. The development of building and design methods usually is based only on experiments. However, testing without previous numerical analysis can be very expensive. Numerical modeling, since reliable, can be greatly helpful for reducing the number of experimental tests and the number of instrumented points, including the improvement of their positions. That enables smaller costs and higher efficiency in obtaining the results. The present work deals with the most appropriate computational strategies for the analysis of masonry walls subjected to compression, focusing the theoretical support for experimental research programs. A comparative study is elaborated on the several capabilities of linear and nonlinear numerical models, which are available in commercial computer programs based on the finite element method. Initially, after the presentation of the state-of-the-art, the numerical analysis of the representative volume masonry element is investigated. Nonlinear models are chosen and confronted with available results in the technical literature. Specific cases of masonry walls submitted to compression are numerical simulated, including the interaction of intersecting walls under vertical loads. Experimental results are compared to those produced by linear and nonlinear numerical modeling, emphasizing their effectiveness and precision

Um edifício de alvenaria estrutural normalmente se apóia sobre uma estrutura de concreto armado. Devido à existência do efeito arco, a interação entre a alvenaria e a estrutura de concreto se dá de forma complexa. Usualmente essa interação é desconsiderada e as cargas das paredes de alvenaria são simplesmente colocadas na estrutura de concreto de maneira uniforme. Este trabalho propõe um procedimento numérico seguro e eficiente, baseado no método dos elementos finitos, para se considerar essa interação. Inicialmente são discutidos alguns conceitos básico sobre o efeito arco e estabelecida uma estratégia de cálculo baseada na modelagem de um pavimento de alvenaria sobre a estrutura de concreto armado. Em seguida é apresentado um programa para gerar dados e visualizar resultados, de forma que a construção dos modelos e a visualização dos resultados seja realizada com facilidade. Como aplicação, consideram-se os casos reais de edifícios completos de forma a se mostrar a possibilidade de utilização prática dos procedimentos propostos. / A structural masonry building is commonly supported by a reinforced concrete structure. That interaction is complex to evaluate due to the existence of the so-called \"arch effect\". In fact, usually this interaction is not considered and the loads are uniformly applied over the concrete structure. This work proposes a simple and efficient numerical procedure based on the finite element method in order to consider that interaction. First, basic concepts about arch effect and the adopted strategy for considering it are shown. After, a computational program for data generation and results visualization is presented. This program was developed for making easier to build the numerical models for the analysis. Finally, real cases of complete buildings are considered so that the practical use can be clearly established.

Orientador: Newton de Oliveira Pinto Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:14:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maas_CelsoRicardo_M.pdf: 5291856 bytes, checksum: eb48c5e46eeba69d2c7fae64e7014aea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Os dois objetivos principais deste trabalho são verificar e analisar a redução da carga de ruptura de paredes de alvenaria estrutural, quando os blocos são assentados com argamassa apenas nas suas paredinhas longitudinais (argamassa longitudinal). Estas verificações e análises se fazem necessárias porque a NBR 8798 (1985) ainda especifica a colocação de argamassa em todas as paredes dos blocos (argamassa plena), embora o que mais se tem observado nas nossas construções é a colocação de argamassa apenas nas paredinhas longitudinais. Além disso, essas verificações se tornam mais necessárias quando se sabe que esse tipo de assentamento é o mais usado nos países mais ricos e desenvolvidos do mundo. Para a determinação do valor dessa redução, bem como para melhor compreender a ruptura das paredes com esses dois tipos de assentamento, foram ensaiados corpos-de-prova de blocos, prismas e paredes de 1,00 m de altura, na idade de 14 dias, com argamassa plena e longitudinal. Todos os ensaios foram feitos com blocos de concreto e com blocos cerâmicos. Finalizando, após evidenciar as deficiências dos atuais modelos de prismas, principalmente dos prismas com argamassa longitudinal, este trabalho tem como um último objetivo propor novos modelos de prismas para ensaios, em conformidade com os tipos de assentamento / Abstract: The two main aims of this work are to verify and analyze the reduction of the compressive strength of structural masonry walls, when the blocks are laid with mortar only in the outside faces of the block (face shell bedding). These verifications and analysis are important because, although the Brazilian code NBR 8798 (1985) still specifies that the entire block surface must be bonded (full mortar bedding), in Brazil the most used type of bedding is the face shell bedding. Besides, these verifications are important because we notice that the face shell bedding is used in the richest countries. In order to find the magnitude of this reduction and to understand the collapse of the two types of bedding, 14 days old specimens of blocks, prisms and wallettes of one meter height were tested, with face shell and full mortar bedding. All the tests were carried out with concrete and ceramic structural blocks. After realize the handicaps of the Brazilian prisms, mainly that ones bonded whit face shell bedding, the last aim of this work is to propose a new model of prisms, to be used in laboratory tests / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

This work had as main objective to analyze the work safety in the constructive system in structural masonry, in comparison with the conventional constructive system. For that, they were studied the two constructive systems, describing your construction phases and analyzing for each, the equipments of individual and collective protection necessary. It was also made a study on the report and the current state of the work safety in this country in the last years besides a historical revision it was accomplished on structural masonry and your constructive means. Starting from this moment, the constructive process of two constructions was analyzed, an executed starting from the conventional and other system in structural masonry. For each one of them, was observed, in each constructive phase, the amount of work accidents happened. With the obtained data, it can he ended that, in the structural masonry, was reduced the amount of accidents, in comparison with the conventional system, and, starting from the there, with the graphic analysis, it was shown the phases more danger of the execution of a construction clearly. Finally, this work looked for to reduce the lack of studies on the work safety in the building site, especially in the structural masonry, in what tells respect the amount of accidents, and, besides, to present that, executing this constructive system, the amount of accidents is smaller. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a segurança do trabalho no sistema construtivo em alvenaria estrutural, em comparação ao sistema construtivo convencional. Para isso, foram estudados os dois sistemas construtivos, descrevendo as suas fases de construção e analisando para cada uma, os equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva necessários. Também se fez um estudo sobre o histórico e o estado atual da segurança do trabalho no país nos últimos anos. A partir da pesquisa e de ter sido realizada uma revisão histórica sobre alvenaria estrutural e suas facilidades construtivas. A partir deste momento, analisou-se o processo construtivo de duas edificações: uma executada a partir do sistema convencional e outra em alvenaria estrutural. Para cada uma delas, observou-se em cada fase construtiva, a quantidade de acidentes de trabalho ocorrida. Com os dados obtidos, pode-se concluir que na alvenaria estrutural, reduziu-se a quantidade de acidentes, em comparação ao sistema convencional, e a partir daí, com a análise gráfica, mostrou-se claramente as fases mais periculosas da execução de uma edificação. Enfim, este trabalho buscou diminuir a carência de estudos sobre segurança do trabalho na construção civil, especialmente na alvenaria estrutural, no que diz respeito a quantidade de acidentes, e além disso, apresentar que, executando este sistema construtivo, a quantidade de acidentes é consideravelmente menor.

[pt] Nesta dissertação estuda-se o sistema construtivo em alvenaria estrutural na cidade do Rio de Janeiro face aos conceitos de construção sustentável. Avalia-se esse método construtivo em seus detalhes de execução, materiais utilizados e outros benefícios na obra como redução de resíduos e ganhos em prazo de construção. Também são analisados impactos qualitativos no produto e os aspectos sociais e culturais devido as limitações técnicas do sistema bem como as legislações que têm influência. Levando-se em consideração as necessidades atuais do mercado imobiliário na busca por processos sustentáveis, foram analisadas as principais certificações. Tem-se como principal conclusão que nem sempre o processo atenderá de forma completa as necessidades de determinado empreendimento em função de algumas limitações técnicas. Do ponto de vista da sustentabilidade, o processo apresenta qualidades devido à modulação do sistema que gera menos desperdícios, porém, pode limitar a concepção de um produto diversificado e mais confortável através de soluções diferenciadas de planta e fachada, por exemplo. Mesmo que as construtoras tenham tentado utilizar o sistema em padrões médios de empreendimento, com preços de venda que giram em torno de 7.000 a 8.000 reais por metro quadrado, a solução não teve boa aceitação tanto pelos construtores como pelos clientes, e nota-se que o mesmo é utilizado em larga escala para empreendimentos de padrões populares. / [en] In this thesis the use of structural masonry constructive system is investigated in light of the concepts of sustainable construction in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This study is based on the evolution and growing importance of the construction sector within Brazilian economy, and the current trend in the construction market in the search for processes that minimize impacts on the environment with rational use of natural resources. The earliest records of civil construction activity in the city of Rio de Janeiro date from the colonial period, at a time which those activities were unregulated. In 1810 King João VI established the engineering school. The period between the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of intense economic transformation with the decay of the coffee plantations and the beginning of the industrial development. In 1940 there was a breakthrough in civil construction in Brazil, when the sector was considered one of the most advanced of its time. In 1971 there was great progress in the sector of construction in Rio de Janeiro with the creation of BNH, Banco Nacional da Habitação, and the Law of the Real Estate Development (Lei das Incorporações). The 90s were marked by the improvement of the qualification of the workforce, resulting in better products. The 2000s were distinguished by the boom in housing construction in the west zone and the expansion of large construction companies landbanks. In 2008 the growth was toward the north zone, however, by the end of that year, with the peak of the global crisis known as Subprime, the sector started suffering from a poor performance cycle until in the first half of 2009. The government program called Minha Casa Minha Vida was launched providing a better environment, with the incentive to produce one million new housing units. By the second half of 2009 the construction market was fully recovered. Many companies created new brands or subsidiaries to focus their business in this new market niche, and the use of large-scale structural masonry was considered the most suitable technology to be used in this type of construction. In 2011, the sector continued to grow driven by the demand fostered by the Olympic Games and the approval of new urban zoning laws. In this study the major projects launched in the city of Rio de Janeiro between 2005 and 2012 were mapped as well as the number of constructions that adopted structural masonry during this period. Impacts of civil construction on the environment range from the generation of raw material to the end of the useful life of products built. As a consequence of the growth experienced by the civil construction sector and its great economic impact, principles of sustainability standards and certifications arouse aiming the achievement of sustainable development in the entire production chain. Over the years, several international events debated on sustainability. In 1713 Carl Von Carlowitz published the first treaty on sustainable use of forest resources. In 1976 the first world conference on housing and environment was held in Canada. The system in structural masonry is ancient and its use dates back to early human activity process. Around 4000 years before Christ structures were employed for varied purposes and materials were usually blocks of clay and stone. In the seventeenth century the system becomes a construction technology based on principles of static. Element resistance tests begun to be performed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The projects were based on limited empirical calculation methods, resulting in very thick walls and slow production speed. In the 50 s there was a revival of interest in structural masonry driven by the shortage of building materials in Europe, such as steel. The use of structural masonry in Brazil began in the sixteenth century, during the colonial period; yet, the process was not rationalized. By the 70s, the structural masonry was considered engineering technology in Brazil and projects started to be based on scientifically validated principles. With this evolution, it became more efficient and an economical alternative, although still somewhat precarious. Structural masonry achieved its consolidation with official norms in the 80s. Ancient definitions considered that the buildings should be formed of natural or artificial stones linked together in a stable manner by the combination of joints and mortar (or only by one of the two), capable of resisting only to compressive stresses. Currently, buildings in structural masonry are formed by industrial blocks (ceramic or concrete) designed and sized by calculation procedures to support loads beyond their own weight and resist compression. They are linked together by the interposition of mortar and can contain rebar in concrete or mortar in horizontal and / or vertical plane. They are classified as armed, unarmed, partially armed or pre-stressed. The structural masonry consists of four main components. The units are the basic components that define the resistance characteristics. Units can be concrete, ceramic or sand-lime blocks, solid or hollow. The mortar is a mixture of sand, cement, lime and water responsible for laying and unifying the units. It transmits and uniforms the stresses throughout the blocks, seal out water and wind and even out small deformations. Rebars are steel bars surrounded by grout that make all components of the masonry work together. The grout is a very fluid micro concrete with aggregates and it is responsible for the union of blocks with rebars within its hollows. The rationalization of structural masonry brings results by improving productivity and quality, with consequent increased value added. It also incentives increase in productivity and cost reduction in the supply chain, while meeting construction standards. As a result, the final consumer can buy at a lower price. Modulation was already used by the Greeks, Romans and Japanese. It represented to them, respectively, aesthetic, functional and aesthetic and functional character. At present time, for the modulation process to be harmonized, it is needed to update the standard as to the sizing of the blocks. The incompatibility between the dimensions of the components of the building often results in large thicknesses dimensional settings and designs solutions that do not properly address these adjustments, which end up being performed impromptu in the work site. The advantages of modulation are: simplification in project design, standardization of building components, optimization of the dimensions with reduction of different shapes, less interface problems between components and subsystems, standardization of detail and dimensional accuracy, rationalization and simplification in the execution of the work due to ease of assembly, reduction of material breaks, thus avoiding losses in construction. The disadvantages are: the need to have standardized components without dimensional and qualitative variation in the market, and need for investment in preparation and training of manpower. The definition of the system to be used by the constructor occurs in the study phase. It is usually observed: the type and purpose of the project, the maximum number of floors, the ceiling heights between slabs, the size of compartments and wall allocation, the eventual need for sheltered parking and its mixed solution analysis, the size of balconies, the need for flexibility of plans, if penthouses should have swimming pool, the dimensioning of the common areas. In the cases where the product can fit in structural masonry guidelines, this has been the preferred construction system. The project in structural masonry should consider the coordination between the various project disciplines with the integration between the design teams. Schedule of the project design should be prepared with the correct interaction of reconciliations. The design should be standardized and simplify the solutions and should provide full details of projects to avoid doubts and execution errors during construction. Wall rebar can be done directly with interlocking blocks, requiring interposition between blocks of 50 per cent in intercepted wall. It also can be done by placing the rebar in mortar joints with 90 angle, as well as through folded steel bars, industrialized trusses or staples, steel decks or similar materials of proven resistance. Electrical installation must be standardized in the predefined rows heights. The hydraulic and gas installations must be apparent and not embedded in order not to interfere in modulations. The project modulated masonry must have solutions that minimize the need for adjustments or additional elements while helping reconcile the different project disciplines. This constructive method is examined regarding its execution details, increase in production and other benefits to the construction itself. Furthermore, qualitative impacts on the product and the social and cultural aspects due to the system s technical limitations and the applicable laws and regulations are analyzed. The main certifications like AQUA, LEED, PROCEL EDIFICA, CASA AZUL, SANTANDER OBRA SUSTENTÁVEL and QUALIVERDE were analyzed in view of the current necessity of the real estate market to seek for more sustainable construction processes. It was analyzed the positive and negative aspects, as well as possible limitations of structural masonry for obtaining the building approvals. Two recently launched projects in structural masonry were analyzed. Through case studies one can compare them to competing projects built in conventional reinforced concrete structure and it is possible to understand the main differences between the products. The projects were also evaluated for the possibility of obtaining green building certification. AQUA was chosen as the reference certification. It provided the features used in the comparative between the different systems. To meet all categories of the certification, some aspects of the project might need to be adjusted, such as layout, wall thickness and span dimension. The main conclusion is that structural masonry will not always completely fulfill the needs of various projects because of certain technical limitations. Taking sustainability into account, structural masonry has a number of benefits beginning with the modulation of the process which generates less waste. However, it can limit the design of more comfortable and sophisticated products, for example with differentiated solutions for layout and façades. Even considering that some companies have used structural masonry in the construction of buildings for the middle class, with selling prices around BRL 7,000 to BRL 8,000 per square meter, this solution was not well accepted either by the contractors or those clients, whereas it is largely used in lower class constructions.

Alvenaria estrutural é um sistema construtivo em que paredes exercem tanto função estrutural como de vedação. Apesar de ser largamente utilizada no Brasil atualmente, não há uma norma nacional com procedimentos para o dimensionamento deste sistema em situação de incêndio. Muito se deve pelo fato de as pesquisas nesta área serem substancialmente escassas se comparadas com os sistemas construtivos em concreto armado ou aço. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar ensaios experimentais para avaliar a resistência residual de compressão da alvenaria estrutural com blocos de concreto. Foram avaliadas duas variações de blocos de concreto, com resistências características de 4,0 e de 10,0 MPa, ambos com espessura nominal de 140 mm e os corpos de prova estudados foram os prismas e as pequenas paredes. Realizou-se a caracterização física, geométrica e mecânica da alvenaria em temperatura ambiente e na sequência os corpos de prova foram submetidos a uma simulação de incêndio-padrão normalizado pela ISO 834-1:1999, durante 120 minutos que é o TRRF máximo recomendado pela ABNT NBR 14432:2001. Na primeira fornada foram avaliados os elementos de 140 mm sem revestimento e segunda fornada todos os elementos revestidos com uma camada de 5 mm de gesso. Após o resfriamento lento até a temperatura ambiente, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de compressão simples para avaliar a resistência residual de compressão dos blocos, prismas e pequenas paredes. Em todos os casos as resistências encontradas ficaram abaixo do suficiente para garantir a segurança durante a ação de um incêndio, uma vez que o máximo de resistência residual encontrado foi de 22%. A influência da compartimentação na resistência residual das pequenas paredes, foi brevemente avaliada, para isso três pequenas paredes de 4,0 MPa e 140 mm com o interior isolado dos gases externos foram submetidas ao incêndio-padrão e compressão pós resfriamento, verificou-se que a perda de resistência neste caso foi de 54% enquanto nas pequenas paredes com fogo em todas as faces e expostas ao fogo pelo mesmo período a perda foi de 86%. Estas pequenas paredes compartimentadas foram instrumentadas com a finalidade de avaliar a transferência de calor ao longo da sessão transversal e verificar o tempo de atendimento do critério de isolamento, que neste caso foi de 62 minutos, abaixo do TRRF máximo de 120 minutos. / Structural masonry is a building system that walls work as structure and has sealing function too. Even though it is widely used in Brazil nowadays, there is no national standardization for the masonry design in fire situation. One of the reasons is that researches in this area are substantially sparse if compared with other building systems like reinforced concrete and steel. In this context, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the residual compressive strength of concrete structural masonry by experimentally tests. Two concrete block variations were evaluated, with strengths of 4,0 and 10,0 MPa, both with 140 mm nominal thickness, the elements studied were prisms and walls, beyond blocks. In the first stage, the masonry was characterized in ambient temperature and in the second stage, the elements were submitted to fire simulation standardized by ISO 834-1: 1999 for 120 minutes, which is the maximum TRRF recommended by ABNT NBR 14432: 2001. In the first fire simulation the 140 mm elements were evaluated without covering and in the second one, all the elements were covered with 5 mm layer of plaster. Then, after slow cooling until ambient temperature, the residual compressive strength of the blocks, prisms and walls was evaluated by compression test. In all cases the resistances were not enough to ensure safety during the fire, since the maximum residual resistance found was 22%. Still in this stage, the influence of the compartmentation on the residual resistance of the walls was briefly evaluated. Three walls of 4.0 MPa and 140 mm were placed in a triangle that was thermally insulated inside, and after the fire simulation were subjected in a post-cooling compression test. The loss of resistance found in this case was 54% while in the walls with fire on all faces and exposed to fire for the same period the loss was 86%. These compartmentalized walls were instrumented with the purpose of evaluating the heat transfer along the cross section and to check the time of the isolation criterion attendance, which in this case was 62 minutes, below the 120-minute established as maximum TRRF.

A alvenaria estrutural é um sistema construtivo muito antigo no qual as paredes exercem função estrutural além da função de vedação. Este sistema construtivo é muito utilizado no Brasil, entretanto, poucas pesquisas foram realizadas sobre o seu comportamento em situação de incêndio e o país ainda não possui métodos normativos de dimensionamento de alvenaria estrutural em situação de incêndio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho da alvenaria estrutural com blocos de concreto submetida a elevadas temperaturas através da simulação de prismas. No software Abaqus foram simulados o comportamento do bloco e prisma sujeitos à compressão em temperatura ambiente e do prisma em situação de incêndio com diferentes condições de contorno. O comportamento do bloco e prisma sujeitos à compressão e em temperatura ambiente foi validado até a carga última. As elevações de temperatura das faces não expostas ao fogo ficaram bem representadas por meio das simulações térmicas. A perda de resistência dos materiais foi adotada conforme a literatura técnica nas simulações termomecânicas. Através do que foi analisado no trabalho observou-se que os prismas se comportam bem quanto ao isolamento térmico em situação de incêndio, principalmente aquele com revestimento em argamassa nas duas faces. Quanto ao critério de resistência mecânica os resultados numéricos não foram validados com experimentais, entretanto, foi possível representar a deterioração térmica dos materiais. / The structural masonry is a very old building system in which the walls have structural and partition function. The use of this building system is widely spread in Brazil, however, few research programs were carried out on their behavior under fire situation and the country has not yet developed standard normative methods for designing structural masonry subject to fire. Thus the purpose of this research was to verify the performance of concrete blockwork structural masonry submitted to high temperatures through the simulation of prisms. In the Abaqus software the behavior of block and prism subjected to compression at room temperature and of the prism under fire situation with different boundary conditions were simulated. The compression of the block and prism at room temperature was validated until ultimate loads. The temperature rises of the non-exposed faces were well represented through thermal simulations. The material\'s resistance loss was adopted according to the technical literature in the thermomechanical simulations. Based on the analyzed examples it was observed that the prisms behave well regarding the thermal insulation under fire situation, mainly when having mortar coating on both sides. Regarding the mechanical resistance criterion, the numeric results were not validated with experimental ones, however, it was possible to represent the thermal deterioration of the materials.

Os rejeitos de construção e demolição representam, atualmente, grande volume de material desperdiçado no canteiro de obra e fábricas de pré-moldados de concreto. A necessidade da reciclagem para o desenvolvimento auto-sustentável, de materiais produzidos a partir dos rejeitos de construção, é de grande importância sob o impacto ambiental, além de proporcionar economia aos construtores e produtores de artefatos de cimento. Ensaios de concretos e argamassas, utilizando agregado reciclado, resultam bom desempenho mecânico e são relativamente mais leves quando comparados aos respectivos materiais utilizando agregados naturais. A fabricação de blocos de concreto com função estrutural, produzido com agregados reciclados de fração entre 2,4 mm e 9,5 mm, combinada à fração miúda de agregados naturais, possibilitam a execução de edifícios de pequena altura. A utilização da fração miúda reciclada, na preparação de argamassas de assentamento e revestimento, apresenta comportamento eficiente ao conjunto alvenaria-argamassa. A caracterização dos agregados, o estudo de traço, a análise do desempenho físico e mecânico dos blocos, prismas e paredes de alvenaria estrutural, bem como correlações de eficiência e análise da influência da argamassa de assentamento e de revestimento em relação à resistência de aderência à tração, é uma necessidade para o conhecimento e utilização deste material / The building and demolition rejects represent, nowadays, a great amount of wasted material in buildings and plants of pre-molded of concrete. The necessity of recycling for the self-supporting development of materials produced from the building rejects, is of great importance under the enviromental impact, and besides it provides savings for the builers and producers of concrete goods. Tests with concrete and mortar, utilizing recycled aggregate, show a good mechanical performance and they are lighter when compared to the respective materials using natural aggregate. The fabrication of concrete blocks with structural function, produced with recycled aggregate of fraction between 2,4 mm and 9,5 mm, combined to the small fraction of natural aggregate, make possible the construction of low height buildings. The application of the recycled small fraction, in the preparation of foundation and revetment mortar, shows efficient employed with the set masonry-mortar. The aggregate characterization, the study of the proportion of ingredients for concrete, the analysis of the physical and mechanical performance of the blocks, prisms and walls of structural masonry, as well the correlations of efficiency and analysis of the influence of foundation and revetment mortar, relating to the resistence of adherence to traction, are necessities for the knowledge and utilization of this material

A alvenaria estrutural é um sistema construtivo muito antigo no qual as paredes exercem função estrutural além da função de vedação. Este sistema construtivo é muito utilizado no Brasil, entretanto, poucas pesquisas foram realizadas sobre o seu comportamento em situação de incêndio e o país ainda não possui métodos normativos de dimensionamento de alvenaria estrutural em situação de incêndio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho da alvenaria estrutural com blocos de concreto submetida a elevadas temperaturas através da simulação de prismas. No software Abaqus foram simulados o comportamento do bloco e prisma sujeitos à compressão em temperatura ambiente e do prisma em situação de incêndio com diferentes condições de contorno. O comportamento do bloco e prisma sujeitos à compressão e em temperatura ambiente foi validado até a carga última. As elevações de temperatura das faces não expostas ao fogo ficaram bem representadas por meio das simulações térmicas. A perda de resistência dos materiais foi adotada conforme a literatura técnica nas simulações termomecânicas. Através do que foi analisado no trabalho observou-se que os prismas se comportam bem quanto ao isolamento térmico em situação de incêndio, principalmente aquele com revestimento em argamassa nas duas faces. Quanto ao critério de resistência mecânica os resultados numéricos não foram validados com experimentais, entretanto, foi possível representar a deterioração térmica dos materiais. / The structural masonry is a very old building system in which the walls have structural and partition function. The use of this building system is widely spread in Brazil, however, few research programs were carried out on their behavior under fire situation and the country has not yet developed standard normative methods for designing structural masonry subject to fire. Thus the purpose of this research was to verify the performance of concrete blockwork structural masonry submitted to high temperatures through the simulation of prisms. In the Abaqus software the behavior of block and prism subjected to compression at room temperature and of the prism under fire situation with different boundary conditions were simulated. The compression of the block and prism at room temperature was validated until ultimate loads. The temperature rises of the non-exposed faces were well represented through thermal simulations. The material\'s resistance loss was adopted according to the technical literature in the thermomechanical simulations. Based on the analyzed examples it was observed that the prisms behave well regarding the thermal insulation under fire situation, mainly when having mortar coating on both sides. Regarding the mechanical resistance criterion, the numeric results were not validated with experimental ones, however, it was possible to represent the thermal deterioration of the materials.