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Cette étude porte sur l’œuvre entière de Kuki Shûzô (1888-1941), non seulement sur sa pensée de la contingence, ses théories de la rime et du temps, son essai sur l’iki (idéal éthique et esthétique de l’époque d’Edo), mais aussi sur ses déclarations d’ordre politico-culturel sur l’ethnie (minzoku) et la guerre. Essai d’histoire de la philosophie japonaise, elle se propose de présenter et d’approfondir les dialogues que Kuki a entretenus, parfois directement, avec l’Europe philosophique de l’époque (notamment Bergson et la phénoménologie), mais aussi avec les philosophes japonais (notamment Watsuji et Tanabe) et un monde intellectuel plus large (le « mouvement pour la culture » de l’ère Taishô, les discussions sur la poésie japonaise, le débat sur la « littérature du hasard »), dialogues à partir desquels les concepts de Kuki ont émergé. Nous interprétons son œuvre en mettant en valeur une tension entre insistance sur le « concret donné » et logique de l’identité. Avancé par Kuki contre l’idée d’universel abstrait, le concret donné est incarné par plusieurs figures du « nous », du commun, qui se caractérisent par la différence avec autrui : l’ethnie, la coexistence intersubjective de l’iki, la rencontre contingente entre individus, dont nous donnons une interprétation phénoménologique. La logique de l’identité est présente dans l’idée d’identité ethnique, la métaphysique de l’éternel retour du même et la praxis de l’assimilation d’autrui dans l’identité du moi. Nous élucidons la manière dont Kuki systématise cette tension, ainsi que les conséquences de cette systématisation sur les questions éthique et politique de la communauté et des rapports entre individu, nation et monde. / This study focuses on Kuki Shûzô’s entire oeuvre: not only on his theories of contingency, rhyme, and time, and his essay on iki (the ethical and esthetical ideal of Edo period), but also on his cultural-political assertions on ethnic people (minzoku) and war. This essay on history of Japanese philosophy tries to present and develop dialogues that Kuki maintained, sometimes directly, with European philosophers of the time (in particular Bergson and the phenomenologists), but also Japanese philosophers (in particular Watsuji and Tanabe) as well as the broader intellectual world (the “movement of culturalism” of the Taisho era, debates on Japanese poetry and the “literature of contingency”). It was from these dialogues that Kuki’s concepts emerged.I interpret his oeuvre by emphasizing tensions between insistence on the “given concrete” and the principle of identity. Claimed by Kuki against the idea of an abstract universal, the given concrete is embodied by several figures of “we”, of the common, which are characterised by difference with others: ethnic people, intersubjective coexistence of iki, the contingent encounter between individuals, of which I give a phenomenological interpretation. Logic of identity is represented by the idea of ethnic identity, the metaphysics of eternal return of the same, and the praxis of assimilation of others in the identity of the “I”. I clarify the way Kuki systematizes this tension, as well as the consequences of this systematization on ethical and political problems of community and relationships between the individual, nation, and world.

As the pre-hospital emergency medical service experienced a series of interactions, so they should be well-managed to improve the needs of patients and the quality of pre-hospital EMS. Based on the approaches of service encounter, we can further understand and guide the performance of EMT and the reactions from patients. Especially besides the technical aspect, we expected that the quality of pre-hospital EMS and the evaluation made by general people will be also emphasized. We can see that partly EMS disputive events were happened because there are some communication problems between EMT and family members. And the communication problems were almost originated from the mutual mis -understanding and self-servicing biases. The anticipation and consciousness demand difference enlarges, causes to have the dispute. The research first carries on the important instance to investigate, collect 42 senior EMT from Kaohsiung city government fire department, to provide satisfaction events 31, not satisfactory events 23 carry on the nature analysis. The reasons of satisfy or dissatisfy includes: The service attitude, rescues the specialized skill, the communication ability, extra provides the service, coordinates the patient demand, rescues factor and so on equipment and rescue time. Then depends on the obtained each factor and the reference correlation literature discussion carries on the populace to ask the volume design, asks the volume revision and the test, the populace questionnaire survey and so on. Finally analyzes the populace to ask the volume adjusts the result, to have rescued the service contact experience each factor and the populace oral traditions response relations. The research arranges part-time workers carries on the street corner to ask the volume and the recycling, total sends out 1060, recycles 928, effectively asked volume 781, invalid ask volume 147. In view of 781 effectively asked the volume carries on a letter analysis using the SPSS software, the factor analysis, the t-test, variance statistical method and so on and regression analysis. Screens affects populace oral traditions to be supposed the multiple coefficient of correlation (correlative value) respectively is: Rescues the personnel the clothing correct manners discipline (0.236), the service attitude(0.254), the first aid technology (0.351), generally rescues the equipment (0.243), the specialty rescues the equipment (0.214) and the rescue time (0.261)and so on. After regression analysis, by factor forecast (first aid technology, specialized equipment, general equipment) oral traditions response result: R2¡@¡@¡×0.137, the F test reaches extremely reveals the standard. Conclusion¡GUnder the government limited expenditure, wants to enhance the populace positive oral traditions to respond that, first should strengthen rescues the personnel the first aid technology, purchases the specialized first aid equipment and the general equipment in turn.

The researches about service encounters often aimed at the interaction between customers and employees before. With the development of technology, it has been introduced into service industry to assist with service providing. Not only did technology change the original relation of interpersonal contact, but also it replied the interaction between customers and employees. Therefore, this study explored the change of entire satisfaction sources after the technology infusion in service encounters from the customer¡¦s point of view. There were two stages in this study. The first stage was an exploratory research and sampled from the customers in the largest chain of hair beauty in Kouhsiung. Using critical incidence technique to collect and analyze the data, we found the entire satisfaction/dissatisfaction sources and compared the difference between technology infusion or not. The second stage was a conclusive research and sampled from the female students in the dormitory in National Sun Yet-san University. The findings from the first stage were proved by experimental design and ANOVA. There were five findings in this study. 1. The satisfaction/dissatisfaction factors were categoried to five sources. They were reliability (core servie, service performance resulting from technology infusion, and comprehensive performance), responsiveness (flexible service precess and dealing with the special conditions), Assurance (good communication and professional performance or courtesy of non-core service), Empathy (service manners and customerized service), and tangibles (environment and atmosphere, technology and equipments). 2. Technology infusion in service encounters could increase entire customer satisfaction and decrease entire customer dissatisfaction. 3. Besides technology itself could directly influence the customer satisfaction, the company could elevate the level of customer satisfacton by indirectly improving the interpersonal interatction in service encounters. 4. The perceived reliability influenced the intention of using new technology, the company image of improving continuously and the morden image. Assurance influenced the intention of using new technology, the company image of concerning about customer and recommendation intention. 5. The higher the assurance was, the higher satisfaction of technology infusion in service encounters could be.

Background: Nurses can meet women who have been victims of abuse anywhere in the healthcare. Healthcare providers have a responsibility to these women, and it requires a broad range of skills to identify the women and thus be able to help them. It is important to see all patients as unique individuals and provide good care to maintain their specific needs. This paper was done to increase the understanding of nurses' experiences in the encounter with the battered woman. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate how nurses experience the encounter with the battered woman. Method: Literature review with both qualitative and quantitative studies. Nine articles were chosen to be read, reviewed and analyzed. Results: Three themes and ten subthemes appeared. The nurse’s experience of the encounter with battered woman resulted in the following themes, the nurse's feelings in the encounter, the nurse's experience of the abused woman and the nurse's experience of their own profession. Conclusion: The results show that the encounter is a lack of knowledge within the studied subject. It appears that nurses' experiences in meeting with the battered woman are influenced by both personal and professional experience, knowledge and training, and an empathetic understanding of her

Gender encounter during interactive market is indeed a dynamic aspect of a marketing that affects its’ outcome which is to seal sales. The dynamic implication gender encounter has brought about the researching of both same gender and cross gender encounter in this paper. The division and independent investigate of same gender and cross gender encounter had given a clear motive on the gender preference among male and female students towards same/cross gender encounter. In actualizing this purpose, quantitative approach was use while the realist is the explanatory grid which constructed arguments in a deductive manner. In fulfilling the quantitative approach criterion, an online survey was carried out among students at Mälardalen University. Online questionnaire were distributed through a convenient sampling method and 389 valid responses were analyzed. The results shows majority of students prefers same gender encounter to cross gender. Therefore for an interactive marketing section to be successful as regards to gender differences, same gender encounter should be considered.

Överkonsumtion av alkohol har blivit ett stort hälsoproblem i samhället. En ökande acceptans bland folket har lett till ett missbruk i många fall. Det återstår fortfarande mycket att diskutera angående detta hälsoproblem, inte minst bland vårdpersonalen. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors möte med personer med ett alkoholmissbruk. Den metod som användes var litteraturöversikt enligt Fribergs beskrivning. Artiklarna som användes var både kvantitativa och kvalitativa. Resultaten visade tre områden; sjuksköterskans attityd gentemot alkohol och alkoholmissbruk, sjuksköterskans kunskap om alkoholmissbruk samt sjuksköterskans rädsla för patientens reaktioner. Alla dessa tre områden påverkar sjuksköterskors möte med personer med alkoholmissbruk. / Overconsumption of alcohol has become a major health issue in society. A growing acceptance among people has led to a misuse of alcohol in many cases. It still remains a lot to discuss about this health issue, not least among health workers. The subject of this literature review was to examine factors that affect nurses encounters with people who abuse alcohol. The method used was a literature review according to Friberg. The articles that were used were both quantitative and qualitative. The results showed three subjects; nurses’ attitude towards alcohol and alcohol abuse, nurses’ knowledge about alcohol abuse and nurses’ fear of patients reactions. All these three subjects affect nurses’ meetings with people who abuse alcohol.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur ungdomar med självskadebeteende upplever bemötandet från vårdpersonalen. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där sju kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar samt en kvantitativ vetenskaplig artikel användes. Datainsamlingen gjordes i databaserna PubMed, Psyc INFO och CINAHL Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie visade på att de flesta av ungdomarna med självskadebeteende inte sökte vård då de antingen var rädda för att förvärra sina problem eller för att de inte visste vart de skulle vända sig. De valde att i första hand söka hjälp hos sina vänner. Resultatet visade på tre kategorier. Dessa var: rädsla för vården, negativa upplevelser av bemötandet och positiva upplevelser av bemötandet. I resultatet framkom att av de som sökte hjälp inom sjukvården kände sig många missnöjda. Dessa ungdomar upplevde att det största problemet under vårdtiden var negativa attityder och dåligt bemötande från personalen. De ungdomar som tagit överdoser var övervägande positiva till det bemötande och den vård de fått till skillnad från de som inte tagit överdoser. Slutsats: Studien visade att ungdomar inte söker hjälp av sjukvården för sitt självskadebeteende då de är rädda för att deras problem ska förvärras eller att de inte ska bli förstådda eller tagna på allvar. De som ändå söker hjälp upplever att de får en annan hjälp än den de önskar.

This study addresses how agrivisitors' social interactions affect satisfaction and, in turn, revisit intention. Adopting social exchange theory and resource theory, the study proposes that social interactions with service providers, local residents, companion visitors, and other customers influence satisfaction, which in turn affects revisit intentions. Revisit intentions, in particular, are considered as social intentions which are shared with other people who travel together. Furthermore, this study argues that the effect of social interactions on satisfaction is stronger for visitors who have greater environmental concerns than those who are less concerned. An onsite and online survey were conducted to examine the proposed model and test the hypotheses. Subjects (N= 400) were visitors who visited organic farms with their companions. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed model and hypothesized relationships among the constructs. The analyses were performed with Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS 7.0). One construct (i.e., social interaction with local residents) was removed due to its high nonresponse rate, so the two hypotheses associated with this construct were not tested. Other than that most hypotheses except one were supported or partially supported by the data and the proposed model also had an acceptable fit to the data. Results of the present study provide a direction for the development of a theoretical framework to understand revisit intentions by seeking to improve the social exchange relationships with visitors. In addition, practical implications are presented for organic farms involved in or considering tourism businesses.

Service encounter is the core of many service industries. Most researches on service encounter pay attentions to the interpersonal interaction in the past. But in recent years, because of the fast development of technology, especially on the use of information technology, it brings the new turning point in enterprises, and it changes the original interpersonal interaction. College education is a kind of high interpersonal interaction service industry. In recent years, web-based instruction became a trend in college education. Therefore, this study attempt to know the change of learning satisfaction after the technology infusion in service encounters from the student¡¦s point of view. Aimed at the student of traditional and web-based instruction respectively and used critical incidence technique (CIT) to collect and analyze the data, we found the satisfaction/ dissatisfaction sources and compared the difference between technology infusion or not. There were five findings in this study. 1. The satisfaction/dissatisfaction factors were categorized to seven sources. They were ¡§learning environment¡¨, ¡§web-based instruction system¡¨, ¡§instructor¡¨, ¡§ peer relationship¡¨, ¡§course¡¨, ¡§interaction¡¨, ¡§entire performance¡¨. 2. Before the technology infusion, ¡§instructor¡¨ is the critical factor to influence satisfaction with service encounter. The teaching attitude, teaching performance, profession and expression ability of instructors will influence learning satisfaction. 3. After the technology infusion, ¡§web-based instruction system¡¨ is the critical factor to influence satisfaction with service encounter. The design, stability, ease of use, speed of data transmission, flexibility of the web-based instruction system will influence learning satisfaction. 4. Whether the technology infusion or not, we found that the importance of ¡§interaction¡¨ did not decrease. 5. Whether the technology infusion or not, ¡§peer relationship¡¨ is the important source of learning satisfaction.