Orientador: Waldir Jose de Quadros / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Falvo_JosianeFachini_D.pdf: 3063784 bytes, checksum: e076b25a338552f4379e6a1820924dea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O estudo analisa a evolução, no período de 1981 a 2008, da desigualdade social nas metrópoles nordestinas de Salvador, Recife e Fortaleza. Inicialmente são discutidos os principais determinantes estruturais das disparidades sociais no Brasil: a concentração fundiária, a estrutura do mercado de trabalho e a natureza das políticas sociais e regionais. O panorama nacional dá suporte à apresentação dos desequilíbrios e das potencialidades da macrorregião nordestina, assim como as especificidades de suas metrópoles, localidades detentoras de relativo atraso no desempenho econômico e grande dívida social, em simultâneo à presença de modernos polos de dinamismo. As políticas de fomento das décadas de 1960 e de 1970 estimularam o desenvolvimento do setor industrial metropolitano; e a partir de 2004, a maior cobertura dos programas sociais, a valorização real do salário mínimo e a maior formalização do mercado de trabalho contribuíram para o desenvolvimento social. A proposta é iniciar uma nova fase de desenvolvimento distributivo, que consista na promoção planejada de desenvolvimento econômico e social. O comportamento da desigualdade social no Nordeste metropolitano é identificado por meio da análise da estrutura sócio-ocupacional, a qual regrediu com a desaceleração econômica da década de 1990 e a partir de 2004 apresentou expressiva redução do contingente de pessoas miseráveis em decorrência da maior incidência de programas governamentais. Entretanto, não foram consolidados canais efetivos de mobilidade ascendente e a maioria da população permaneceu na base social. Para que haja maior equalização social no Nordeste metropolitano, com a predominância de condições de vida equivalentes às dos segmentos medianos, é necessária a implantação de um padrão de desenvolvimento que proporcione impacto estruturante / Abstract: This paper analyzes the evolution, between 1981 and 2008, of social inequality in metropolitan areas of Salvador, Recife and Fortaleza. First of all, the main structural causes of social inequality in Brazil are discussed: the land property concentration, the structure of labor market, social policies and regional question. The national overview supports the presentation of imbalances and potentialities of Northeastern macro area, as well as metropolitan specific that are places that has a relative backward on economic performance and a huge social debt, but they have, at the same time, modern and dynamic poles. Foment policies in 60's and 70's stimulate the development of metropolitan industrial sector and, since 2004, a great cover of social programs, the real increase in the national minimum wage and the growth of regular labor relationship contribute to social development. The proposal is start a new age of distributive development that is the promotion of a planified social and economic development. The performance of social inequality in Northeast is identified by the study of social and occupational structure, that withdraw with the economic stagnation on 90's and, since 2004, results in a great reduction of poverty people because the increase in governmental programs. Nevertheless, there are not effective mechanism to promote the social mobility. It is necessary the implementation of a development model able to promote a structure impact that results a reduction of social inequality / Doutorado / Economia Social e do Trabalho / Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Segundo a OrganizaÃÃo Mundial de SaÃde, medicina tradicional à a soma das experiÃncias prÃprias de uma cultura, utilizada para prevenir, tratar e curar doenÃas fÃsicas e mentais. No Nordeste brasileiro, o uso de plantas medicinais como prÃtica terapÃutica està constantemente presente. Nesse contexto, os mercados pÃblicos abrigam os herbanÃrios, orientadores do uso e preparo de plantas, conservando a transmissÃo oral. A etnobotÃnica surge como mediadora entre os discursos cientÃfico e tradicional, envolvendo o fator cultural e sua interpretaÃÃo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as prÃticas populares e tradicionais de uso de plantas medicinais comercializadas em trÃs mercados pÃblicos do Nordeste brasileiro. Caracterizou-se como observacional, descritivo e exploratÃrio, realizado nos mercados SÃo SebastiÃo, CearÃ, Central de JoÃo Pessoa, ParaÃba e SÃo JosÃ, Pernambuco, no perÃodo de fevereiro a agosto de 2011. Aplicou-se um questionÃrio abordando questÃes socioeconÃmicas, sobre o comÃrcio de plantas e informaÃÃes sobre cada espÃcie vegetal vendida. Participaram 33 herbanÃrios cadastrados nesses mercados, destes, 57,6% do sexo feminino (n=19), 24,2% possuÃam mais de 60 anos de idade e 96,9% eram naturais do Nordeste (n=32). Em relaÃÃo à escolaridade, 42,4% concluÃram o ensino mÃdio (n=14). Vendiam em mÃdia 40 unidades de espÃcies vegetais por dia, sendo a remuneraÃÃo inferior a um salÃrio mÃnimo mensal em 28,5% dos casos (n=6), dentre os que responderam essa questÃo. O tempo mÃdio de trabalho nesse ofÃcio foi de 16 anos. Utilizavam como fonte de conhecimento as relaÃÃes interpessoais 37% (n=29), e 9,63% jà participaram de algum treinamento sobre o manejo de plantas medicinais (n=3). Do total de espÃcies citadas (n=311), chegou-se ao nÃmero de 43 coincidentes nos trÃs mercados. Calculou-se a importÃncia relativa (IR) , sendo as plantas de maior destaque: alecrim (IR=1,87); jatobà (IR=1,72) e eucalipto (IR=1,44). ApÃs identificaÃÃo botÃnica do material-testemunho, confirmou-se a indicaÃÃo popular para o alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). As amostras de jatobà fornecidas por fornecedores do Mercado Central de JoÃo Pessoa estavam infÃrteis, impossibilitando a identificaÃÃo precisa (Hymenaea aff courbaril.). Jà as do Cearà e Pernambuco, foram identificadas como Hymenea stignocarpa Hayde O eucalipto comercializado era o Eucalyptus citriodora, o qual, segundo à literatura cientÃfica, deveria ser utilizado como desinfetante domÃstico. Foi observado, tambÃm, o Fator do Consenso do Informante (FCI), sendo o tratamento para transtornos do sistema respiratÃrio o mais prevalente (FCI=0,65), apresentando 64 espÃcies citadas e 17 tipos de usos distintos reportados. A ausÃncia de atividades em grupo prejudica a qualidade desse ofÃcio, colocando em risco a saÃde da populaÃÃo que recorre aos herbanÃrios na esperanÃa de cura para seus males. A realizaÃÃo de oficinas educativas sobre o uso adequado de plantas medicinais poderia qualificar essa profissÃo, estimular a entrada de mais pessoas nessa atividade e (re)conquistar da sociedade brasileira o reconhecimento das prÃticas populares e tradicionais do uso de plantas medicinais. / According to the World Health Organization, traditional medicine is the sum of personal experiences of a culture resorted to prevent, treat and cure physical and mental diseases. In northeastern Brazil, the use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic practice is diffusely present. In this context, public markets shelter herbalists, guiding the use and preparation plant, conserving the oral transmission. The Ethnobotany arises as a mediator between scientific and traditional discourses involving the cultural factor and its interpretation. The aim was to investigate the popular and traditional practices of medicinal plants using commercialized in three public markets in Northeast Brazil. It was characterized as observational, descriptive and exploratory, held in SÃo SebastiÃo (CE), Central (PB) and SÃo Josà (PE) markets in the period from February to August 2011. It was applied a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic issues on the trade of plants and information about each species sold. 33 participants registered herbalists, of whom 57.6% were female (n = 19), 24.2% were older than 60 years old and 96.9% were born in the Northeast (n = 32). Regarding education, 42.4% completed high school (n = 14). They sold an average of 40 units per day, and getting less than the minimum monthly wage by 28.5% of cases (n = 6), among those who answered this question. The average working time in this job was 16 years. Used as a source of knowledge the interpersonal relationships 37% (n = 29) and 9.63% have attended some training on the management of medicinal plants (n = 3). Of the species mentioned (n = 311), came to the number of 43 matching the three markets. We calculated the relative importance (RI), and the most outstanding plants: rosemary (RI = 1.87); jatobà (RI = 1.72) and eucalyptus (RI = 1.44). After botanical identification of the material-witness, it was confirmed the nomination popular to rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The samples provided by middlemen jatobà Central Market, PB, were infertile, precluding accurate identification (Hymenaea courbaril aff.). The samples from Ceara and Pernambuco were identified as Hymenea stignocarpa Hayde. The Eucalyptus was sold, which, according to scientific literature should be used as a household disinfectant. It was also observed, the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and treatment for disorders of the respiratory system the most prevalent (ICF = 0.65), with 64 species listed and 17 different types of uses reported. The absence of group activities affect the quality of that office, putting at risk the health of the population that uses the herbalists hoping the cure for their ills. The educational workshops on the proper use of medicinal plants could qualify these professionals, stimulate the entry of more people in this activity and (re)gain the recognition of Brazilian society practices of popular and traditional use of medicinal plants.

nÃo hà / A piscicultura nacional e encontra-se em franco desenvolvimento, com destaque para a RegiÃo Nordeste. Atualmente existe uma demanda por novas tÃcnicas de cultivo de espÃcies nativas, visto que a maior parte da produÃÃo nacional se baseia no cultivo de espÃcies exÃticas. O pirarucu e uma espÃcie nativa com grande potencial para a produÃÃo. A primeira tentativa de introduÃÃo do pirarucu no nordeste se deu na dÃcada de 1930 em setes aÃudes. Estas populaÃÃes de pirarucu serviram de fonte alimentar alternativa ao homem, porÃm, nÃo controlaram a densidade de populaÃÃes de peixes indesejados, como piranhas. Os estoques de pirarucu destes aÃudes foram esgotados apos 40 anos de sua introduÃÃo, tendo redes de espera como possÃvel principal fator contribuinte para isto. Fatores indiretos incluem a falta de fiscalizaÃÃo da pesca e o fim do perÃodo de defeso. No atual programa de re-introduÃÃo, conduzido pelo DNOCS a partir da dÃcada de 2000, os pirarucus sao manejados em cativeiro. Em geral, a metodologia de transporte, acondicionamento, reproduÃÃo e treinamento alimentar de pirarucu em cativeiro, tem sido eficientes. A melhor taxa de arraÃoamento de alevinos tanto em viveiros quanto em tanques foi de 2% da biomassa em raÃÃo. As desovas em cativeiro ocorreram entre os meses de agosto e fevereiro. A comercializaÃÃo de alevinos abrangeu quatro Estados nordestinos e um da regiÃo norte. Uma das dificuldades para o cultivo do pirarucu à a ausÃncia de caracteres externos que identifiquem o sexo de exemplares vivos. Resultados de um projeto piloto conduzido neste estudo restringem a utilidade de um determinado primer de RAPD e citogenÃtica para identificaÃÃo do sexo do pirarucu. / The national fish farming production is vastly increasing, especially in northeastern Brazil. There is currently a demand for new management techniques for native species. This is because most of Brazilian production is based on farming of exotic species. The bonytongue is a native species with great potential for farming. The bonytongue was first introduced in the northeastern Brazil in late 1930âs in seven dams. These bonytongue populations served as food resources for human populations, but did not control populations of undesirable fish species, as piranhas. The stocks of bonytongue populations in these dams were depleted after 40 years of its introduction. One main reason for this depletion is likely to be the use of drift nets. Other indirect factors be lack of fishery law enforcement. The current bonytongue re-introduction program, conducted by DNOCS, started in the decade of 2000 and have bonytongue fishes managed in fish farms. Overall, the methods employed for transport, acclimatization, reproduction and food training may be considered satisfactory. The best feeding rate for neonates was 2% of total biomass. Reproduction occurred between August and February. Neonate bonytongues were traded and taken to cities both in the Northeastern and North regions. One difficult for managing bonytongues is the absence of external characters for sexual identification. Results of a pilot project conducted in this study restrict the usefulness of one RAPD marker and cytogenetics for sexual determination of bonytonges.

This thesis expounds the theoretical underpinnings of problem-solving approach to conflict resolution. It also criticizes the traditional state-centric approach to conflict resolution being followed by the Inter Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in the Sudanese civil war. IGAD was initially known as Inter Governmental Authority on Drought and Desertification (IGADD), but was renamed IGAD in 1996. Its objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict prevention, resolution, and management, and humanitarian affairs. It is stipulated in the thesis that IGAD faces problems that need attention if the Sudanese civil war is to be resolved. A key problem is that while IGAD's objectives were reformulated to give priority to conflict resolution, IGAD's management structure has remained the same. The management structure is state-centric and lacks neutrality, which is a very important ingredient in deep-rooted social conflict resolution. The management structure, which was initially based on combating drought and desertification, was not restructured to conform to the realities of a problem solving approach to conflict resolution. The committee that was formed to look into the Sudanese conflict is composed of states in dispute with Sudan. The other structural problem cited in the thesis is that the IGAD peace process is cumbersome and does not include all aggrieved parties. The meetings involve heads of state, ministers, ambassadors and other government representatives. The peace process is not inclusive of other important players such as other rebel movements. This thesis concludes that: 1. there is a need for peace keeping forces from neutral African Union (AU) member states; 2. conflict resolution specialists are deployed in the region whose main task would be to assist the belligerent groups to reach a common understanding of their problems; 3. the United Nations (UN) acts proactively to create international awareness to the Sudanese problem.

Zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) have nutrient-type vertical distributions reflecting control driven by biological uptake in surface waters and remineralization of sinking biogenic particles at depth. Both metals show strong correlations with major algal nutrients (Cd with phosphate (PO43-) and Zn with silicic acid (Si)) in the world ocean. Through their roles as micronutrients and toxins to marine phytoplankton, Zn and Cd can influence surface biological community composition. Preserved Zn and Cd records have been employed as proxies to gain insight into nutrient distributions, circulation, and organic carbon export in the paleocean. A thorough and mechanistic understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of Zn and Cd is necessary for accurate paleoceanographic reconstructions as well as predicting alterations in metal supply to the modern surface ocean and its impacts on primary productivity due to oceanic changes. My dissertation aims to further this understanding through an investigation of Zn and Cd distributions in the subarctic northeast Pacific through samples collected along the Line P transect. A major focus of this dissertation was identifying and characterizing depletions of metals in O2-depleted waters relative to global and basin scale metal:macronutrient correlations. Dissolved Cd profiles from the subarctic northeast Pacific and the eastern North Atlantic show a deficit of Cd relative to regional Cd:PO43- relationships. Particulate Cd and Cd stable isotopes (ε112/110Cd) from low-O2 North Atlantic waters and published sedimentary data from the subarctic northeast Pacific point to a previously undocumented water-column metal removal process acting in O2-depleted waters. Metal sulphide formation, likely in association with particulate microenvironments, can explain the observed deficits. Other metals with similar sulphide coordination chemistry should also form metal sulphides if this process is occurring. Dissolved Zn from Line P showed distributions and Zn:Si relationships that are consistent with the removal of metal in O2-depleted waters through sulphide formation. A first order approximation of the Cd deficit suggests that sulphide formation may be an important sink term in the global Cd cycle. Surface and upper nutricline Zn:Si and Cd:PO43- relationships in the chronically iron (Fe)-limited subarctic northeast Pacific showed distinct trends, which differ from those seen in Fe-replete regions. Distributions suggest the formation of surface biogenic particles with high Cd:PO43- and Zn:Si, leaving surface waters depleted in metals relative to macronutrients and resulting in high metal:macronutrient ratios in the nutricline as these particles sink and are remineralized. This is consistent with understandings of phytoplankton physiology and uptake of divalent metals under Fe-limitation, and corresponds well with global data for dissolved Cd:PO43- patterns in Fe-limited regions. Subsurface high Cd:PO43- and Zn:Si may also be influenced by the advection of water enriched in trace metals. The distinct shallow remineralization horizon observed for Zn compared to Si in the subarctic northeast Pacific by this and previous work presents a fundamentally different distribution than observed in global Zn:Si compilations. Directed sampling in the subarctic northeast Pacific should help elucidate the mechanism behind the oceanographically distinct distributions in this basin. Dissolved ε112/110Cd from Line P demonstrates a remarkably uniform subarctic northeast Pacific deepwater reflecting an advected source signal. Particulate ε112/110Cd samples show an active Cd cycle, which is not imprinted upon the dissolved phase. Particulate ε112/110Cd from 200-600 m depth is among the lightest ε112/110Cd ever reported for natural telluric samples. This may be an important sink for light Cd in the global ocean, which at present is heavy with respect to known sources. Line P surface waters with very low Cd concentrations are not accurately represented by a closed-system Rayleigh model, which can describe ε112/110Cd in the Southern Ocean. This suggests spatially and/or temporally variable surface ε112/110Cd fractionation. A large difference is observed in reported dissolved ε112/110Cd at very low Cd concentrations between different instrumentations. An intercalibration is necessary to determine if this is an analytical artefact or reflects real oceanic variability. / Graduate

Orientador: Esdras Rodrigues Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Queiroz_RuckerBezerra_D.pdf: 6234718 bytes, checksum: 24c95df0e6461a73b8cfaf4ca4ee5f40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, na área de práticas interpretativas, tem como objetivo confrontar o ideal musical e interpretativo do Movimento Armorial com as performances do Quintetos Armorial (1974), da Paraíba (1994) e Uirapuru (2014). De forma a se ter uma obra que possibilitasse essa comparação utilizou-se o "Toré", de Antônio Madureira. O trabalho encontra-se dividido em três capítulos onde o primeiro versa sobre o Movimento Armorial e sua música. O segundo contextualiza os quintetos e suas formações. O terceiro traz a análise interpretativa da obra Toré / Abstract: This research in the area of ??performance practice, aims to confront the musical and interpretive ideal of Armorial Movement with performances of Quintets Armorial (1974), Paraíba (1994) and Uirapuru (2014). In order to have a work that enabled this comparison we used the music " Toré", by Antonio Madureira. The thesis is divided into three chapters where the first is about the Armorial Movement and its music. The second contextualizes the three quintets and their formations. The third brings the interpretative analysis of the music "Toré" / Doutorado / Praticas Interpretativas / Doutor em Música

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