This thesis concerns the development of parallel algorithms to solve fractional differential equations using a numerical approach. The methodology adopted is to adapt existing numerical schemes and to develop prototype parallel programs using the MatLab Parallel Computing Toolbox (MPCT). The approach is to build on existing insights from parallel implementation of ordinary differential equations methods and to test a range of potential candidates for parallel implementation in the fractional case. As a consequence of the work, new insights on the use of MPCT for prototyping are presented, alongside conclusions and algorithms for the effective implementation of parallel methods for the fractional calculus. The principal parallel approaches considered in the work include: - A Runge-Kutta Method for Ordinary Differential Equations including the application of an adapted Richardson Extrapolation Scheme - An implementation of the Diethelm-Chern Algorithm for Fractional Differential Equations - A parallel version of the well-established Fractional Adams Method for Fractional Differential Equations - The adaptation for parallel implementation of Lubich's Fractional Multistep Method for Fractional Differential Equations An important aspect of the work is an improved understanding of the comparative diffi culty of using MPCT for obtaining fair comparisons of parallel implementation. We present details of experimental results which are not satisfactory, and we explain how the problems may be overcome to give meaningful experimental results. Therefore, an important aspect of the conclusions of this work is the advice for other users of MPCT who may be planning to use the package as a prototyping tool for parallel algorithm development: by understanding how implicit multithreading operates, controls can be put in place to allow like-for-like performance comparisons between sequential and parallel programs.

<p> In analyzing the processes involved in neutron radiography, there is a need for a well-defined mathematical structure which can simultaneously be used in practical situations without great difficulty. In this report, the edge-spread function method of analysis is considered in some detail. The basic theory is developed, and both the general and the specific viewpoint are considered, in terms of the mathematical functions used. The usefulness of ESF theory in predicting optical density patterns is illustrated. Specific applications of the theory are developed; in particular, studies of image resolution and unsharpness are undertaken. </p> <p> To determine whether or not ESF methods are a good representation of the physical situation, some alternate methods which consider radiography from a more basic viewpoint are developed. The first of these is a strictly numerical approach, where experimental data is examined without specifying a model for the image formation process; a matrix formulation suitable for characterizing an image is developed. </p> <p> The second alternate method involves the use of Monte Carlo methods; this allows the incorporation of more realistic parameters into the analysis. For example, screen-film separation and object scattering of neutrons, and their effects on the image, are evaluated. Finally, a two-dimensional analysis of a simple problem is considered, with the end result being a confirmation of the usefulness of ESF theory. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Dans les grands systèmes de réfrigération, l’utilisation de réfrigérants comme lubrifiants, à la place des huiles, simplifie la conception du système, l’allège et réduit son impact environnemental. La très faible viscosité du réfrigérant conduit à une épaisseur de film séparant les deux surfaces comparable à leur rugosité. Néanmoins, des travaux expérimentaux avec le réfrigérant R1233zd suggèrent que la lubrification est possible dans ces conditions grâce à la formation d’une couche adsorbée sur la surface d’oxyde de fer. Les analyses expérimentales in situ dans le contact sont très difficiles à cause des conditions de fort confinement et haute pression. C’est pourquoi une approche numérique multi-échelles est développée, afin d’étudier l’impact des réactions physico-chimiques à l’interface réfrigérant-surface sur les propriétés de lubrification. La théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité est utilisée pour quantifier au niveau quantique, l’adsorption d’une molécule de réfrigérant sur une surface d’oxyde de fer. Des énergies de liaison allant de -0.92 eV à -0.22 eV sont observées et reliées à différents cas d’adsorption. Ces résultats sont exploités pour paramétrer un champ de forces interfacial, qui prédit des structures moléculaires à l’interface, différentes de celles obtenues avec des potentiels basés sur les règles de mélange classiques. Des simulations de dynamique moléculaire utilisant ce champ de forces paramétré confirment l’existence d’une couche fortement adsorbée de R1233zd sur une surface d’oxyde de fer. Avec des surfaces atomiques lisses et seulement 2 nm d’épaisseur de film de réfrigérant, les couches adsorbées résistent à des pressions allant jusqu’à 4 GPa et des vitesses de cisaillement atteignant 100 m/s. Une valeur minimale de 5 molécules de réfrigérant par nm² est nécessaire à la formation de deux couches adsorbées à 0.5 GPa. De plus, des simulations en cisaillement avec une surface rugueuse prédisent une rupture totale du film à environ 13 GPa. / In large refrigeration systems, using the refrigerant as lubricant instead of oil can help to simplify the design, lighten the systems, and reduce their environmental impact. However, the very low viscosity of refrigerants leads to ultra-thin films separating the surfaces, with a thickness comparable to surface roughness. Nevertheless, experiments with the R1233zd refrigerant suggests that lubrication is still possible in that situation thanks to an adsorbed layer formed on iron oxide surfaces. Experimental in situ analysis area is very difficult because of high confinement and high pressure. That is why a multiscale numerical approach is developed here, to explore the impact of chemical reactions and physical processes at the refrigerant-surface interface on large-scale lubrication properties. Density functional theory is used to quantify the adsorption of a refrigerant molecule on an iron oxide surface at the quantum level. Binding energies ranging from -0.92 eV to -0.22 eV are measured and related to different adsorption cases. These results are then used to parametrize an interfacial force field, whose predictions of interfacial molecular structure differs from those obtained using potentials based on standard mixing rules. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations involving this parametrized force field confirm the existence of a strongly adsorbed layer of R1233zd molecules on iron oxide surface. With atomically smooth surfaces, and a refrigerant film thickness as small as 2 nm, the adsorbed refrigerant layers resists pressures as high as 4 GPa and sliding velocities as high as 100 m/s. A minimum value of 5 refrigerant molecules per nm² is necessary to the formation of two adsorbed layers at 0.5 GPa. Moreover, sliding simulations with a rough surface reveal total film breakdown for ca. 13 GPa.

Rock slope stability is considered as one of the most important fields in rock engineering. Developments of computation facilities and increase in application of sophisticated mathematical concepts in engineering problems have also affected the methods of slope stability analysis. In recent years, the numerical modeling methods have extensively applied instead of limit equilibrium methods. Also, the probabilistic methods are considered in rock slope designs to quantify the uncertainties of input effecting variables. In this research, a probabilistic-numerical approach was developed by integration of three dimensional Distinct Element Method (DEM) and probabilistic approach to analyze the stability of discontinuous rock slopes. Barton models have been used to model the behavior of rock discontinuities and the shear strain was considered as failure indicator of discontinuities. The proposed methodology was applied to a rock slope in Amasya, Turkey where the Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) was considered as the main random variable. The effect of basic friction angle and cohesion of joints infilling material and its strength reduction due to weathering were included in the analysis. In the slope the shearing behavior of fourteen discontinuities and the failure probability of each block were investigated, and the corresponding Reliability Index (&beta / ) was derived for each of the discontinuities.

In the present thesis a novel numerical approach for the optimization of composite structures fabricated from woven composite materials is developed. The aim is to increase the ultimate strength of the structure while at the same time decreasing its weight. The numerical approach is based on a combination of the numerical algorithm of progressive damage modelling (PDM), along with shape optimization (SO) in an iterative subroutine. PDM, which is comprised of three steps, namely stress analysis, failure analysis and material property degradation, is used to predict the initiation and propagation of failure in the structure. During the phase of SO certain geometrical parameters are varied within limits in order to minimize the stresses that lead the structure to ultimate failure as indicated by PDM results. Finally the resulting geometry is solved with PDM to ensure the enhancement in the ultimate strength and the decrease in ultimate weight. Within the frame of this approach, a new methodology for the numerical modeling and the simulation of mechanical behavior of woven composite materials is proposed. The highly inhomogeneous nature of woven composite materials in the micro-scale is taken under consideration to create accurate representative volume element (RVE) FE models which represent the actual material. Then PDM is used for the simulation of their mechanical response. The calculated properties, in terms of stiffnesses and strengths, are then inserted as inputs in the global FE model of the composite structure. Additionally, the reliability and applicability of a continuum damage model (CDM), in comparison with cohesive zone model (CZM), are assessed in order to use the CDM for the modeling of the adhesive’s mechanical behavior. The mentioned numerical approach is applied in an H-shaped joining element fabricated from two different woven composite materials for the loading case of tension. In the first case NCF composite is used while in the second case the joint is made of 3D fully interlaced weave (FIW) composite. The purpose of the H-shaped element is the joining of two composite plates via the method of adhesive bonding. / Στην παρούσα διατριβή αναπτύχθηκε μια νέα μέθοδος αριθμητικής βελτιστοποίησης δομικών στοιχείων από σύνθετα υλικά με σκοπό την αύξηση της αντοχής τους. Η μέθοδος βασίζεται σε έναν αριθμητικό αλγόριθμο Προοδευτικής Εξέλιξης της Βλάβης (ΠΕΒ) και τη Βελτιστοποίηση Σχήματος (ΒΣ) τα οποία συνδυάζονται σε μια επαναληπτική υπό-ρουτίνα. Στην ΠΕΒ περιλαμβάνονται τα βήματα της ανάλυσης τάσεων, ανάλυσης αστοχίας και υποβάθμιση των ιδιοτήτων των στοιχείων. Η χρησιμότητα της έγκειται στην πρόβλεψη της έναρξης και εξέλιξης της αστοχίας στο δομικό στοιχείο κάτι απαραίτητο για την κατανόηση της μηχανικής συμπεριφοράς. Η ΒΣ έχει ως σκοπό την μεταβολή συγκεκριμένων γεωμετρικών παραμέτρων για να επιτευχθεί ελαχιστοποίηση των κρίσιμών τάσεων που προκύπτουν από τα αποτελέσματα της ΠΕΒ και οδηγούν στην αστοχία του στοιχείου. Παράλληλα, για την μοντελοποίηση και τον υπολογισμό των μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων πρωτότυπων πλεγμένων σύνθετων υλικών προτείνεται καινούργια μια μεθοδολογία η οποία λαμβάνει υπ’ όψιν την υψηλή ανομοιογένεια των υλικών στην μικρό-κλίμακα για να υπολογίσει τις ιδιότητες τους. Η μεθοδολογία εφαρμόστηκε σε ένα νέο συνδετικό στοιχείο σχήματος H κατασκευασμένο από δύο διαφορετικά πλεγμένα σύνθετα υλικά, τα μη πτυχωτά και τα τρισδιάστατα πλεγμένα σύνθετα υλικά, για την περίπτωση του εφελκυσμού. Σκοπός του συνδέσμου είναι η ένωση δύο πλακών από σύνθετα υλικά χρησιμοποιώντας κόλλα. Αρχικά το μοντέλο πεπερασμένων στοιχείων του συνδέσμου δημιουργείται και επιλύεται με την μέθοδο ΠΕΒ. Για την προσομοίωση της μη-γραμμικής συμπεριφοράς της κόλλας αναπτύσσεται ένα δι-γραμμικό μοντέλο. Για την προσομοίωση της πλήρης μηχανικής συμπεριφοράς των μη πτυχωτών και τρισδιάστατα πλεγμένων συνθέτων υλικών, αναπτύσσεται μια διαδικασία η οποία περιλαμβάνει τα βήματα της γεωμετρικής μοντελοποίησης, της κατασκευής του μοντέλου πεπερασμένων στοιχειών και την επίλυση αυτού με την μέθοδο ΠΕΒ. Τα αποτελέσματα, σε όρους διαγραμμάτων τάσεων-παραμορφώσεων, χρησιμοποιούνται ως δεδομένα στο μοντέλο πεπερασμένων στοιχείων του συνδέσμου το οποίο επιλύεται και υπολογίζεται το διάγραμμα δύναμης-μετατόπισης. Στην συνέχεια, λαμβάνει μέρος η γεωμετρική βελτιστοποίηση βασιζόμενη στα αποτελέσματα της επίλυσης της αρχικής γεωμετρίας. Σε αυτό το σημείο επιλέγεται η μεταβλητή προς ελαχιστοποίηση στην διαδικασία της βελτιστοποίησης. Το μέγεθος αυτό ονομάζεται Συνάρτηση Σκοπού (ΣΣ) και ορίζεται ως ο συντελεστή βλάβης που ευθύνεται για την τελική αστοχία του δομικού στοιχείου. Ως ένα επιπλέον κριτήριο για την επιλογή της βέλτιστης γεωμετρίας επιλέγεται η μείωση βάρους δεδομένου ότι πρόκειται για αεροπορική κατασκευή. Η γεωμετρία που ελαχιστοποιεί την συνάρτηση σκοπού και ταυτόχρονα είναι ελαφρύτερη από την αρχική, επιλέγεται ως η τελική γεωμετρία. Τέλος, γίνεται η επιτυχής επικύρωση της βελτιστοποίησης με την σύγκριση των αριθμητικών αποτελεσμάτων μεταξύ της αρχικής και τελικής γεωμετρίας. Η μεθοδολογία της ΠΕΒ εφαρμόζεται στην τελική γεωμετρία και τα διαγράμματα δύναμης μετατόπισης συγκρίνονται για να διαπιστωθεί η αύξηση στο μέγιστο φορτίο που μπορεί να φέρει το συνδετικό στοιχείο πριν την τελική αστοχία.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 6372308 bytes, checksum: db3e915edd1663a97d16d8935fc5becf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study numerically the generation and dynamics of topological defects in nematic liquid crystals. Our study is based on a Ginzburg-Landau model describing the evolution of the orientational order of a liquid crystal in terms of a symmetric, traceless, second-rank tensor. This phenomenological model allows studies of nematic phases at scales ranging from few nanometers to few micrometers (mesoscopic scale). Within this framework we developed a software named LICRA (Liquid CRystal Algorithm) that combines standard finite difference algorithm for the spatial derivatives with a Runge-Kutta temporal integration to solve the relaxational equations of nematodynamics without thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamic flow. Using this software we investigate the coarsening dynamics of defects of two- and three-dimensional uniaxial nematic liquid crystals. The time dependences of the structure factor and characteristic length scale were computed. The characteristic length scale is expected to grow as a power law in time, L ∝ tα. From dimensional analysis α = 1/2 and we found α = 0, 45±0, 01 in two-dimensions and α = 0, 350±0, 003 in three-dimensions. Furthermore, in all cases Porod s law is satisfied for large values of wave number k. We also investigate, using LICRA, the coarsening dynamics of liquid crystal textures in a two-dimensional nematic under applied electric fields. We consider both positive and negative dielectric anisotropies and two different possibilities for the orientation of the electric field parallel and perpendicular to the two-dimensional lattice. We determine the effect of an applied electric field pulse on the evolution of the characteristic length scale and other properties of the liquid crystal texture network. In particular, we show that different types of defects are produced after the electric field is switched on, depending on the orientation of the electric field and the sign of the dielectric anisotropy. Finally, we present the effect of the rotation of an external electric field on the dynamics of half-integer disclination networks in two and three dimensional nematic liquid crystals with a negative dielectric anisotropy. We show that a rotation of π of the electric field around an axis of the liquid crystal plane continuously transforms all half-integer disclinations of the network into disclinations of opposite sign via twist disclinations. We also determine the evolution of the characteristic length scale, thus quantifying the impact of the external electric field on the coarsening of the defect network. / Neste trabalho estudamos numericamente a formação e dinâmica de defeitos topológicos em cristais líquidos nemáticos. Nosso estudo é baseado no modelo de Ginzburg- Landau, o qual descreve a evolução da ordem orientacional de um cristal líquido em termos de um tensor de segunda ordem simétrico e com traço nulo. Este modelo fenomenológico permite estudar a fase nemática em escalas que vão de poucos nanômetros até poucos micrômetros (escala mesoscópica). Para tal estudo numérico, desenvolvemos um programa de computador que denominamos de LICRA (Liquid CRystal Algotithm). Este programa combina o algoritmo de diferença finita para calcular derivadas espaciais com a integração temporal de Runge-Kutta para resolver a equação de relaxação da nematodinâmica, sem a presença de flutuações térmicas e fluxos hidrodinâmicos. Usando este programa de computador investigamos a dinâmica de coalescência em duas e três dimensões em um cristal líquido nemático uniaxial. Tanto o fator de estrutura quando a escala de comprimento característico foram calculadas no tempo. Espera-se que esta escala cresça como uma lei de potências do tempo, L ∝ tα, onde, a partir de uma análise dimensional, α = 1/2. Encontramos os valores de α = 0, 45 ± 0, 01 em duas dimensões e α = 0, 350 ± 0, 003 em três dimensões. Além disso, em todos os casos verificamos que a lei de Porod é satisfeita para número de ondas k de grandes valores. Utilizando LICRA, investigamos também a dinâmica de coalescência de cristais líquidos nemáticos em duas dimensões submetidos a um campo elétrico externo. Consideramos a anisotropia dielétrica positiva e negativa e duas diferentes possibilidades de orientação do campo elétrico: paralelo e perpendicular ao plano da rede bidimensional. Determinamos os efeitos de um pulso de campo elétrico na evolução da escala do comprimento característico e as alterações nas texturas dos cristais líquidos. Em particular, mostramos que os diferentes tipos de defeitos que são produzidos após o campo elétrico ser aplicado dependem da orientação do campo elétrico e do sinal da anisotropia dielétrica. Finalmente, apresentamos os efeitos da rotação de um campo elétrico externo na dinâmica de uma rede de defeitos semi-inteiros em cristais líquidos nemáticos em duas e três dimensões com anisotropia dielétrica negativa. Mostramos que, girando o campo elétrico por um ângulo π ao redor de um eixo pertencente a plano da rede, ocorre uma transformação contínua de todas as desclinações semi-inteiras da rede em desclinações com sinal oposto. Esta transformação é intermediada por desclinações do tipo torção. Além disso, determinamos a evolução da escala de comprimento característico quantificando o impacto do campo elétrico externo na dinâmica de coalescimento da rede.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / One of the devices most important in mesoscopic physics is the quantum dot. This device consists of a cavity of submicrometrics dimensions formed in the interface plane of a electron gas two-dimensional (2DEG) in a semiconductor heterostructure, wherein is possible to study the properties of electronic transport coupling to the two reservoirs and establishing an electric current in the system. In this dissertation we studied the quantum theory of circuits by means of numerical methods with the goal to calculate the observables of transport, such as the conductance and the shot-noise power in a single quantum dot and in two quantum dots coupled in series. In a quantum dot was implemented the numerical method of bisection in Fortran to find the pseudocurrent and, through this, to calculate the conductance and the shotnoise power in a symmetric quantum dot and also in a assymmetric quantum dot. In the case of a symmetric dot were compared the numerical results obtained by bisection method with the analytical results found in the literature and was shown that there is a perfect agreement. We also implemented Newton’s method for two quantum dots associated in series and we calculate the conductance and the shot-noise power. The numerical results obtained by the Newton’s method, for two symmetric quantum dots in series, were also compared with the analytical results founds in the literature and showed excellent agreement. / Um dos dispositivos mais importantes em física mesoscópica é o ponto quântico. Este dispositivo consiste de uma cavidade de dimensões submicrométricas formada no plano da interface de um gás de elétrons bidimensional (2DEG) em heteroestruturas semicondutoras, em que é possível estudar as propriedades de transporte eletrônico acoplando o ponto quântico a dois reservatórios e estabelecendo-se uma corrente elétrica no sistema. Nesta dissertação estudamos a teoria quântica de circuitos por meio de métodos numéricos com o objetivo de calcular os observáveis de transporte, como a condutância e a potência do ruído de disparo, em um único ponto quântico e em dois pontos quânticos acoplados em série. Em um ponto quântico foi implementado o método numérico da bisseção em Fortran para encontrar a pseudocorrente e, através desta, calcular a condutância e a potência do ruído de disparo em um ponto quântico simétrico e também em um ponto quântico assimétrico. No caso de um ponto simétrico foram comparados os resultados numéricos, obtidos pelo método da bisseção, com os resultados analíticos encontrados na literatura e foi mostrado que há uma perfeita concordância. Também implementamos o método de Newton para dois pontos quânticos associados em série e calculamos a condutância e a potência do ruído de disparo. Os resultados numéricos obtidos pelo método de Newton para dois pontos quânticos simétricos em série também foram comparados com os resultados analíticos encontrados na literatura e mostraram ótima concordância.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de la durabilité des structures en acier au carbone envisagées pour le stockage des déchets radioactifs à haute activité et à vie longue. Ce travail porte plus particulièrement sur la simulation numérique de la corrosion généralisée (et de son évolution), principale forme de corrosion susceptible d’affecter ces aciers en phase aqueuse et en condition désaérée.Le processus de corrosion des aciers au carbone est grandement influencé par la formation de couches de produits de corrosion (CPC) dont le rôle sur l’évolution de la vitesse de corrosion a été mis en évidence dans de nombreuses études. Le caractère plus ou moins protecteur d’une CPC dépend de plusieurs paramètres physiques (porosité, épaisseur et propriétés électriques de CPC) et chimiques (pH, PCO2, formations de complexes,…). Le principal objectif de ce travail de thèse est l’étude du rôle d’une CPC de sidérite sur la vitesse de corrosion des aciers au carbone en condition désaérée. Le régime de corrosion est ainsi simulé sur la base de modèles mécanistes en faisant appel à une résolution par la méthode des éléments finis de l’équation de transport réactif en milieu poreux et en potentiel libre.Dans un premier temps, l’étude de la stabilité d’une CPC par expérience numérique est présentée et constitue une étape importante dans la mesure où elle permet de sélectionner les paramètres influençant cette stabilité et par conséquent le processus de corrosion. Cette expérience numérique confirme des résultats expérimentaux obtenus sur des coupons dans un environnement représentatif des conditions de stockage mais sur des durées beaucoup plus courtes (de l’ordre de quelques années). Ces calculs montrent qu’en fonction des conditions chimiques (pH, complexants,…), morphologiques (épaisseur, distribution de porosité dans la CPC, …) et des propriétés électriques de la couche, on obtient soit un dépôt stable pouvant potentiellement entraîner une diminution de la vitesse de corrosion, ou soit un dépôt instable mettant à nu la surface du métal et qui se traduit par une vitesse de corrosion élevée.De manière complémentaire, le transitoire de croissance d’une CPC est également étudié en prenant en compte numériquement le déplacement de l’interface métal – CPC correspondant à la création de vide par la dissolution du métal. Deux approches, la première dite « implicite » et la seconde dite « explicite », de mouvement de cette interface sont présentées. Tous ces modèles numériques sont comparés à différents retours d’expérience. A cet égard, une loi de précipitation de la sidérite, discutée et confrontée aux différentes lois de la littérature, est proposée. Les résultats de simulation d’un transitoire de croissance d’une CPC conductrice sont conformes à certains retours d’expériences, montrant d’abord une phase active de corrosion suivie d’une phase pseudo-passive où la vitesse de corrosion est ralentie par le recouvrement de la surface métallique par la CPC. / This thesis is related to the issue of the sustainability of carbon steel structures intended for the storage of high-level long-lived radioactive waste. This work focuses on the numerical simulation of the uniform corrosion (and on its evolution), representing the main form of corrosion likely to affect these steel components in aqueous and deaerated conditions.The corrosion process of carbon steels is greatly influenced by the formation of corrosion product layers (CPL) whose role on the evolution of the corrosion rate has been demonstrated in numerous studies. The more or less protective nature of a CPL depends on several physical (porosity, thickness and electrical properties of CPL) and chemical parameters (pH, PCO2, complex formations, ...). The main objective of this thesis is the study of the role of a siderite CPL on the corrosion rate of carbon steels in deaerated conditions. The corrosion regime is simulated on the basis of mechanistic models using a finite element method to resolve the reactive transport equation in porous media and in free potential conditions.Firstly, the stability of a CPL is studied by numerical experiment and constitutes an important step that permits to select the key parameters influencing this stability and consequently the corrosion process. This numerical experiment confirms experimental results obtained on coupons in an environment representative of the storage conditions but on much shorter durations (few years). These calculations show that depending on the chemical conditions (pH, complexing medium, ...), morphological (thickness, distribution of porosity in the CPC, ...) and the electrical properties of the layer, we obtain either a stable deposit that could potentially lead to a decrease of the corrosion rate, or an unstable deposit exposing the metal surface and resulting in a high corrosion rate.In a second time, the transient step i.e. the formation and growth process of a CPL, is also studied numerically considering the displacement of the metal-CPC interface corresponding to the creation of voids caused by the dissolution of the metal. Two approaches, the first one called "implicit" and the second "explicit", of the movement of this interface are presented. All these numerical models are compared with different experimental feedbacks. Thus, a kinetics law of precipitation of siderite, discussed and compared with different laws proposed in the literature, is implemented in these models. The results obtained by simulating the growth of a conductive CPL are consistent with some experimental feedbacks, showing firstly a period of active corrosion followed by a pseudo-passive period during which the corrosion rate is significantly decreased resulting from the coverage of the metal surface by the CPL.