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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Michael A. O'Neal, Dept. of Geography. Includes bibliographical references.

Nourishing beaches and coastlines is a common practice in mitigating the effects of coastal erosion. Cullet, a geologically compatible aggregate, has been suggested for use in beach nourishment practices instead of dredged sands. The goal of this research is to assess the suitability of using of cullet to replace dredged sand as a nourishment aggregate and to educate the public about the potential uses for cullet as it relates to coastal erosion. The compatibility of cullet to natural quartz sand relies heavily on the comparison of physical characteristics of the grains and ecological compatibility, which compares the microorganisms that naturally exist on a sand grain to the microorganisms that occur on cullet in the same environment. Results show under the same environmental parameters, similar assemblages and amounts of microorganisms grow on both natural quartz and cullet substrates. Initial resistance to the concept of purposely putting broken glass onto a beach from coastal communities and their visitors is anticipated. An opinion survey to measure potential acceptance of the practice and to test the value of a hands-on educational program was conducted using both online and in-person platforms. These surveys will guide the development of an education program regarding mitigation of coastal erosion and the potential impacts of beach replenishment with cullet. Results show there is a concern regarding cullet in beach environments, but a hands-on learning approach may aide in acceptance. A comparison of sediment transport models that analyze the movement of a nourished shoreline and associated variables was conducted. This comparison determined a need for a model specifically accounting for morphological grain characteristics, the grains break down over time, and influences on the life of a nourishment project. The variables of importance include grain size evolution throughout the lifespan of a nourishment project, grain angularity, and composition relative to the native sediments of a nourished beach. Ambiguity of grain variables need further refinement with a forthcoming model. The biota and survey results show favor of cullet as a suitable beach fill material, however models including hardness and composition might contest the results related to project lifespans and overall suitability.

The Nanbin-Beibin beach (South-North beach) at Haulien city on the east coast of Taiwan was probably in a dynamic state close to stable, prior to the completion of the Eastern Breakwater extension for Hualien harbor. Since 1987, this beach has begun experiencing adverse effect of the breakwater extension, with erosive trend continuing at Huazern beach and Nanbin Beach, accompanying by accretion at Beibin. Government authorities have constructed seawalls, submerged breakwaters and applied several types of precast concrete blocks to protect the eroding section of the coast. This study investigates the beach processes at Nanbin-Beibin Beach, starting from its oceanographic and climate condition, beach changes in the past four decades, to the protective countermeasures installed. With large-scale geomorphic approach, it is expected that combining headland control with nourishment could provide local residents and tourists with a harmonious semi-natural coastal space. This report contains the discussion on SBEACH¡Ðsoftware for beach changes induced by storm waves, headland control with stable bayed beach and artificial nourishment; followed by description of shoreline protection at Nanbin-Beibin Beach, and finally a proposal for improving the beach stability. The study follows some of the known principles and software available in the field of coastal engineering today. Firstly, stability of the Nanbin-Beibin Beach in relation to the total length of the Eastern Breakwater of Hualein harbor is assessed by MEPBAY software recently developed for the application of parabolic bay shape equation. Secondly, a rational beach retreat is calculated using SBEACH software, which is to be used as a minimum buffer width for a proposed bayed beach using MEPBAY. Thirdly, headland control approach is suggested using artificial headlands in a curved shape rather than the traditional straight groin and detached breakwater in narrow gaps. Finally, total volume of the fill materials and budget are estimated, in order to enhance the applicability of this study. By implementing MEPBAY, it can be found that the stability of Nanbin-Beibin Beach will transform from unstable natural re-shaping to static equilibrium, using an upcoast control point 150 m short off the tip of the Eastern Breakwater. Thus, the eroding potential to Nanbin Beach could be effectively removed, and the local erosion may then become manageable. In this way, part of the precast concrete units forming the submerged breakwaters in front of the seawalls at Nanbin Beach may be taken out for construction of new detached or submerged units or artificial headlands elsewhere at Beibin Beach. The entire detached breakwater system should then be re-designed with a widened gap between units combined with bayed beach in static equilibrium and nourishment. Sufficient buffer width should be provided to all the static bay shapes so implemented. It is envisaged that the geomorphic approach considered in this report may help devise a plan to restore the eroding beach at Hualein.

Nutrition of children is crucial for normal physical, mental, and social development especially in the 6 to 24 months age group, as they are in the fast growing phase. Literature has reported under-nourishment as one of the causes of child mortality, which implies that addressing under-nourishment in children is one way of reducing child mortality. Nutrition guidelines for infants and children have been formulated by the World Health Organisation and the National Department of Health in South Africa. In spite thereof, there is a concern about the children between the ages of 6 to 24 months from a particular township in Gauteng who suffer from under-nourishment. The aim of this study was to develop strategies to improve feeding practices among caregivers of children aged 6 to 24 months residing in the particular township. Method: The researcher followed a qualitative paradigm that was explorative and descriptive. The first phase was to collect and describe current caregivers feeding practices (including cultural practices) of children 6 to 24 months. Data collection was done by means of two focus groups with purposively selected caregivers of children aged 6 to 24 months admitted in paediatric ward and diagnosed with under-nourishment alone or under-nourishment accompanied by other diseases. Caregivers' suggestions on how they can nourish their children aged 6 to 24 months was explored and described. The collected data was transcribed and coded into themes and sub-themes, followed by literature control. Caregivers suggested the following measures to improve their children's nutritional status: discarding old habits and adding new habits; introducing feeding pattern; the need to be provided with knowledge regarding factors associated with nutritional status; having access to information regarding financial management. The strategies were then based on the following themes: (1) educating and training caregivers regarding (food groups, nutrition and malnutrition, preparation of food, hygienic maintenance of utensils and hands, Introducing and adhering to a certain feeding pattern and frequency, creation of small gardens, subsistence farming and the use of recyclable water and proper financial planning and budget (2) to motivate caregivers to enhance nutrition. The second phase was to refine the strategies with the inputs from purposively selected healthcare professionals based on their knowledge regarding nutrition of children. The completeness of the strategies were disconfirmed by healthcare professionals based on the fact that educating caregivers on food groups alone without simple meal plans and augmentation of available funds to buy those food groups was inadequate. Furthermore, drought, which leads to water restriction and lack of funds to buy seeds, hamper the sustainability of subsistence farming. The significance of the study was that the caregivers, being responsible for nutrition of the children and being co-contributors of these strategies, buy-in was expected to improve the nutrition of the children and to improve nutritional health status. It is further expected that the strategies will be relevant and useful to other caregivers in the township. / Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Nursing Science / MCur / Unrestricted

(in English) The current thesis on Nourishment of the czech aristocracy in period before Bílá Hora and contemporary medical literature focuses on two main topics: dining and medicine. Today, both could be included under one label, which is nutrition. The thesis can be divided into two parts. The first one, on the topic of cuisine/dining of noblemen, introduces their diet, habits and provides a few examples of period recipes. The second one presents overview of books that addressed the issue of dining and cuisine at that time. This part also includes personal and literary profiles of several personalities whose writings contributed to this area. A link between these two parts is a chapter on cuisine from the perspective of physicians. In writing the thesis I relied mostly on two sources: literature on lifestyle and historiographic literature. The latter focuses on cuisine from an everyday life perspective without the medical point of view. The objective of the thesis is to show that cuisine, or nutrition is not only a matter of modern age, but it had its place in the examined period as well.

For the last several decades, beach nourishment has been a widely implemented erosion mitigation strategy along many developed coastlines. Measuring subsequent patterns of erosion and accretion can help elucidate local sediment transport trends, improve time scale predictions of profile equilibration, decrease renourishment intervals, and adjust future engineering design of nourishments. This study evaluates the morphologic evolution of two beach nourishment projects (e.g., characterized as a full and partial nourishment) at the same location in Boca Raton, Florida using time series beach profiles, surface sediment samples, and wave data. More than 85% of sediment volume was retained within the full nourishment six months after project completion, compared to 50% retained eight months after completion of the partial nourishment. Wave energy largely influenced immediate post nourishment change. Profile equilibration was controlled by high-energy events (i.e., hurricanes) for both nourishments. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Study aim. To assess the variety composition and taxonomical dependence of macromothes in Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone. Study goals: 1. To investigate the macromothes fauna in Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone. 2. To investigate rare, very rare and widely distributed macromothes in Lithuania, Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone. To prepare recomendations for the very rare mothes preservation. Study object. The macromothes of Žuvintas biosphere rezerve. Methods. The data collected from 2005 05 29 till 2005 10 15 in Žuvintas biosphere reserve. The macromothes were tempted by using a 700 W luminescencical lamp all the summer and the beginning of autumn starting at late hour 23 till 3 at night. All the mothes met were caught into poisoning catcher. The number of macromothes was recorded. The macromothes were described according to taxonomical and trophical dependence, distribution and plenty (R. Kazlauskas, P. Ivinskis, A. Gedminas). Results. 80 macromothes species were captured in Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone which depended to 11 families. The most common is Noctuidae family – 46 species. The captured macromothes had 9 very rare species and 11 rare species not only in Lithuania, but also in Baltic States. 6 species of mothes are rare in Lithuania and other Baltic states. They are: Herse convolvuli, Simyra nervosa, Oligia strigilis, Arenostola phragmitidis, Lygephila craccae... [to full text]

Thesis (M.S.)--University of West Florida, 2007. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 152 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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