Objetivo: O objetivo dessa dissertação foi identificar a prevalência, severidade, indicadores de risco e impacto na qualidade de vida do traumatismo dentário em escolares de 12 anos de Porto Alegre, RS – Brasil. Métodos: Essa pesquisa fez parte de um estudo observacional transversal analítico desenvolvido para avaliar a saúde bucal de escolares de 12 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de setembro de 2009 a dezembro de 2010. Participaram alunos regulamente matriculados e frequentando a escola, nascidos no ano de 1997 e 1998 (12 anos completos até o final do ano do exame - 2009 ou 2010). Dois questionários foram utilizados: um destinado aos pais/responsáveis legais (questões socioeconômicas, acesso a serviços odontológicos, etc.) e outro respondido pelos próprios escolares (hábitos comportamentais e Child Perceptions Questionnaire – CPQ11-14 – instrumento que visa avaliar o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na auto-percepção e qualidade de vida). A sistemática do exame clínico foi: aferição do peso e altura, determinação do índice de sangramento gengival, índice de estética dental, índice de traumatismo dentário e índice de cárie dentária. Os exames foram realizados por duas examinadoras previamente treinadas e calibradas (ICC e Kappa≥ 0,7). A associação entre traumatismo dentário e seus possíveis indicadores de risco foi avaliada através de modelos de regressão de Poisson. A associação entre os escores do CPQ11-14 e traumatismo dentário foi investigada através de modelos de regressão de Poisson, utilizando gênero, nível socioeconômico e os índices de cárie e estética dental como variáveis de ajuste. Resultados: Foram examinados 1528 alunos, sendo 18,8% de escolas particulares (n=9) e 81,1% de escolas públicas (n=33), obtendo-se uma taxa de resposta de 83%. Uma alta prevalência de traumatismo dentário foi encontrada na população em estudo (34,77%), porém, na maioria dos casos observou-se a presença de traumas leves (24,37%). Além disso, observou-se associação de traumatismo dentário com variáveis sócio-demográficas e ano escolar. Em relação ao impacto na qualidade de vida, foi encontrada uma maior média de CPQ11-14 no domínio limitação funcional, nos indivíduos que apresentavam traumatismo dentário não tratado, quando comparados com os indivíduos que não apresentavam traumatismo dentário ou apresentavam traumatismo sem necessidade de tratamento. Conclusões: O presente estudo demonstrou que o traumatismo dentário é um agravo prevalente e que, quando não tratado, apresenta um comprometimento nas funções orais. / Aim: Identify the prevalence, severity, risk indicators and impact on quality of life oftraumatic dental injury among 12-year-old schoolchildren in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Methods: This study is a part of a cross-sectional survey developed to assess the oral health status of 12-year-old schoolchildren, carried out from September 2009 to December 2010. The eligibility criteria were students attending in selected schools, born in 1997 and 1998. Two questionnaires were used: one for parents/ legal guardians (socioeconomic questions, access to dental services, etc.); and one for schoolchildren (behavioral habits and Child Perceptions Questionnaire - CPQ11-14). The clinical examination was performed as follows: measurement of height and weight, record of the gingival bleeding index, dental esthetics index, dental trauma index and dental caries index. The examinations were performed by two examiners previously calibrated (ICC and Kappa≥ 0.7). The association between traumatic dental injury and the possible risk indicators was assessed using Poisson regression. The association between CPQ11-14 scores and traumatic dental injury was assessed using Poisson regression (gender, socioeconomic status, dental caries index, and dental aesthetics index were used as adjustment variables). Results: We examined 1528 students - 18.8% of private schools (n = 9) and 81.1% of public schools (n = 33), yielding a response rate of 83%. A high prevalence of dental traumatic injury was found in this population (34.77%), being mild trauma in most cases (24.37%). Also, association between traumatic dental injury and socio-demographic characteristics and school year was found. Regarding the impact on quality of life, we found a higher average CPQ11-14 in the domain functional limitation in individuals with untreated traumatic dental injury when compared to individuals who had no trauma or trauma without treatment need. Conclusions: This study showed that traumatic dental injury is prevalent and, when treatment is neglected, oral functions may be impaired.

The objective of this work presented here is to extend the capabilities of siloxane waveguide technology in the field of biochemical sensing. Recent advances in the integration of polymeric optical waveguides with electronics onto standard printed circuit boards (PCBs) allow the formation of cost-effective lab-on-achip modules suitable for mass production. This technology has been primarily designed for on-board data communication. The focus of this research is to investigate the possibility of realising a Siloxane polymer based lab-on-chip sensor. Different siloxane-polymer-based optical waveguide sensor structures have been designed and analysed from the aspect of biochemical sensing. An evanescent-wave absorption sensor based on mode-selective asymmetric waveguide junctions is proposed for the first time. The device mitigates the common optical effect of spurious response in absorption sensors due to the analyte transport fluid. Head injury is the leading cause of death in the population of people under 40 years. Currently, 3 out of 5 deaths in emergency rooms are due to severe brain injuries in the developed world. Researchers at the Neurosciences Critical Care Unit (NCCU) at Addenbrooke's Hospital have managed to correlate biochemical changes with the severeness of the injury and the likelihood of patient recovery. Considerable progress has been made to develop a lab-on-chip sensor capable of continuously monitoring glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations in the brain fluid, hence the contribution to the current trend in the advancement of portable lab-on-chip technologies for the deployment of point-of-care diagnostic tools. A novel recognition layer has been developed based on porphyrin in combination with glucose, lactate and pyruvate oxidase for measuring all the analytes, enabling fast and reversible chemical reactions to be monitored by optical interrogation. The operational wavelength of the developed recognition layer is 425 nm, which required the formation of polymer features that were beyond the fabrication capabilities at the time. Through considerable process development and the adoption of nanoimprinting lithography, siloxane polymer based optical waveguides were fabricated allowing the realisation of highly sensitive optical sensors. Based on the results that are presented here, it can be concluded the functionalization of siloxane polymer waveguide have a potential for realising biochemical sensors in the future. The new fabrication technique will allow the formation of more robust and complex lab-on-chip sensors based on this material.

Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can result in a number of consequences for those who has sustained the injuries, as well as having an impact on their wider system. Estimates of divorce and relationship dissolution among couples following TBI can be as high as 54% and partners are reported to experience high levels of stress. The majority of studies have explored couples' relationships following TBI from the perspective of either the person with TBI or the partner, as opposed to exploring this dyadically and, therefore, limiting the holistic understanding to this topic. Aim: The two aims of this thesis are as follows: firstly, the mixed-method synthesis review aimed to explore the current dyad evidence-base around couples' experiences and relationships following TBI; and secondly, the qualitative study aimed to explore the impact of TBI on couples' experiences and relationships. Method: The systematic review's search strategy consisted of a computerised search across five databases and manual searches for further references in other relevant literature reviews and reference lists. The quality of the qualitative and quantitative studies were analyses separately. Metaethnography was employed to synthesize the finding from the qualitative studies. In the qualitative empirical study, five dyad-couples participated in the semi-structured interviews. The individuals with TBI and their partners were interviewed independently. The data collected was analysed using a combined deductive-inductive framework analysis approach, which supported comparisons between and within couples. Results: The systematic review yielded eight eligible studies, three quantitative and five qualitative studies. Review of the quantitative studies suggested couples reported poor relationship quality and partners reported more dyadic dissatisfaction and overall poorer relationship adjustment than the people with TBI. Analysis of the qualitative studies suggested there were significant variations in the way couples' experience and respond to TBI. This included individual responses from the people with TBI, their partners or collectively as a couple, which influenced their relationship dynamics and also how they coped. The findings also drew attention to other contextual factors that influenced couples' attributions and perceptions toward the TBI-related changes. Deductive and inductive analysis of the interviews in the qualitative empirical study identified three overarching themes: 'You begin to realise that, actually, life may not be the same ever [again]...'; perceived influences on relationship endurance following TBI; and contextual and other factors. These explored the impact of TBI on couples' relationships and the processes that interacted with or influenced their perceived relationship endurance. Conclusion: Although limited by a small number of eligible studies in the systematic review and small sample size in the qualitative empirical study, this thesis emphasized the importance of dyadic research for gaining a holistic understanding of couples' experiences and relationships following TBI. This allows the complex interplay between the TBI, the person who has suffered the TBI, their partner and their relationship to be better understood. The interconnectedness between the individuals and how the difficulties are experienced raises possible issues for healthcare services around their views and approaches to the individual with TBI, their partner and the couple's relationship during the recovery and rehabilitation journey.

O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática foi avaliar a prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos, analisando fatores associados e possíveis tendências em relação à ocorrência desse agravo. Assim, busca com termos relacionados ao trauma dental e à dentição decídua foi realizada. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, os artigos selecionados foram analisados. Meta-análises com os dados de prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos no mundo, e em subgrupos (classificações, dentes e idades avaliadas), assim como no Brasil e em suas regiões foram realizadas, complementadas pela análise da tendência do agravo nessas populações. Além disso, meta-análise com os valores de Odds Ratio (OR) e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) das variáveis sexo, idade, maloclusões, renda e escolaridade materna foram realizadas. A busca foi realizada para artigos que relatavam trauma dental em dentes decíduos indexados no PubMed até o dia 18 de abril de 2012 e listou 953 artigos. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 34 (3,6%) estavam relacionados ao escopo dessa revisão sistemática. A prevalência agregada de traumatismo em dentes decíduos no mundo é de 23% e apresenta tendência discreta de aumento. No grupo de estudos que utilizaram classificações que avaliam trauma periodontal, a prevalência agregada é de 26% com tendência de aumento, enquanto que no grupo de estudos que utilizam classificações que não contemplam esse tipo de trauma, a prevalência agregada diminui para 20%, assim como a tendência passa a ser de diminuição da prevalência. O grupo de estudos que analisou todos os dentes anteriores apresenta prevalência agregada de 25%, enquanto que os que avaliaram apenas dentes anteriores superiores e apenas incisivos apresentam 17% e 23%, respectivamente. A meta-análise do grupo de estudos que avaliou faixas etárias maiores que um ano apresentou prevalência agregada de 23%. São fatores positivamente associados a prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos: ser do sexo masculino (OR=1,20;IC:1,09;1,33), ter quatro anos (OR=2,18;IC:1,66;2,86), apresentar mordida aberta anterior (OR=2,26;IC:1,38;3,70), sobressaliência acentuada (OR=2,51;IC:1,66;3,79), incompetência labial (OR=1,66;IC:1,26;2,20), a família ter renda superior a oito salários mínimos (OR=0,79;IC:0,69;0,92) e a mãe ter mais de oito anos de estudo (OR=1,30;IC:1,01;1,66). A prevalência agregada de traumatismo em dentes decíduos no Brasil é de 26% e apresenta tendência de aumento com os anos. A região sudeste e sul apresentam prevalência agregada em torno de 29% e 31%, respectivamente, com tendência de aumento, enquanto a região nordeste apresenta 19% com tendência de diminuir a prevalência com o passar dos anos. Podemos concluir que por volta de 23% dos pré-escolares apresentam traumatismo em dentes decíduos sendo que ser do sexo masculino, ter mais idade, apresentar mordida aberta anterior, sobressaliência acentuada, incompetência labial, a família ter renda superior a oito salários mínimos e a mãe ter mais de oito anos de estudo são fatores que aumentam a chance do agravo estar presente. Além disso, a utilização de classificações que contemplam todos os tipos de trauma dental, avaliar dentes anteriores superiores e inferiores em faixas etárias amplas parece contribuir para resultados mais realistas quando o objetivo é estudar o comportamento do traumatismo em dentes decíduos. / The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth, assessing associated factors and possible trends concerned to the occurrence of this disorder. For this purpose, search for terms related to dental trauma and deciduous dentition was performed. Upon considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected material was analyzed. Afterwards, meta-analysis was performed based on the data recorded on the prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth worldwide and in subgroups (classifications, teeth and ages assessed) as well as in Brazil and its regions, complemented by the trend analysis of this injury. Meta-analysis with Odds Ratio (OR) and Confidence Interval (CI) values of variables as sex, age, malocclusions, income and maternal level of education was performed. Literature search was carried out for articles reporting on dental trauma prevalence in deciduous teeth indexed in PubMed up to April 18, 2012, and listed 953 articles. Upon analyzing the studies for inclusion and exclusion purposes, 34 (3,6%) essays were related to the scope of this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of trauma in deciduous teeth worldwide is 23% showing a slight tendency to increase over the years. The study group that used classifications which evaluate traumas in the supportive tissue showed a pooled prevalence of 26% with a trend to increase, while in the study group which adopt classifications that do not contemplate this type of trauma, the pooled prevalence decreases to 20%, with a trend to decrease over the years. The study group which analyzed all anterior teeth demonstrated a pooled prevalence of 25%, while the study group which evaluated only anterior upper teeth and only incisors evidenced 17% and 23%, respectively. The meta-analysis of the study group that evaluates age range greater than 1 year showed pooled prevalence of 23%. The following factors are positively associated to the prevalence of traumatism in deciduous teeth: male individuals (OR=1.20;CI:1.09;1.33), older individuals (OR=2.18;CI:1.66;2.86), patients presenting anterior open-bite (OR=2.26;CI:1.38;3.70), increased overjet (OR=2.51;CI:1.66;3.79), lip incompetence (OR=1.66;CI:1.26;2.20), family with income higher than eight minimum wages (OR=0.79;CI:0.69;0.92), mother\'s education level having more than eight years at school (OR=1.30;CI:1.01;1.66). The pooled prevalence of trauma in deciduous teeth in Brazil is 26% and presents tendency to increase. The Southeast and South regions of Brazil present pooled prevalence of 29% and 31% respectively, showing a trend to increase, while the Northeast region shows 19% with a trend to decrease over the years. In conclusion, around 23% of the preschoolers present trauma in deciduous teeth, and that being male, older, with anterior open bite, increased overjet, lip incompetence, family with income higher than eight minimum wages and mother\'s education level having more than eight years at school are factors which may increase the chance this injury be present. Moreover, the use of classifications that contemplate all types of dental trauma, to evaluate upper and lower anterior teeth within large age range seems to contribute to more realistic results when the objective is to study the behavior of dental trauma in deciduous teeth.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-18T12:09:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Oliveira Rodrigues_.pdf: 1330100 bytes, checksum: 8ee5aecb5382bb35a0d509f9898574a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-18T12:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Oliveira Rodrigues_.pdf: 1330100 bytes, checksum: 8ee5aecb5382bb35a0d509f9898574a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 / UEMA – Universidade Estadual do Maranhão / TCE se caracteriza como uma lesão resultante do impacto físico interno ou externo com grande impacto socioeconômico desta forma, a assistência qualificada é de fundamental importância para reduzir os índices de morbimortalidade. Objetivo: elaborar um guia assistencial para atendimento de pacientes adultos com traumatismo cranioencefpalico no serviço de emergência do Hospital Municipal Gentil filho de Caxias/MA. Método: revisão de literatura, os Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) definidos para a busca nas bases de dados foram: craniocerebral trauma, protocols e nursing. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de agosto a setembro de 2015. Os estudos utilizados na confecção deste guia foram selecionados com base nos critérios: a) inclusão: artigos completos e gratuitos, publicados em periódicos indexados que abordaram a temática do estudo; publicados no período de 2000 a 2016, considerando as duas últimas atualização do Colégio Americano de Cirurgiões; estudos anteriores ao período estipulado (2000) que são considerados relevantes e não apresentam evidências melhores; teses e dissertações; manuais nacionais e internacionais relacionados à temática deste estudo; b) critérios exclusão: monografias; resumos simples e expandidos publicados em anais de congressos. Resultados: foram encontradas 2872 publicações disponíveis nas bases de dados selecionadas, sendo 852 da MEDLINE; 743 da BDENF; 589 no SciELO; 390 no LILACS; e 297 no COCHRANE. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, destes restaram 32 estudos. Conclusão: Observou-se a importância da utilização de um guia assistencial para atendimentos a vitimas de Traumatismo Cranioencefálico, pois os cuidados iniciais como: ABCDE do trauma, elevação de cabeceira, monitoração hidroeletrolítica e controle da hipotensão diminuem significativamente os índices de morbidade e mortalidade. / TCE is characterized as an injury resulting from internal or external physical impact with great socio-economic impact in this way, quality care is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: To prepare a nursing care guide for the treatment of adult patients suffering from traumatic brain injury in the emergency response of the General Hospital of Caixas – MA. Methods: The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used for database search were: craniocerebral trauma, protocols and nursing. The data collection was performed during 2015 between August and September and the studies used as references on this protocol were selected through the following criteria: published papers on periodic in the last 10 years talking about the theme, thesis and dissertations, international and national manuals related to our subject; papers published on events were not used in our study. Results: found 2872 publications available in selected databases, with 852 of MEDLINE; 743 of BDENF; 589 in SciELO; 390 in LILACS; and 297 COCHRANE. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, these remaining 32 studies. Conclusion: there was the importance of using a clinical protocol for nurses to care to victims of Traumatic brain injury, because the initial care as ABCDE trauma, head elevation, electrolyte monitoring and control of hypotension significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality.

The experience of trauma is prevalent among young adult college students and is often associated with poor mental health outcomes such as symptoms of anxiety. Not all individuals who have experienced trauma, however, develop anxiety, perhaps due to individual-level adaptive characteristics, such as use of adaptive rather than maladaptive coping strategies. Yet, little research has examined the interrelationships between the experience of trauma, specific types of coping strategies, and subclinical anxiety symptoms. A sample of 915 undergraduate students completed self-report measures of trauma, coping strategies, and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that traumatic life events would be associated with anxiety symptoms, and that this relation would be moderated by adaptive and maladaptive coping, such that adaptive coping will weaken, whereas maladaptive coping will exacerbate, the trauma-anxiety relationship. Results demonstrated maladaptive coping, but not adaptive coping, was a moderator of the association between the experience of trauma and symptoms of anxiety.

The present exploratory study examined adverse childhood experiences and religiosity in a sample of individuals from Southern Appalachia. Self-reports of childhood adversity and intrinsic religion were obtained from 167 individuals. Results showed that fifty-five percent had not experienced a childhood adversity while forty-three percent had experienced one to five episodes. Although a little under half the sample had one or more adverse experiences, there was no significant relationship between ACEs and intrinsic religion (r= -.037, p= .631). Sex and intrinsic religion were significantly related in that men endorsed the use of intrinsic religiosity more than women (t(165)= -2.28, p= .005).

No description available.

The purpose of this session is to examine the vestibular consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and blast exposure. Preliminary data will be presented showing characteristics of vestibular dysfunction and postural instability related to mild TBI and blast exposure. Also reviewed will be the latest findings including recent data collected at the War Related Illness & injury Center showing vestibular impairments in those with mTBI. The target audience is audiologists, physical therapists, neurologists, otolaryngologists. This session will cover intermediate level of content.

No description available.