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A new role for the non-aligned movement in a post-cold war eraChetty, Mahesh January 2000 (has links)
With the disappearance of the superpower conflict that characterised the Cold War era, many observers have begun to question whether the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) has a role to play in the post Cold War era. However the emergence of a number of issues on the international agenda, such as United Nations peacekeeping operations, global environmental issues and an increasing unwillingness on the part of the major economic powers to abide by GATT/WTO rules, have increasingly become of concern to non-aligned states. However whilst the United States has recognised that these issues require leadership in dealing with them, it has not been willing to supply that leadership. It shall therefore be argued that the changing nature of hegemony in world politics has set conditions that allow non-aligned middle powers and institutions greater scope for action and influence. The emergence of these issues has provided a scope for non-aligned middle powers, acting in accordance with their interests to play alternate leadership roles within an expanded scope for institutions, such as organisations, regimes and multilateralism, in addressing the interests of non-aligned states. Firstly in looking at an expanded role for organisations, the United States has increasingly been unwilling to play a leadership role within UN peacekeeping operations. The continuing importance of the neutrality of UN peacekeeping operations has provided a scope for nonaligned middle powers to play a burden-sharing role with the great powers in addressing the concerns of non-aligned states with regard to these operations. Secondly in looking at an expanded scope for regimes, the emergence of a regime in the issue of ozone depletion may provide a foundation to analyse how non-aligned middle powers may play a bridge-building role between North and South in the issue of climate change. Middle powers could therefore play this role in the absence of United States leadership within this issue. Thirdly, the role of the Cairns Group within the Uruguay Round in addressing non-aligned states’ interests of maintaining stable agricultural trade, can be seen as a model of small group multilateralism in bridging the divide between the major powers in issue specific areas.
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The changing role and identity of the Nonaligned Movement (1955-1998)Buhigiro, Jean Leonard 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine how the role and identity of the Nonaligned
Movement (NAM) changed during and after the Cold War. The demise of the
Movement in the post-Cold War era, predicted by some scholars, is discussed.
This study examines whether the Movement merely offered an alternative grouping
during the Cold War. The issue that becomes evident with respect to the Cold War is
to show the terror it brought about and how the Third World became the battleground
of the Superpowers.
The question as to what extent the role played by the Movement defused the Cold
War is investigated. It is shown that the Movement sent emissaries to Washington
and Moscow to resolve the German Crisis in 1961 and to reduce the arms race.
A historical overview of the Movement is offered, which determines the role of Afro-
Asianism in the birth of the Nonaligned Movement. It is explained that the 1955
Bandung conference gathered leaders from independent African and Asian states -
with different foreign policies - which created energies that in the following years
greatly affected Third World politics and the shaping of nonalignment. This study
traces also the role of different gatherings of the Movement up to the Durban Summit
of 1998. At issue are also participating countries in the 1961 Belgrade Summit, which
are described, as well as the growth of the Movement's membership.
Different goals of the Movement are examined. Some, like nuclear disarmament, the
right to self-determination, peaceful coexistence, and the right for the Palestinians to a
homeland, were adopted during the Cold War and still remain valid. Others, like
protection of the environment, and the struggle for human rights, were implemented
during the post-Cold War era. The détente allowed the Movement to launch a New
International Economic Order. An attempt is made to show the failure and success of
the Movement in this respect. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal hoe die rol en identiteit van die
Onverbonde Beweging (NAM) tydens en na die Koue Oorlog verander het. Die
ondergang van die Beweging in die na-Koue Oorlogse era soos deur sommige kenners
voorspel is, word ook ondersoek.
Die studie het probeer vasstelof die Beweging 'n alternatiewe groepering tydens die
Koue Oorlog teweeg gebring het. Die kwessie met betrekking tot respect tot die Koue
Oorlog bewys dat terreur meegebring word en hoe die Derde Wêreld die slagveld van
die Supermoondhede gemaak het.
Daar word ook gepoog om vas te stel tot watter mate die Beweging 'n rol gespeel het
in die ontlonting van die Koue Oorlog. In die verband word onder andere verwys na
die Beweging se pogings om die Duitse Krisis (1961) te ontlont en die wapenwedloop
te beëindig deur die stuur van afgevaardigdes na Washington en Moskou.
In 'n historiese oorsig van die Beweging word die rol wat 'n Afro-Asiatiese
gevoel/gees in die stigting van die Onverbonde Beweging gespeel het, ondersoek.
Die studie toon aan hoe die Bandung Konferensie van 1955 leiers van onafhanklike
state van Afrika en Asië, wat uiteenlopende buitelandse beleidsrigtings gehad het,
bymekaar gebring het. Hierdie uiteenlopendheid het 'n dinamika geskep wat Derde
Wêreldse politiek en die aard van onverbondenheid wesenlik beinvloed het in die jare
na die Konferensie. Verskeie byeenkomste van die Onverbonde Beweging tot en met
die Durbanse spitsberaad (1998) word ontleed. Die samestelling en verloop van die
spitsberaad in Belgrado in 1961 en die groei in die lidmaatskap van die Beweging
kom onder andere onder die loep. Verskeie van die Beweging se doelwitte wat tydens die Koue Oorlog beslag gekry het
en steeds geldig is, word onder die soeklig geplaas. Kernkrag ontwapening, die reg
op selfbeskikking, vreedsame naasbestaan en die Palestyne se reg op 'n eie
staat/tuisland is voorbeelde in die verband. Ander doelwitte van die beweging wat
veral in die na-Koue Oorlogse era geimplementeer is, soos die bewaring en
beskerming van die omgewing en die stryd om menseregte, word ook ondersoek. Die
loodsing van 'n Nuwe Internasionale Ekonomiese Orde deur die Beweging wat deur
die détente van die na-Koue Oorlogse era moontlik gemaak is, word ook bespreek en
die sukses en mislukking daarvan geëvalueer.
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