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Orientador: Vera Teresa Valdemarin / Banca: Rosa Fátima de Souza / Banca: Maria Teresa Santos Cunha / Resumo: A pesquisa pretendeu analisar como Manoel Bergstron Lourenço Filho se apropriou das concepções pedagógicas do Movimento da Escola Nova e como as prescreveu para o Guia do Mestre que acompanha a série de leitura graduada Pedrinho e serve para orientar a ação do professor em sala de aula. Para a consecução do objetivo realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico de compêndios teóricos e metodológicos elaborados por Lourenço Filho e de estudos já realizados sobre a obra do autor. Com base no material levantado escolheu-se como fonte documental principal para análise e interpretação duas obras do autor: Introdução ao Estudo da Escola Nova (1_ edição 1930) e dois volumes do Guia do Mestre (1_ edição 1953). Concluiu-se que Lourenço Filho expressa uma interpretação própria sobre esses princípios e sobre como prescrevê-los para o Guia do Mestre, pois apesar de utilizar-se nesse material de conceitos chaves da Escola Nova o faz mesclando-os as práticas já conhecidas pelo modelo tradicional de ensino / Abstract: The research sought to examine how Manoel Bergstrom Lourenço Filho appropriated the pedagogical assumptions of the Movement of the New School and as prescribed for the Guia do Mestre that accompanies the graduated reading series Pedrinho and serves to guide the action of the teacher in the classroom. To achieve the goal held bibliography of theoretical and methodological textbooks written by Lourenço Filho of studies already done on the author's work. Based on the collected material has been chosen as the main source to analysis and interpretation of the author two books: Introdução ao Estudo da Escola Nova (1 _ edition 1930) and two volumes of the Guia do Mestre (1 _ edition 1953). It was concluded that Lourenço Filho expresses own interpretation of those principles and how to prescribe them for the Guia do Mestre, because despite the use of this material are the key concepts of the New School makes merging the practices known by the model traditional teaching / Mestre

Com este trabalho pretende-se analisar as formas de intervenção da administração central e local no domínio da habitação social. Num primeiro momento, faz-se uma referência histórica às políticas definidas e implementadas para identificar as condições que propiciaram ou dificultaram a promoção de habitação para as classes de fracos recursos. Num segundo momento é abordado o papel dos municípios, como agentes de desenvolvimento, e da sua intervenção no campo habitacional, em função das competências que foram adquirindo após 25 de Abril de 1974. De seguida faz-se análise aos problemas associados aos processos de realojamento. Posteriormente procede-se a um levanatmento das características da evolução da população residente e dos alojamentos na Área Metropolitana do Porto. Por fim, analisa-se a intervenção municipal, em Vila Nova de Gaia, no âmbito da promoção habitacional assim como acções desenvolvidas a nível social e de equipamentos, aspectos essenciais para que o realojamento seja um meio para o desenvolvimento da integração social.

Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions occurring on the surface of white dwarfs. When co-existing in a binary system with a main sequence or more evolved star, mass accretion from the companion star to the white dwarf can take place if the companion overflows its Roche lobe. The envelope of hydrogen-rich matter which builds on top of the white dwarf eventually ignites under degenerate conditions, leading to a thermonuclear runaway and an explosion in the order of 1046 erg, while leaving the white dwarf intact. Spectral analyses from the debris indicate an abundance of isotopes that are tracers of nuclear burning via the hot CNO cycle, which in turn reveal some sort of mixing between the envelope and the white dwarf underneath. The exact mechanism is still a matter of debate. The convection and deflagration in novae develop in the low Mach number regime. We used the Seven League Hydro code (SLH ), which employs numerical schemes designed to correctly simulate low Mach number flows, to perform two and three- dimensional simulations of classical novae. Based on a spherically-symmetric model created with aid of a stellar evolution code, we developed our own nova model and tested it on a variety of numerical grids and boundary conditions for validation. We focused on the evolution of temperature, density and nuclear energy generation rate at the layers between white dwarf and envelope, where most of the energy is generated, to understand the structure of the transition region, and its effect on the nuclear burning. We analyzed the resulting dredge-up efficiency stemming from the convective motions in the envelope. Our models yield similar results to the literature, but seem to depend very strongly on the numerical resolution. We followed the evolution of the nuclear species involved in the CNO cycle and concluded that the thermonuclear reactions primarily taking place are those of the cold and not the hot CNO cycle. The reason behind this could be that under the conditions generally assumed for multi-dimensional simulations, the envelope is in fact not degenerate. We performed initial tests for 3D simulations and realized that alternative boundary conditions are needed. / Klassische Novae sind thermonukleare Explosionen an der Oberfläche von Weißen Zwergen. Wenn ein solcher sich in einem Doppelsternsystem zusammen mit einem Hauptreihenstern oder einem späteren Stern befindet, kann Akkretion vom Begleiter zum Weißen Zwerg stattfinden, falls der Begleitstern seine Roche-Grenze überschre- itet. Die wasserstoffreiche Hülle, die sich auf der Oberfläche des Sterns bildet, zündet aufgrund des enormen Gravitationsdrucks in einer Deflagration. Aufgrund der Entar- tung des Gases führt das nukleare Brennen zu einem thermonuklearen Durchgehen (engl. runaway)und schließlich zu einer Explosion mit Energien in der Größenord- nung von 1046 erg. Der Weiße Zwerg bleibt dabei unberührt. Spektralanalysen der ausgestoßenen Gase deuten auf Isotope hin, die am heißen CNO-Zyklus beteiligt sind. Dies legt nahe, dass vor oder während der Brennphase eine Durchmischung von Materie zwischen der akkretierten Hülle und dem Weißen Zwerg stattfinden muss. Die Konvektion und Deflagration entwickeln sich im Strömungsbereich kleiner Machzahlen. Wir benutzten den Seven League Hydro code (SLH ), welcher ëber numerische Verfahren verfügt, die auf einen weiten Bereich von Machzahlen anwend- bar sind. Daraus errechneten wir Simulationen von Klassischen Novae in zwei und drei Dimensionen. Basierend auf einem sphärisch-symmetrischen Modell, das wir mit einem Sternentwicklungscode erstellten, entwickelten wir ein eigenes Nova-Modell. Wir testeten dies in Kombination mit eienr Reihe von Gittern und Randbedingun- gen. Anschließend analysierten wir im Detail das Verhalten von Temperatur, Dichte und nuklearer Energieerzeugungsrate in den Schichten zwischen Weißem Zwerg und Wasserstoffhülle, wo die Kernfusion hauptsächlich stattfindet, um die Struktur der Brennzone und deren Einfluss auf die Nukleosynthese zu verstehen. Wir analysierten die Effizienz der Konvektion, welche Elemente aus dem Weißen Zwerg nach oben in die Hülle transportiert. Die Ergebnisse entsprechen denen der Literatur, dennoch hängen sie stark von der numerischen Auflösung ab. Wir untersuchten die Isotopen- häufigkeit der im CNO-Zyklus beteiligten Elemente, und schloßen hieraus, dass das Brennen durch den weniger energetischen “kalten” CNO-Zyklus verläuft. Dies kann darauf zurückgeführt werden, dass unter den Bedingungen, die die Mehrzahl der multi- dimensionalen Modelle aus der Fachliteratur mit sich bringen, die Wasserstoffhülle tatsächlich nicht entartet ist. Abschließend simulierten wir testweise 3D-Modelle, aber neue Randbedingungen sind nötig, um mit den Berechnungen fortfahren zu können.

Thesis--Freiburg im Breisgau. / Includes bibliographical references (p. iii-v).

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The Canadian province of Nova Scotia has an abundance of lakes impacted by multiple stressors, including acidification, lakewater calcium (Ca) decline, climate change, and fish introductions. In spite of this, little is known about long-term trends in aquatic biota, especially microfaunal communities that are useful indicators of lake trophy. This thesis helps address this knowledge gap by providing information on the ecological distribution and long-term dynamics of Cladocera in softwater lakes in Nova Scotia using their subfossil remains preserved in lake sediments. Based on a surface sediment survey of 49 lakes, Cladocera in Nova Scotia are mainly structured along gradients of maximum lake depth and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Daphnia (generally considered sensitive to low pH and [Ca]) were common in the Cape Breton Highlands National Park, but were rare in southwestern Nova Scotia in both modern and pre-industrial sediments, although some lakes exhibited declines in Daphnia since pre-industrial times. The most notable example of this is Lake George (Kings County), where a striking decline in Daphnia, likely a result of declining [Ca], resulted in a marked increase in estimates of past algal production. In Kejimkujik National Park, which has experienced declines in pH and [Ca] since pre-industrial times, significant reductions in chydorid relative abundances were observed, as well as significant increases in the jelly-clad planktonic cladoceran species Holopedium. Cladoceran assemblages in lakes near Yarmouth have also changed significantly since pre-industrial times, but showed no consistent regional trends in the direction of cladoceran species shifts, reflecting the influence of local anthropogenic stressors. An extreme example of this is Trefry Lake, which was treated with copper sulphate in 1938 to remove the native fish community and provide better stocking conditions for brook trout. Copper sulphate treatment resulted in significant and permanent changes to the aquatic food web inferred from a strong decline in the body size of Bosmina. Collectively, these results suggest that many aquatic ecosystems in Nova Scotia are in a state of flux as a result of multiple anthropogenic stressors, and Cladocera subfossils can be effective for inferring the food web implications of these stressors. / Thesis (Ph.D, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2012-08-14 09:39:27.617

The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic feasibility of alternative crop rotations and to determine the economic implications of including forages and livestock during the transition to organic agriculture in Nova Scotia. The rotation systems were distinguished by: (i) frequency of forage in the rotation, (ii) source of nutrient supply, and (iii) type of farming operation. The economic analysis was divided in two parts. The first part analysed data from a four-year crop rotation experiment, using enterprise budgeting and statistical methods to compare differences among rotations under different treatments. The second part involved the development of a multi-period linear programming (LP) model to simulate a commercial operation. / The results from the statistical analysis suggest that crop enterprise net returns tended to be higher in forage-based rotations and in the livestock systems compared to cash crop rotations and the stockless system. Results from the LP model suggest that including forages and beef cattle during the transition to organic agriculture can provide considerable economic benefits, especially when crops were grown under ruminant compost.