Sammanfattning Sedan 1980 har produktionen av sågade trävaror ökat i Sverige och samtidigt har produktionen koncentrerats till färre sågverk. Detta examensarbete behandlar Norra Skogs anläggning i Sävar som planerar att utöka sin produktion inom en snar framtid med en vision om att hantera en inkommande timmervolym på 1 000 000 m3f per år. För att göra detta möjligt kommer Sävar såg att investera i en ny mätstation. Den nya mätstationen kommer att leda till ett högre timmerflöde till sorteringen och den nya mätstationen kräver även ny mark för sågverket vilket leder till längre transportvägar på timmerplanen. Syftet med avhandlingen är att avgöra om de nuvarande timmerhanteringsfordonen kommer att klara av att hantera den nya timmervolymen på den nya anläggningen. Detta kommer att uppnås genom att simulera logistiken för den nuvarande och framtida anläggningen genom att använda Simulink och nyttja optimering av fordonenstransportrutter med hjälp av A-star algoritmen. Baserat på de krav som gemensamt fastställts med företaget och de antaganden som gjorts i modellen kommer arbetet fram till följande slutsatser: 1. De nuvarande timmerhanteringsfordonen räcker till vid två skift med en inkommande timmervolym på 600 000 m3f per år.2. Nuvarande timmerhanteringsfordon räcker till under majoriteten av dygnet under tre skift med en inkommande timmervolym på 1 000 000 m3f per år. På grund av några få långa väntetider i lastbilskön kan det dock vara lämpligt att investera i ytterligare ett timmehanteringsfordon under vissa delar av dygnet. Nyckelord: sågverk, timmer, timmerplan, timmerhanterare, simulering, optimering, A-star algoritmen / Abstract Simulation & optimization of timber handler operationsCapacity analysis of timber handlers at Sävar sawmill   Since 1980 the sawn timber production in Sweden has increased and at the same time been concentrated to fewer sawmills. This thesis considers Norra Skog’s facility in Sävar which is planning to expand its production in the near future with a vision to meet an incoming timber volume of 1 000 000 m3f per year. To make that possible Sävar sawmill will invest in a new measuring station. The new measuring station will lead to a faster timber flow to the sorting boxes and the new measuring station also requires a bigger sawmill area which leads to longer transport paths at the timberyard. The aim of the thesis is to determine if the current timber handler vehicles will be able to handle the new timber volumes for the new facility. This will be achieved by simulating the logistics for the current and future facility using Simulink and includes the optimization of the vehicle paths using the A-star algorithm. Based on the requirements set jointly with the company, and the assumptions made in the model, the conclusions from the thesis are the following: 1. The current timber handler vehicles are enough during 2-shift operation with a timber volume of 600 000 m3f per year.2. The current timber handler vehicles are enough for the most part during 3-shiftoperation with an incoming timber volume of 1,000 000 m3f per year. Due to a few long waiting times in the truck queue, it may however be appropriate to invest in an additional timber handler at some parts of the day.   Keywords: sawmill, timber, timber yard, timber handler, simulation, optimization, A-star algorithm

Construction with composite materials has become increasingly popular in contemporary structural design for multi-storey residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. As a composite structure, pre-stressed heavy timber buildings offer sustainable, environmentally-friendly advantages over competing construction technologies utilising structural steel and concrete components. Research at the University of Canterbury is continually investigating the performance and behaviour of this composite heavy timber construction assembly. The following research report provides a fire resistance analysis for pre-stressed heavy timber structures that includes: • A comprehensive literature review detailing the fire resistance for pre-stressed heavy timber structural components and typical connections; and • A four-phase series of experiments with epoxy grouted steel threaded rods and proprietary mechanical fasteners to determine the fire resistance properties of steel to wood connections. Laboratory experimentation includes cold testing to determine connection performance at ambient temperature, oven testing to evaluate heating effects on steel to wood connections, cooled testing to determine the residual strength of connections in minor fires and, finally, furnace testing to generate fire resistance design and analysis equations to be utilised for steel to wood connections. Recommendations for the fire performance of connections in pre-stressed heavy timber structures are included in the report.

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Twelve blocks of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) were built, tested and simulated. Three types of blocks with different laminate directions in the middle/second layers were used: 0/30/0, 0/45/0 and 0/90/0. Simulations with three-dimensional quadratic orthotropic linear elastic finite elements were conducted. The goal was to compare tested in-plane shear stiffnesses for CLT blocks made from Norway Spruce (Picea abies) boards of C24 quality with a finite element (FEM) simulated block stiffness. Three-layer CLT were studied with block dimensions of 600 x 600 x 45 mm. The first and last layer laminate directions were assumed to be 0○. The middle layer laminate directions were 30○, 45○ and 90○. A 1 mm gap was assumed between the side edges. The glued contact surfaces were assumed to be perfectly glued with rigid glue in the simulations. In the practically tested blocks a PVAc D2 classified glue was used. All blocks were simulated and tested in the same loading arrangement as the practical test set-up. The blocks were compressed in the diagonal direction. Blocks of 0/30/0 and 0/45/0 were compressed twice, once over each diagonal. The 0/90/0 blocks were compressed over one diagonal. A total of 19 practical compression tests was performed; in all cases, the displacements were measured in the force- and orthogonal direction. The stiffest loading case, measured in the force direction, was the loading arrangement 0/45/0-A. The weakest loading case, measured in the force direction, was the loading arrangement 0/30/0-B. The same result could be concluded from the FEM simulations. The calculated stiffness in the loading direction was between 1.21 – 1.87 times larger than the measured stiffness. The models pressed in the “weakest” direction gave the largest difference between the simulated and measured stiffness.

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