Cette étude porte sur l’œuvre entière de Kuki Shûzô (1888-1941), non seulement sur sa pensée de la contingence, ses théories de la rime et du temps, son essai sur l’iki (idéal éthique et esthétique de l’époque d’Edo), mais aussi sur ses déclarations d’ordre politico-culturel sur l’ethnie (minzoku) et la guerre. Essai d’histoire de la philosophie japonaise, elle se propose de présenter et d’approfondir les dialogues que Kuki a entretenus, parfois directement, avec l’Europe philosophique de l’époque (notamment Bergson et la phénoménologie), mais aussi avec les philosophes japonais (notamment Watsuji et Tanabe) et un monde intellectuel plus large (le « mouvement pour la culture » de l’ère Taishô, les discussions sur la poésie japonaise, le débat sur la « littérature du hasard »), dialogues à partir desquels les concepts de Kuki ont émergé. Nous interprétons son œuvre en mettant en valeur une tension entre insistance sur le « concret donné » et logique de l’identité. Avancé par Kuki contre l’idée d’universel abstrait, le concret donné est incarné par plusieurs figures du « nous », du commun, qui se caractérisent par la différence avec autrui : l’ethnie, la coexistence intersubjective de l’iki, la rencontre contingente entre individus, dont nous donnons une interprétation phénoménologique. La logique de l’identité est présente dans l’idée d’identité ethnique, la métaphysique de l’éternel retour du même et la praxis de l’assimilation d’autrui dans l’identité du moi. Nous élucidons la manière dont Kuki systématise cette tension, ainsi que les conséquences de cette systématisation sur les questions éthique et politique de la communauté et des rapports entre individu, nation et monde. / This study focuses on Kuki Shûzô’s entire oeuvre: not only on his theories of contingency, rhyme, and time, and his essay on iki (the ethical and esthetical ideal of Edo period), but also on his cultural-political assertions on ethnic people (minzoku) and war. This essay on history of Japanese philosophy tries to present and develop dialogues that Kuki maintained, sometimes directly, with European philosophers of the time (in particular Bergson and the phenomenologists), but also Japanese philosophers (in particular Watsuji and Tanabe) as well as the broader intellectual world (the “movement of culturalism” of the Taisho era, debates on Japanese poetry and the “literature of contingency”). It was from these dialogues that Kuki’s concepts emerged.I interpret his oeuvre by emphasizing tensions between insistence on the “given concrete” and the principle of identity. Claimed by Kuki against the idea of an abstract universal, the given concrete is embodied by several figures of “we”, of the common, which are characterised by difference with others: ethnic people, intersubjective coexistence of iki, the contingent encounter between individuals, of which I give a phenomenological interpretation. Logic of identity is represented by the idea of ethnic identity, the metaphysics of eternal return of the same, and the praxis of assimilation of others in the identity of the “I”. I clarify the way Kuki systematizes this tension, as well as the consequences of this systematization on ethical and political problems of community and relationships between the individual, nation, and world.

Thesis advisor: Thomas D. Stegman / Thesis advisor: Christopher R. Matthews / The history of interpretation of the phrase nous Christou, which Paul employs in 1 Cor 2:16, mainly focuses on tracing the Hellenistic influence on his writings. No doubt, the Greek language Paul employs in explaining the gospel and the dominant culture of his world make this scholarly proclivity a credible one. But Paul, being a faithful Jew and a creative writer, is capable of appealing to his rich and diverse religious heritage, and his literary ingenuity to communicate his message. This angle of interpretation is seldom explored in discussing the nous Christou. / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

O volume de literatura secundária sobre o conceito aristotélico de noûs produtivo é proporcional à brevidade e à obscuridade com que ele é apresentado no quinto capítulo do terceiro livro do \"De Anima\". Esta dissertação visa investigar as razões que fazem deste texto terreno fértil para as mais diversas interpretações. Para tanto, este estudo parte do comentário analítico de DA III 4-5, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas de cada passagem e as variantes textuais mais significativas. Procurou-se explorar outras passagens do corpus aristotélico que podem ser utilizadas para elucidar o conteúdo desses capítulos, considerando as opções adotadas pelos principais comentadores antigos. Após mostrar que o texto comporta igualmente as leituras mais díspares, buscou-se evidenciar como elementos extratextuais, tais como a filosofia e o método exegético predominante no tempo de cada interprete podem ser identificados nas opções adotadas. Para tanto, adotou-se a obra de Alexandre de Afrodísia como objeto de exposição e análise, uma vez que sua identificação do nous produtivo à Causa Primeira de Met. XII 7-9 é a mais influente e polêmica das exegeses deste conceito. Para tanto, foram apresentadas suas principais teses e contrastadas com a base textual aristotélica, de modo pôr em relevo as características do método do Exegeta. / The amount of secondary literature on the Aristotelian concept of productive nous is proportional to the briefness and obscurity of its presentation in the fifth chapter of the Book Three of the De Anima. This thesis aims to investigate the reasons why this text offers a fertile ground for the most varied interpretations. Therefore, this text begins with an analytical commentary on DA III 4-5, highlighting the interpretative possibilities and the most significant textual variants of each passage. We searched for other passages of the Aristotelian corpus that could help us elucidate the content of these chapters, considering the options adopted by the main ancient commentators. After showing how the text equally accepts the most disparate readings, we tried to evidence how extra-textual elements, such as the philosophy and exegetical method predominant in the time of each interpreter can are present in the adopted options. For this, the work of Alexander of Aphrodisias was adopted as object of exposition and analysis, since its identification of the productive nous to the First Cause of Met. XII 7-9 is the most influential and polemical exegesis of this concept. His main arguments were presented and contrasted with the Aristotelian textual background, to highlight the characteristics of the Exegete\'s methods.

O volume de literatura secundária sobre o conceito aristotélico de noûs produtivo é proporcional à brevidade e à obscuridade com que ele é apresentado no quinto capítulo do terceiro livro do \"De Anima\". Esta dissertação visa investigar as razões que fazem deste texto terreno fértil para as mais diversas interpretações. Para tanto, este estudo parte do comentário analítico de DA III 4-5, destacando as possibilidades interpretativas de cada passagem e as variantes textuais mais significativas. Procurou-se explorar outras passagens do corpus aristotélico que podem ser utilizadas para elucidar o conteúdo desses capítulos, considerando as opções adotadas pelos principais comentadores antigos. Após mostrar que o texto comporta igualmente as leituras mais díspares, buscou-se evidenciar como elementos extratextuais, tais como a filosofia e o método exegético predominante no tempo de cada interprete podem ser identificados nas opções adotadas. Para tanto, adotou-se a obra de Alexandre de Afrodísia como objeto de exposição e análise, uma vez que sua identificação do nous produtivo à Causa Primeira de Met. XII 7-9 é a mais influente e polêmica das exegeses deste conceito. Para tanto, foram apresentadas suas principais teses e contrastadas com a base textual aristotélica, de modo pôr em relevo as características do método do Exegeta. / The amount of secondary literature on the Aristotelian concept of productive nous is proportional to the briefness and obscurity of its presentation in the fifth chapter of the Book Three of the De Anima. This thesis aims to investigate the reasons why this text offers a fertile ground for the most varied interpretations. Therefore, this text begins with an analytical commentary on DA III 4-5, highlighting the interpretative possibilities and the most significant textual variants of each passage. We searched for other passages of the Aristotelian corpus that could help us elucidate the content of these chapters, considering the options adopted by the main ancient commentators. After showing how the text equally accepts the most disparate readings, we tried to evidence how extra-textual elements, such as the philosophy and exegetical method predominant in the time of each interpreter can are present in the adopted options. For this, the work of Alexander of Aphrodisias was adopted as object of exposition and analysis, since its identification of the productive nous to the First Cause of Met. XII 7-9 is the most influential and polemical exegesis of this concept. His main arguments were presented and contrasted with the Aristotelian textual background, to highlight the characteristics of the Exegete\'s methods.

Mémoire de maîtrise--Histoire--Strasbourg--Université Marc Bloch, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 327-330.

AR media or augmented reality has become increasingly prevalent in today's society, and more and more applications leverage the technology's ability to present digital 3D objects in the physical space, particularly in gaming. However, the auditory aspect, also known as audio augmented reality (AAR), has not received much attention despite its presence in various forms in our daily lives. From information systems that announce the arrival of the next train through speakers to museums that provide guided tours through buildings using headphones, AAR surrounds us almost every day. But how would a game be experienced and constructed solely using AAR? This article explores the construction of an interactive auditory gaming experience using Audio Augmented Reality (AAR). The focus is on analyzing the techniques employed to create this gaming experience entirely through AAR. Furthermore, the potential inherent in this medium as an inclusive experience for a broad audience is discussed. By exploring and analyzing the implementation of Dolby Atmos in the interactive auditory game "Ambience," this article contributes to the understanding of AAR as an innovative technology and its potential to create unique and accessible experiences for different users. / AR medier eller augmented reality är en teknik som har blivit allt vanligare förekommande i dagens samhälle och fler och fler applikationer använder sig av teknikens förmåga att framställa digitala 3D-objekt i det fysiska rummet, framför allt inom spel. Trots detta har den auditiva delen, även kallad audio augmented reality (AAR), inte fått mycket uppmärksamhet, trots att den existerar i någon form runt omkring oss nästan dagligen. Allt från informationssystem som kan berätta via högtalare när nästa tåg anländer till museer som använder hörlurar för att ge guidade turer genom byggnader. Men hur skulle en interaktivupplevelse byggas upp som endast använder sig av AAR? Denna artikel undersöker uppbyggnaden av en interaktiv audiell upplevelse med hjälp av Audio Augmented Reality (AAR). Fokus ligger på att analysera de tekniker som användes för att skapa denna upplevelse helt genom AAR. Vidare diskuteras den potentiella inneboende kraften i denna typ av medium som en inkluderande upplevelse för en bred publik. Genom att utforska och analysera implementeringen av Dolby Atmos i den interaktiva audiella upplevelsens ambiens, bidrar denna artikel till förståelsen av AAR som en nyskapande teknik och dess potential att skapa unika och tillgängliga upplevelser för olika användare.

La diversité des affrontements qui ont touchés la Moselle et la singularité historique de ce département y ont rendu difficile la construction d’une mémoire collective des conflits. Les associations mosellanes d’anciens combattants sont aujourd’hui à un tournant de leur histoire. Leur étude permet d’établir leurs rôles et permet de voir comment a évolué leur force, non seulement au sein du milieu militaire, mais aussi dans le monde civil. Nous avons abordé l’évolution de la place et du pouvoir de ces associations, envisagées dans leur grande diversité et nous nous sommes demandé quelles sont la ou les organisations spatiales et hiérarchiques, ainsi que le contenu de leur discours. Ces travaux s’articulent donc autour de l’histoire militaire, sociale et orale. L’analyse de plusieurs associations spécifiques et notamment la plus connue d’entre elles, celle des Malgré-Nous et Réfractaires, permet d’établir une typologie générale de ces structures. Si cette thèse établit des conclusions sur les associations de Moselle, elle apporte surtout une grille de lecture pour des travaux similaires appliqués à d’autres départements. / The diversity of the conflicts that affected the Moselle region and the historical uniqueness of this départment made difficult to form a collective memory on modern conflicts. Moselle’s War veterans organisations are now at a turning point in their history. The study of these associations provides us insight into the role they have played hitherto and how they have evolved within the military environment and the civilian world. We have addressed the evolution of the place and the influence of these associations, seen in their great diversity and we investigated the different spatial and hierarchical organizations, as well as the contents of their speechs. This work therefore revolve around the military, social and oral history. This analysis of several specific associations, including the most known of them, Malgré-Nous et Réfractaires, allows to establish a general typology of these structures. If this thesis establishes conclusions regarding the associations of Moselle, it mainly provides an analytical framework for similar works applied to other départments.

(Annotation) This thesis compares the orthodox approach to man to psychotherapeutics, especially with psychoanalysis, analytic psychology and logoterapy. These systems arise from positivistic backgrounds and approaches to man in this direction. In opposite to psychoanalysis analytic psychology and logoterapy think about spiritual aspect in life of man, but both systems mostly psychologize this aspect. The orthodox psychotherapy especially works with this spiritual aspect. It comes out from patristic anthropology referring that man is God's creature according to Genesis. The spirit aspect plays the cardinal role in the relationship between man and God. This relationship was corrupted by the rebellion of man against God. This rebellion has changed the ontological nature of man. According to the orthodox psychotherapy mental disorders are a result from this ontological change of man, which characterized by "garment of skin" done by God for man to revive in fallen state. The solution of mental disorders and then spiritual problems is to accept the state of "garments of skill" and in renewing of relationship with God.

A presente dissertação trata da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) entre os povos indí-genas sob a perspectiva do Direito Humano a Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) e da Soberania Alimentar (SA). Apresenta à experiência dos indígenas Asheninkas do Alto Rio Envira, nar-rada a partir deles mesmos, com o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) enquanto be-neficiários fornecedores, no Município de Feijó, Estado do Acre. O PAA invest igado é exe-cutado pelo governo do estado e a modalidade é a Compra com Doação Simultânea. Demons-tra-se, por meio do Estudo de Caso, que o PAA pode fortalecer a segurança alimentar e nutri-cional dessas sociedades diferenciadas com manutenção da sua autonomia cultural. Com isso, debate-se as questões sobre a prioridade legal conferida a estes segmentos e a valorização para a aquisição de produtos tradicionais, intrínsecos á cultura, alimentação e culinária indí-gena. A ressignificação e adequação do Programa localmente unida aos laços de reciprocidade e parentesco, típicos das comunidades indígenas, contribuem para o acesso e manutenção de famílias isoladas geograficamente no Programa. Argumenta-se ainda, que a participação indí-gena no PAA, uma vez seguido os princípios legislativos do Programa e o respeito à autode-terminação dos povos, fortalece o resgate e manutenção dos sistemas alimentares tradicionais dos povos indígenas em seus territórios e terras indígenas já conquistadas legalmente. Assim, o PAA constitui-se não apenas em uma politica geradora de renda, mas, reúne, principalmen-te, características opostas às politicas indigenistas praticadas no passado. / This dissertation discusses food security and nutrition between indigenous people under the consideration of The Human Right to Adequate Food and Food sovereignty perspectives. It presents the experience of the Asheninkas’ people from the high Envira River with the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in Feijo municipality, from their narratives as suppliers-beneficiaries. The program studied is implemented by the state government in the modality of Buy with Simultaneous donation. It is demonstrated through this case study that the PAA can strengthen food security and nutrition of these diverse societies maintaining their cultural au-tonomy. By this means, questions about the legal priority given to these segments and the appreciation to the acquisition of traditional products, intrinsic to indigenous culture, food and cuisine, are raised and debated. The local reinterpretation and adaptation of the program com-bined with the reciprocity ties and parentage, typical of indigenous communities, contribute to the access and maintenance of geographically isolated families in the program. It is further argued that the indigenous participation on PAA, once its legislative principles and the respect for these people self-determination are observed, strengthens the recovery and maintenance of indigenous traditional food systems in indigenous territories and lands already occupied legal-ly. Therefore, the PAA is not just a income generation policy, but also, and specially, a policy with opposite characteristics from the old indigenous policies.

L'aplicació de mètodes de cribatge virtual adquireix cada vegada més importància en el procés de descobriment de fàrmacs, complementant a les tècniques de High-throughput screening per tal de facilitar i contribuir a la comprensió dels mecanismes bioquímics d'actuació dels fàrmacs, donar agilitat i reduir el cost del procés.Pel que fa a la present tesi, l'interès farmacològic és la inhibició de receptors de tirosina cinases. Aquests enzims participen en múltiples processos de senyalització cel·lular, fet que fa que tant la disfunció de les mateixes o el seu paper privilegiat en els mecanismes del cicle cel·lular les converteixin en diana farmacològica de malalties com el càncer i altres relacionades amb desordres hiperproliferatius, migratoris, del desenvolupament embrionari i malalties vasculars. Una de las estratègies d'inhibició més usuals és el bloqueig del lloc d'unió de l'ATP a través de molècules orgàniques com les piridopirimidines, heterocicles especialment interessants per al grup d'investigació en el qual es desenvolupa aquest treball per la seva àmplia experiència sintètica en aquests sistemes.En la present tesi s'exploren i validen gran part de les tècniques de cribatge virtual amb l'objectiu d'establir una seqüència jerarquitzada de filtres que permetin avaluar aquells compostos candidats a ser sintetitzats. Els successius passos de filtrat inclouen la selecció de compostos d'una quimioteca virtual a partir de la diversitat o representativitat de l'espai químic, l'aplicació de recerques de similitud i models farmacofòrics construïts a partir d'inhibidors coneguts, un filtrat mitjançant docking o acoblament dels inhibidors a la cavitat d'unió d'aquestes proteïnes i mètodes de predicció de l'afinitat d'unió d'una sèrie de lligands. La jerarquia d'aquestes etapes s'imposa a partir de la diferència de recursos computacionals que requereix cadascuna d'elles, sent aquests cada vegada superiors. Els mètodes han estat validats retrospectivament en bases de dades formades per compostos actius recopilades de la bibliografia. Una vegada validades, han permès la caracterització prospectiva dels candidats sintètics.S'ha dissenyat un fingerprint d'interacció estructural proteïna-lligand basat en el concepte de parells atòmics (IFbAP) destinat a facilitar el postprocessat dels resultats de docking, aplicant-se com a filtre en un cribatge virtual. La seva capacitat per a discriminar entre compostos actius e inactius s'analitza per a tres dianes: el receptor d'estrogen, el receptor del factor de creixement de fibroblasts i la transcriptasa reversa del HIV.Paral·lelament, s'ha seguit amb el desenvolupament del programa PRALINS (Program for Rational Analysis of Libraries in Silico), programa dirigit al disseny de quimioteques combinatòries virtuals que incorpora els principals criteris de selecció basats en diversitat. En el context de les quimioteques combinatòries focalitzades, es proposa un nou mètode (Direct), la capacitat de focalització del qual s'ha testat front als mètodes tradicionals, també implementats a PRALINS. Així mateix s'incorporen i analitzen mètodes d'avaluació de diversitat, suggerint-se un mètode (cell-integral-diversity criterion) destinat a superar els desavantatges dels mètodes tradicionals. S'incorporen els algoritmes genètics a PRALINS com a tècnica d'optimització, tant d'un únic criteri de diversitat/similitud com per a realitzar optimitzacions multiobjetiu.En l'àmbit d'una altra línia d'investigació del grup dirigida cap al desenvolupament d'inhibidors del procés de fusió del HIV, s'estudia el mode d'unió de dos antagonistes de CXCR4 i CCR5, receptors cel·lulars de la família de les GPCRs implicats en aquesta etapa del cicle del virus. / La aplicación de métodos de cribado virtual cobra cada vez más importancia en el proceso de descubrimiento de fármacos, complementando a las técnicas de High-throughput screening con el fin de facilitar y contribuir a la comprensión de los mecanismos bioquímicos de actuación de los fármacos, agilizar y reducir el coste del proceso.En particular, el interés farmacológico de la presente tesis es la inhibición de receptores de tirosina quinasas. Estos enzimas participan en múltiples procesos de señalización celular, por lo que tanto la disfunción de las mismas o su papel privilegiado en los mecanismos del ciclo celular las convierten en diana farmacológica de enfermedades como el cáncer y otras relacionadas con desórdenes hiperproliferativos, migratorios, del desarrollo embrionario y enfermedades vasculares. Una de las estrategias de inhibición más usuales es el bloqueo del sitio de unión del ATP a través de moléculas orgánicas como las piridopirimidinas, heterociclos especialmente interesantes para el grupo de investigación en el que se desarrolla este trabajo por su amplia experiencia sintética en dichos sistemas.En la presente tesis se exploran y validan gran parte de las técnicas de cribado virtual con el objetivo de establecer una secuencia jerarquizada de filtros que permitan evaluar aquellos compuestos candidatos a ser sintetizados. Los sucesivos pasos de filtrado incluyen la selección de compuestos de una quimioteca virtual a partir de la diversidad o representatividad del espacio químico, la aplicación de búsquedas de similitud y modelos farmacofóricos construidos a partir de inhibidores conocidos, un filtrado mediante docking o acoplamiento de los inhibidores en la cavidad de unión de estas proteínas y métodos de predicción de la afinidad de unión de una serie de ligandos. La jerarquía de estas etapas se impone a partir de la diferencia de recursos computacionales que requiere cada una de ellas, siendo éstos cada vez superiores. Los métodos han sido validados retrospectivamente en bases de datos formadas por compuestos activos recopilados de la bibliografía. Una vez validadas, han permitido la caracterización prospectiva de los candidatos sintéticos.Se ha diseñado un fingerprint de interacción estructural proteína-ligando basado en el concepto de pares atómicos (IFbAP) destinado a facilitar el postprocesado de los resultados de docking, aplicándose como filtro en un cribado virtual. Su capacidad para discriminar entre compuestos activos e inactivos se analiza para tres dianas: el receptor de estrógeno, el receptor del factor de crecimiento de fibroblastos y la transcriptasa reversa del HIV.Paralelamente, se ha continuado con el desarrollo del programa PRALINS (Program for Rational Analysis of Libraries in Silico), programa dirigido al diseño de quimiotecas combinatorias virtuales que incorpora los principales criterios de selección basados en diversidad. En el contexto de las quimiotecas combinatorias focalizadas, se propone un nuevo método (Direct), cuya capacidad de focalización se ha testado frente a los métodos tradicionales, también implementados en PRALINS. Asimismo se incorporan y analizan métodos de evaluación de diversidad, sugiriéndose un método (cell-integral-diversity criterion) destinado a superar las desventajas de los métodos tradicionales. Se incorporan los algoritmos genéticos en PRALINS como técnica de optimización, tanto de un único criterio de diversidad/similitud como para realizar optimizaciones multiobjetivo.En el ámbito de otra línea de investigación del grupo dirigida hacia el desarrollo de inhibidores del proceso de fusión del HIV, se estudia el modo de unión de dos antagonistas de CXCR4 y CCR5, receptores celulares de la familia de las GPCRs implicados en dicha etapa del ciclo del virus. / Virtual screening is progressively gaining importance in the drug discovery process, complementing high-throughput screening in order to facilitate and contribute to the understanding of the action mechanism of drugs, while expediting and reducing the cost of the process.The pharmacological focus of this thesis lies in the inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors. These enzymes are the critical components of signalling pathways, so both their dysfunction and their privileged role in the cell cycle pathways make them pharmacological targets in diseases such as cancer and others related to hyperproliferative disorders, migratory disorders, embryonic development and vascular pathologies. One of the most common strategies of inhibition is the blockage of the ATP binding site by small organic molecules such as pyridopyrimidines, which are of particular interest for the research group where this project was carried out due to our wide experience in the synthesis of these heterocycles.In the present thesis, most of the techniques currently employed in virtual screening are explored and validated with the aim of establishing a hierarchical database of screening to be used in the evaluation of drug candidates to be synthesized. The successive filtering steps include compound selection from a combinatorial library based on diversity or representativity of the chemical space, pharmacophore similarity searches, docking and affinity predictions for a series of ligands. The different strategies have been retrospectively validated in databases containing active compounds compiled from literature. After validation, they have been applied in the prospective characterization of the synthetic candidates.A structural interaction fingerprint has been designed, based on the concept of atomic pairs (IFbAP), for the post processing of docking outputs as a filter step in virtual screening. Its ability to discern between active and inactive compounds has been analysed for three targets: estrogen receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor and HIV reverse transcriptase.We have also continued developing the PRALINS program (Program for Rational Analysis of Libraries in Silico), a program for the design of combinatorial libraries, which incorporates the main diversity selection criteria. In the context of focused combinatorial libraries, we propose a new method (Direct), whose ability to focalise has been compared to the traditional methodologies also implemented in PRALINS. Moreover, different diversity evaluation criteria have been compared, introducing a new method (cell-integral-diversity criterion) aimed at surpassing the disadvantages of traditional techniques. We have implemented genetic algorithms as optimisation techniques, both for unique diversity/similarity criterion and for carrying out multiobjective optimisations.Within another research area of interest for the group, directed towards the development of inhibitors of the HIV fusion process, we study the binding mode for CXCR4 and CCR5 antagonists.