Galaxy clusters are powerful tools for studying various astrophysical principles. Gas accreting onto the cluster is heated to 10^7-10^8 K through adiabatic compression and shocks, making clusters highly luminous in X-ray imaging. Measurements of the gas density and temperature profiles can be used to calculate the gas mass fraction f_gas, which is expected to closely match the cosmic baryon fraction Ω_b/Ω_m. Recent observations have found entropy profiles in cluster outskirts that are shallower than predicted and values of f_gas that are higher than the Universal baryon fraction inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Abell 133 was an ideal candidate for studying this phenomenon, since it had recently been observed in a wide (R≈30') Chandra mosaic with an exposure time of ∼2 Ms. The X-ray imaging was combined with existing optical imaging from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and spectroscopy obtained from the Magellan telescope, to search for any possible gas clumps and to study their properties. The photometric analysis yielded over 3200 red sequence galaxies to a depth of r'=22.5, which were used to create a Gaussian smoothed intensity map and a significance map of the cluster (compared to CFHT Legacy Survey data). About 6 significant overdensities were detected in the significance map, although these did not fully correspond to contours obtained from the X-ray image. Spectroscopy obtained on the cluster yielded ∼700 secure redshifts, of which about 180 were cluster members. This included data from the NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey (NFPS) and the 6 Degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS). We found a cluster redshift of z=0.0561±0.0002 and a velocity dispersion of σ=743±43 km/s. The dynamical analysis gave a virial radius of r_v=1.44±0.03 Mpc and a virial mass of M_v=(5.9±0.8)×10^14 M_sun. We also found values of R_500=1.21±0.07 Mpc and M_500=(5.3±0.9)×10^14 M_sun for γ=1/3 and R_500=0.99±0.05 Mpc and M_500=(2.9±0.5)×10^14 M_sun for γ=1/2, where γ is a parameter related to the assumed density profile and the velocity anisotropy. About 30 overdensities with a radius R_c≥30" were detected as gas clumps on the X-ray image. The galaxy distribution in these clumps was analyzed, both for the stacked signal as well as the individual clumps, in ten parallel colour-magnitude bands to find any significant red sequences associated with them. Most of these clumps appeared to be background systems, some consisting of 1-2 galaxies, others being small groups or clusters. Only 2-3 clumps appeared to be associated with the cluster itself. This suggests that the cluster density profile is actually quite smooth, which may not agree with recent numerical simulations. Further studies are required to determine if the cluster density distribution is consistent with what is predicted and the nature of the background systems.

Galaxy clusters are powerful tools for studying various astrophysical principles. Gas accreting onto the cluster is heated to 10^7-10^8 K through adiabatic compression and shocks, making clusters highly luminous in X-ray imaging. Measurements of the gas density and temperature profiles can be used to calculate the gas mass fraction f_gas, which is expected to closely match the cosmic baryon fraction Ω_b/Ω_m. Recent observations have found entropy profiles in cluster outskirts that are shallower than predicted and values of f_gas that are higher than the Universal baryon fraction inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Abell 133 was an ideal candidate for studying this phenomenon, since it had recently been observed in a wide (R≈30') Chandra mosaic with an exposure time of ∼2 Ms. The X-ray imaging was combined with existing optical imaging from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) and spectroscopy obtained from the Magellan telescope, to search for any possible gas clumps and to study their properties. The photometric analysis yielded over 3200 red sequence galaxies to a depth of r'=22.5, which were used to create a Gaussian smoothed intensity map and a significance map of the cluster (compared to CFHT Legacy Survey data). About 6 significant overdensities were detected in the significance map, although these did not fully correspond to contours obtained from the X-ray image. Spectroscopy obtained on the cluster yielded ∼700 secure redshifts, of which about 180 were cluster members. This included data from the NOAO Fundamental Plane Survey (NFPS) and the 6 Degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS). We found a cluster redshift of z=0.0561±0.0002 and a velocity dispersion of σ=743±43 km/s. The dynamical analysis gave a virial radius of r_v=1.44±0.03 Mpc and a virial mass of M_v=(5.9±0.8)×10^14 M_sun. We also found values of R_500=1.21±0.07 Mpc and M_500=(5.3±0.9)×10^14 M_sun for γ=1/3 and R_500=0.99±0.05 Mpc and M_500=(2.9±0.5)×10^14 M_sun for γ=1/2, where γ is a parameter related to the assumed density profile and the velocity anisotropy. About 30 overdensities with a radius R_c≥30" were detected as gas clumps on the X-ray image. The galaxy distribution in these clumps was analyzed, both for the stacked signal as well as the individual clumps, in ten parallel colour-magnitude bands to find any significant red sequences associated with them. Most of these clumps appeared to be background systems, some consisting of 1-2 galaxies, others being small groups or clusters. Only 2-3 clumps appeared to be associated with the cluster itself. This suggests that the cluster density profile is actually quite smooth, which may not agree with recent numerical simulations. Further studies are required to determine if the cluster density distribution is consistent with what is predicted and the nature of the background systems.

Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso realizado com jovens estudantes da Zona Leste de São Paulo que fizeram parte da mobilização secundarista de 2015, marcada pelas ocupações de escola. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a formação de visões de mundo e as formas de engajamento político desses sujeitos, procurando relacioná-las aos elementos imediatos do seu cotidiano. Ao longo da dissertação, discute-se a relação desses jovens tanto com ativistas quanto com atores que compõe sua realidade local. Verificou-se que o envolvimento em um cursinho popular atuante na Zona Leste de São Paulo teve grande peso em seu processo de politização e que, a partir dos laços ali construídos, ligaram-se a uma rede mais ampla de novas formas de ativismo. Identifica-se também uma tensa relação com o conjunto de atores identificado como agentes da ordem: policiais, burocracia escolar, igreja e famílias. Por fim, acompanhando seu percurso de engajamento posterior à onda de ocupações escolares de 2015, percebe-se o rompimento desses jovens com a ideia de representação e a afinidade com repertórios autonomistas, bem como uma forte ligação com plano local. / This research consists of a case study made with young students from the east side of São Paulo who were part of a mobilization in 2015, marked by a wave of school occupations. The objective of the research was to investigate the formation of the students worldview and political engagement, relating them to the immediate elements of their daily life. Throughout the dissertation, we discuss their relationship with both activists and actors that are part of their local reality. It was verified that a community college course had a great influence in their process of politicization and that, from the bonds built there, they were connected to a wider network of new forms of activism. It also identifies a tense relationship with the set of actors identified as \"agents of order\": police officers, school bureaucracy, church and families. Finally, following their path of engagement after the wave of school occupations, one can see the youth breakup with the affinity and idea of autonomist representation repertoires, as well as a strong connection with local plan.

Study aim. To assess the variety composition and taxonomical dependence of macromothes in Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone. Study goals: 1. To investigate the macromothes fauna in Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone. 2. To investigate rare, very rare and widely distributed macromothes in Lithuania, Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone. To prepare recomendations for the very rare mothes preservation. Study object. The macromothes of Žuvintas biosphere rezerve. Methods. The data collected from 2005 05 29 till 2005 10 15 in Žuvintas biosphere reserve. The macromothes were tempted by using a 700 W luminescencical lamp all the summer and the beginning of autumn starting at late hour 23 till 3 at night. All the mothes met were caught into poisoning catcher. The number of macromothes was recorded. The macromothes were described according to taxonomical and trophical dependence, distribution and plenty (R. Kazlauskas, P. Ivinskis, A. Gedminas). Results. 80 macromothes species were captured in Žuvintas biosphere rezerve ecological preservative zone which depended to 11 families. The most common is Noctuidae family – 46 species. The captured macromothes had 9 very rare species and 11 rare species not only in Lithuania, but also in Baltic States. 6 species of mothes are rare in Lithuania and other Baltic states. They are: Herse convolvuli, Simyra nervosa, Oligia strigilis, Arenostola phragmitidis, Lygephila craccae... [to full text]

107f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-08-12T17:47:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Cláudia Santana Moura.pdf: 831572 bytes, checksum: fb224b487bc41fecd4cb27a3bd927b47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-08-26T15:50:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Cláudia Santana Moura.pdf: 831572 bytes, checksum: fb224b487bc41fecd4cb27a3bd927b47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-26T15:50:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Cláudia Santana Moura.pdf: 831572 bytes, checksum: fb224b487bc41fecd4cb27a3bd927b47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / FAPESB / Através dessa etnografia almejei investigar o que é o shopping para os adolescentes negros de baixa renda em Salvador e como se relacionam em um espaço voltado para o consumo. Para fins de coleta de dados, realizei observações de campo, entrevistas formais com frequentadoras de shopping, grupos focais com estudantes de escola pública, análise documental de materiais disponíveis na internet e notícias de jornal. Entre os jovens negros de periferia pesquisados, o shopping apresenta-se como um dos espaços favoritos de lazer, competindo apenas com a praia. As dimensões racial e socioeconômica repercutem diretamente na socialidade desses jovens no contexto dos shoppings, produzindo certo constrangimento ao circularem pelas diversas áreas internas. Por outro lado, observei que é curiosamente em shopping, local de valorização do consumo e da aparência física, que os jovens de periferia vivenciam o lazer e se sentem acolhidos. É nessa “pequena cidade” que os jovens se identificam e gostam de “curtir a vida”. Through this ethnography I proposed to investigate what is the shopping mall for low-income black teenagers in Salvador and how they establish relations in a place devoted to consumption. To data collection ends I did field observations, formal interviews with mall-goers, focus groups with students from public schools, document analysis of materials available on the Internet and newspaper reports. Among the young interviewed, the mall is considered one of the favorite leisure places, competing only with the beach. Racial and socioeconomic dimensions directly affected the sociality of these young people in the mall, for it generates constraints to hang around the many internal areas of such location. At the same time, I observed that it is curiously the mall, place where consumption and physical appearance are appreciated, that young black of poor neighborhoods spend their leisure time and feel welcomed. It is in this “small town” that these young people identify themselves and like to “enjoy life”. / Salvador

Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso realizado com jovens estudantes da Zona Leste de São Paulo que fizeram parte da mobilização secundarista de 2015, marcada pelas ocupações de escola. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a formação de visões de mundo e as formas de engajamento político desses sujeitos, procurando relacioná-las aos elementos imediatos do seu cotidiano. Ao longo da dissertação, discute-se a relação desses jovens tanto com ativistas quanto com atores que compõe sua realidade local. Verificou-se que o envolvimento em um cursinho popular atuante na Zona Leste de São Paulo teve grande peso em seu processo de politização e que, a partir dos laços ali construídos, ligaram-se a uma rede mais ampla de novas formas de ativismo. Identifica-se também uma tensa relação com o conjunto de atores identificado como agentes da ordem: policiais, burocracia escolar, igreja e famílias. Por fim, acompanhando seu percurso de engajamento posterior à onda de ocupações escolares de 2015, percebe-se o rompimento desses jovens com a ideia de representação e a afinidade com repertórios autonomistas, bem como uma forte ligação com plano local. / This research consists of a case study made with young students from the east side of São Paulo who were part of a mobilization in 2015, marked by a wave of school occupations. The objective of the research was to investigate the formation of the students worldview and political engagement, relating them to the immediate elements of their daily life. Throughout the dissertation, we discuss their relationship with both activists and actors that are part of their local reality. It was verified that a community college course had a great influence in their process of politicization and that, from the bonds built there, they were connected to a wider network of new forms of activism. It also identifies a tense relationship with the set of actors identified as \"agents of order\": police officers, school bureaucracy, church and families. Finally, following their path of engagement after the wave of school occupations, one can see the youth breakup with the affinity and idea of autonomist representation repertoires, as well as a strong connection with local plan.

Esta dissertação dedica-se à análise das séries televisivas brasileiras Cidade dos Homens (2002-2005) e Antonia (2006-2007), tomadas aqui como obras privilegiadas para se debater o lugar simbólico que a periferia adquire no universo audiovisual e na dinâmica social atual. Interessa particularmente compreender como tais programas se colocam perante as assimetrias de poder, a dominação e a desigualdade social, abordando as implicações éticas, estéticas e políticas da representação. Destaca-se padrões e divergências entre os projetos, localizando-os num repertório cinematográfico e televisivo e interpretando-os dentro do campo de tensões sociais contemporâneas. / The following dissertation analyses the Brazilian television shows Cidade dos Homens (2002-2005) and Antonia (2006-2007). Such productions are in a privileged position to discuss the simbolic place that poverty in urban outskirts develops in the audiovisual environment and nowadays social dynamics. This study is particularly interested in understanding how these programmes portrait power asymmetries, social domination and inequity, at the same time they confront ethical, esthetic and political implications of such representation. I highlight patterns and differences, as I look upon them in the light of a broader movie and television production spectrum, interpreting each object minding the paradigms of contemporary social tension.

Esta tese se propôs a pesquisar a reprodução social da classe trabalhadora na periferia da metrópole soteropolitana. O objetivo era compreender, no bojo do processo de modernização capitalista, o relacionamento entre as formas sociais de reprodução com as práticas da classe trabalhadora a partir de duas dimensões específicas: a do habitar e a do trabalho. Para tanto, buscamos dialogar com duas abordagens teóricas: a marxista de Henri Léfèbvre e a da resistência de Michel de Certeau. Este trabalho se compõe de cinco capítulos, além da introdução e considerações finais. No primeiro apresentamos nosso referencial teórico-metodológico. No segundo e terceiro capítulos são descritas as formas e práticas de reprodução da classe trabalhadora, respectivamente, nos níveis espaciais da cidade e do bairro. O quarto capítulo é o dedicado à análise formal do objeto. Enquanto no quinto a análise é de caráter dialético. Concluímos que parte significativa da reprodução da classe trabalhadora na periferia ocorre através de formas e práticas derivadas da escravidão, porque é uma condição necessária e contraditória da modernização capitalista típica em nossa formação social. / This thesis set out to investigate the social reproduction of working class in the outskirts of the city of Salvador. The goal was to understand in the middle of the process of capitalist modernization, the relationship between social forms of reproduction with the practices of the working class through two specific dimensions: that of dwelling and of the work. To do so, we tried to dialogue with two theoretical approaches: the Marxist of Henri Lefebvre and the resistance of Michel de Certeau. This work consists of five chapters, plus introduction and closing remarks. At first we present our theoretical method. In the second and third chapters the forms and practices of reproduction of the working class are describing, respectively, in the space levels of the city and neighborhood. The fourth chapter is devoted to formal analysis of the object. While in the fifth analysis is dialectical. We conclude that a significant proportion of the reproduction of the working class in the outskirts occurs through forms and practices derived from slavery because it is a necessary and contradictory condition of the typical capitalist modernization in our social formation.

Esta tese aborda as concepções e as práticas locais de educação, criação e produção de conhecimento entre os moradores, os professores e os estudantes de uma escola em um bairro na periferia de São Paulo, o Recanto dos Humildes. A partir de uma etnografia do bairro e de uma escola municipal, a pesquisa buscou descrever e comparar a socialidade dos moradores e seus filhos com aquela que existe no interior da instituição escolar, demonstrando as diferentes e as similares práticas de conhecimento e de educação. Busca-se explorar a teoria nativa elaborada pelas moradoras do Recanto sobre a criação de seus filhos, que concede centralidade às conversas e à palavra falada na produção das relações familiares. Por meio das broncas e das narrativas, as mães mostram o mundo para seus filhos e lhes ensinam a distinguir o certo do errado. Foi possível constatar que também na escola a linguagem adquire centralidade, tanto nas brincadeiras entre os estudantes, como na interação destes com seus professores. Ao descrever os jogos de linguagem e a gíria empregada pelos estudantes para produzir as práticas de zoeira, será possível analisar as variações da língua portuguesa pretendidas pelos estudantes quando buscam capturar uma brecha, narrar uma fita ou ainda zoar com seus colegas e amigos. Esta tese apresenta a contribuição de demonstrar como a palavra falada produz relações sociais e as pessoas em círculos de influência que envolvem a família e os amigos. Família e escola serão descritas como uma oposição gerativa, uma definindo-se em oposição por similaridade e por diferença à outra. / This thesis describes the concepts and local practices of education, upbringing children and production of knowledge among residents and teachers/students in a school in Recanto dos Humildes, a neighborhood on the outskirts of São Paulo, Brazil. From an ethnography of the neighborhood and of a municipal school, this survey describes and compares the socialization of residents and their children with the situation within the school itself, demonstrating different and similar practices related to knowledge and education. The intention was to explore the theory of education created by the residents of Recanto with regard to the raising of their children, which emphasizes conversation and spoken discourse in the formation of family relationships. Using scoldings as well as narratives, the mothers mostram o mundo [show the world] to their children, teaching them to distinguir o certo do errado [tell right from wrong]. In school, it was also seen that language has a central role in banter among the students as well as in the interaction between the pupils and their teachers. In describing the wordplay and slang games employed by students in the production of zoeira [poking fun], it is possible to analyze the variations of Portuguese language which the students pursue in trying to catch a brecha [an opportunity in the conversation to launch a joke or a comeback], narrar uma fita [to describe something that happened], or zoar [poke fun at] their classmates and friends. This thesis contributes to this field of study by demonstrating how the spoken word produces social relations and persons in circles of influence which involve family and friends. Family and school are described as a generative opposition which defines itself in opposition to the other through similarity and through difference.

Submitted by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-22T12:43:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina de Lima Pires.pdf: 3946131 bytes, checksum: 7e16e9cb44e2ccaed3cf260229b718d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-22T12:44:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina de Lima Pires.pdf: 3946131 bytes, checksum: 7e16e9cb44e2ccaed3cf260229b718d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2016-11-22T12:47:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina de Lima Pires.pdf: 3946131 bytes, checksum: 7e16e9cb44e2ccaed3cf260229b718d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T12:47:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina de Lima Pires.pdf: 3946131 bytes, checksum: 7e16e9cb44e2ccaed3cf260229b718d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / The consumer age brings enormous challenges to citizens. Permeated by multiple technological advances, mass media is among the protagonists of this cultural fabric. In turn, education is the most relevant location for the construction of dialogue and the formation of critical individuals. The challenges of the consumer age for the fields of communication / education will be among the points analyzed in this research, which seeks to study the cultural consumption of a a group of learners, residents of Vila Brasilândia, a neighborhood on the outskirts of the city of São Paulo. The study is oriented by theoretical references not only in communication, education, and consumerism, but also in the anthropology of consumption, history, economics, and sociology, in order to understand the cultural fabric in which the learners are involved. The research was carried out during a series of informal, educational encounters with the learners, who are from public schools and live in situations of poverty, racial discrimination, symbolic and physical violence. Throughout the entire research, we used a dialogical-communicative process with the learners in order to produce meaning and deal with language and their social, linguistic and ideological competencies. With children, youth and one adult, this group of learners has subjects in different phases of development, with different cognitive capacities and distinct family situations. During the two years of research with the group, the participants wrote texts and created drawings using four trigger words (your street, your neighborhood, your school, and your city). Using a specific methodology and seeking to demonstrate how the world they live in is editted, we produced a newspaper called “As notícias correm” (The news runs). In the end, the trajectory of the analysis points out just how aware these learners are of themselves and the world in which they live. / A era do consumo traz enormes desafios aos cidadãos. Permeada por múltiplos avanços tecnológicos, ela tem entre seus protagonistas da trama cultural os meios de comunicação. Por sua vez, o local pertinente para a construção do diálogo e para a formação de sujeitos críticos é a educação. Os desafios do campo da comunicação/educação na era do consumo serão um dos pontos analisados nesta pesquisa, que tem entre seus objetivos estudar o consumo cultural de um grupo de educandos, moradores da Vila Brasilândia, bairro periférico da cidade de São Paulo. Buscamos orientação em um referencial teórico, não apenas da comunicação, da educação e do consumo, mas também da antropologia do consumo, da história, da economia e da sociologia para procurar entender a trama cultural onde estão envolvidos os educandos. A pesquisa ocorre ao longo dos encontros em um trabalho de educação não formal com estes educandos, alunos de escolas públicas, vivendo em situação de pobreza, discriminação racial, violência simbólica e física. Durante toda a pesquisa, utilizamos com os educandos um processo dialógico-comunicativo, passamos pela produção de sentidos e trabalhamos a língua e sua competência social, linguística e ideológica. Formado por crianças, jovens e uma adulta, este grupo de educandos é constituído por sujeitos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, com diferentes capacidades cognitivas e com situações familiares distintas. Em dois anos de pesquisa com o grupo, por meios de quatro palavras geradoras (sua rua, seu bairro, sua escola e sua cidade), eles produziram textos e desenhos. Por meio de uma metodologia específica, buscando mostrar como o mundo em que vivem é editado, produzimos um jornal: “As notícias correm”. O percurso da análise aponta, por fim, como estes educandos têm consciência de si e do mundo em que vivem.