Overweight and obesity in children is an extensive and accelerating problem in the western world. The risk factors for overweight are well- known and well-documented. Focus should lie in the prophylactic work in order to prevent overweight and obesity in preschool children. The aim of our study has been to highlight the role of the district nurse in her/his work to prevent overweight and obesity in preschool children. The study was carried out through studies as a literature review. In order to support the parents and taking their circumstances and conditions into consideration, it was considered very important that the district nurse paid attention to the view of the parents on the weight of their child. Parents were considered to have an important role in giving their children healthy eating habits. The attitude of the district nurse was relevant as to how she/he treated the overweight and how she/he tackled the preventive work. Professional practice and training within the field were important factors in making the district nurse succeed in her/his work to prevent overweight and obesity in children. Lack of time and lack of parental commitment and attitude were the main reasons for limiting the district nurse in her work to prevent overweight and obesity in children. Personnel within the primary care should supervise and coordinate health promoting measures in order to prevent overweight and obesity in children. The district nurse plays a unique part in influencing the parents very early on in their children’s life by arranging regular and repeated visits to the child welfare center. The basis for a successful work by the district nurse is training and the fact that she is made aware of her own attitudes towards overweight. More research is imperative to support and develop guidelines for preventing overweight and obesity in children.

Bakgrund: Dödshjälp eller eutanasi innebär att åtgärder vidtas för att skapa en så lätt ochfridfull död som möjligt. Nederländerna, Luxemburg och vissa stater i USA har en lag somtillåter dödshjälp, dock är dödshjälp fortfarande olagligt i de flesta delarna av världen. Antaletstudier kring sjuksköterskors attityder kring dödshjälp är få. Den tidigare forskning som finnspåvisar att attityderna kring dödshjälp är mycket delade. Olika studier visa mycket olikaresultat beroende på vart studien görs och vilka sjuksköterskor som deltar.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa bakomliggande faktorer kringsjuksköterskors attityder till dödshjälp.Metod: En litteraturöversikt har använts i denna studie utifrån Friberg (2008) föreskrifter. 13artiklar har använts som särskilts i en del med artiklar av kvalitativ art och en med kvantitativart. Sökord som har använts är sjuksköterska, dödshjälp och attityder vilka sökts i databasenCINAHL.Resultat: I resultatet framkommer det att den viktigaste och mest betydelsefulla faktorn till attsjuksköterskor har en positiv eller negativ attityd till dödshjälp är religion. De sjuksköterskorsom var troende hade en mer negativ attityd medan agnostiker eller ateister var mer positiva.Ett outhärdligt lidande, stor smärta och det faktum att mediciner ej längre lindrar patientenstillstånd kunde ses som en annan viktig faktor till varför sjuksköterskor hade en positiv attitydtill dödshjälp. En annan faktor till en negativ attityd var maktmissbruk. Studien påvisar att desjuksköterskor som arbetade inom intensiv/akut vård har en mer positiv attityd än desjuksköterskor som arbetade inom palliativ vård. / Background: Euthanasia means different methods that are used to create an easy andpeaceful death. The Netherlands, Luxembourg and certain States in USA have a law thatpermits euthanasia. Euthanasia is still illegal in the most countries in the world and there arefew studies done around nurses' attitudes around this. Previous research demonstrates that theattitudes around death help are divided. Different studies show very various result dependingon where each study is done and which nurses that participate.Aim: To explore the underlying factors to nurses attitudes towards euthanasia.Method: A literature review has been used in this study on the basis of Friberg (2008)regulations. 13 articles has been used and these have been separate in one part which isarticles with a qualitative method and one with quantitative method. The words that has beenused in the seeking process are nurse, euthanasia and attitudes and the seeking is done in thedatabase CINAHL.Result: The result shows that nurses attitudes divides a lot from each other, it is verydepending on underlying factors. It showes that one of the most important factor to i nurseshas a negative or positive attitude to death help is religion. The nurses that are religious had amore negative attitude while agnostics or atheists where more positive. Intolerable suffering,great pain and the fact that medicines could not improve the patient's conditions are importantfactors for the nurses positive attitude to euthanasia. Misfeasance was also as a factor to whysome nurses had a negative attitude to euthanasia. The study reflects that the nurses that wereworking within intensive/the emergency treatment had a more positive attitude than the nursesthat was working within palliative the care.

Bland äldre patienter i Sverige är undernäring ett problem som växer sig allt större. Forskning har visat att många äldre patienter riskerar att drabbas av ohälsa, minskat välbefinnande och lägre egenvårds kapacitet vid undernäring (Johansson, 2004). Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att genom omvårdnadsforskning belysa sjuksköterskors attityder och kunskaper till nutritionsbehov och nutritionsbedömningar hos äldre patienter över 65 år. En systematisk litteraturstudie valdes som metod, systematisk sökning, kritisk granskning, dataanalys samt sammanställning av vetenskapliga artiklar inom problemområdet gjordes. I dataanalysen framkom teman som sjuksköterskors attityd till nutrition, nutritionsbehov och nutritionsbedömning av äldre patienter. Sjuksköterskors kunskap och utbildning om nutritionens betydelse för patienternas välbefinnande. Resultatet i denna studie visar att nutritionskunskap och utbildning bland sjuksköterskor i dag är otillräcklig. Slutsatsen blir således, för att kunna fastställa och tillgodose äldre patienter nutritionsstatus bör en ökad kompetens utveckling bland sjuksköterskor ske.

Bakgrund: I en befolkning där medelåldern ökar finns risk för ett ökat antal äldre med demenssjukdom. Demens är ett samlingsnamn för sjukdomar som medför minnessvårigheter och personlighetsförändring, vilket i sin tur kan sänka livskvaliteten. Syfte: var att beskriva aspekter av vad livskvalitet kan vara för personer med demens på särskilt boende. Metod: Detta är en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Nio artiklar som besvarade studiens syfte valdes från databaserna Cinahl och Medline. Resultat: Flera studier rapporterar om vad livskvalitet är enligt demenssjuka som bor i särskilt boende. Livskvalitet är relaterad till bl.a. social samvaro, aktivitet, kost samt fysisk och psykisk känsla av hälsa. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder kan påverka upplevelsen av livskvalitet för den demenssjuke. Meningsfulla aktiviteter som utförs tillsammans med vårdpersonalen och anhöriga är exempelvis betydelsefulla. Sjuksköterskan bör visa respekt för personens integritet, värdighet, autonomi och delaktighet.

This study describes the types of statements made by nurses as first impressions (hypotheses) of patient problems treatable by nurses in response to limited information (cues). Subjects were nine groups of nurses (n = 243), who varied in length of experience and in educational level from diploma students through masters students. / Completion of a paper and pencil task yielded 4199 hypotheses which were classified into 13 categories. Major differences were found between types offered by a group of master's students who had studied the diagnostic process and the remaining groups. Of the former's hypotheses, 85.6% were nursing diagnoses compared with a range of 35.5 - 61.4% from the latter. / Possible reasons for nurses' inability to make nursing diagnoses are failure to hypothesize the presence of appropriate problems and a lack of distinction between a nursing diagnosis, a medical diagnosis, data and plans for care.

Nursing is uniquely demanding work and occupational stress in the nursing profession has been well-documented. Many theories of stress-related disruptions among helping professionals have been proposed. Although these theories differ slightly in their origin of stress, they share similarities in nurses’ response to the patient relationship. Depersonalization, withdrawal, and avoidance all serve to create relational distance between the nurse and the patient. Despite the prevalence of these responses, there are not any theories on the nurses’ process of disengagement from patient relationships. Using Strauss and Corbin’s (1990) grounded theory method, this study explored acute care nurses’ experience of disengagement in patient relationships. The purpose of the study was to develop a mid-range theory of nurses’ process of disengagement from patient relationships as it occurred in acute care. Through purposive and theoretical sampling, 12 acute care nurses participated in open-ended individual interviews. The process of open, axial and selective coding discovered seven categories related to nurses’ experience of disengagement from patient relationships. These categories were emotional experience, behavioural expression, environmental influences, relational distance, professional identity and work spillover. Although these categories were exclusive, conceptual elements were interwoven into more than one category. The categories were interrelated around the core category, ‘Doing and Being’, and the process of nurses’ disengagement from patient relationships was delineated. Participants in the study experienced dissonance when they were unable to act in accordance to their caring beliefs. Conditions in the work environment, such as the lack of time, the culture of productivity and patient characteristics influenced and promoted their process of disengagement. Disengagement was manifested in the nurse-patient relationship by decreased eye contact, increased physical distance and increased task focused behaviour. These behaviours increased relational distance between the nurse and the patient. Nurses’ experience of dissonance had the potential to foster feelings of professional dissatisfaction and alienation from self, leading to increased turnover behaviour and depression. Implications and recommendations for practice and future research are discussed.

Background: Studies showed differences in attitudes towards patients with mental illness in nurses who worked in somatic care compared to nurses who worked in psychiatric care. The nurses in somatic care stated more negative attitudes to mental illness in relation to the nurses in psychiatric care. Studies also showed that work experience affected attitudes towards mental illness. Nurses who often came in contact with people with mental illness had less negative attitudes and prejudices against mental illness. Aim: The aim was to examine the experiences from nurses in somatic care, caring for patients who also have a psychiatric diagnosis. Method: The study was conducted as a semi-structured interview. The study was conducted through interviews with six nurses from the departments with a focus on somatic care. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis, which resulted in 48 pieces of sub-categories and six categories. Results: The analysis resulted in six categories: “often psychiatric patients in the somatic care”, “difficult patients”, “sees the whole patient as a person, not a diagnose”, “if it is not written, it does not exist”, “I know how to do, but” and “psychiatric disorder, not for real”. Conclusion: Nurses experienced that caring for patients with psychiatric comorbidity was caring for patients who required a lot of time and attention. The nurses felt they lacked some knowledge how they should respond to, and how to provide the best care, for these patients. Nurse’s experience was that they did not get the support from the psychiatric clinic that they wanted.

No description available.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of nurse-coordinated telephone monitoring among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes. In a randomized controlled trial 28 participants (aged 65-84yrs) with type 2 diabetes living in Southeastern Ontario were randomly assigned to an intervention group (15) and control group (13). The intervention group received weekly nurse-coordinated telephone monitoring and the control group received usual care from their family doctor. The main outcome measures were depression and diabetes-related stress as measured by measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Problem Areas In Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire at baseline and 12-weeks. All participants completed the study. At 12 weeks, mean scores for the intervention group were significantly lower for the GDS (p = .00) and the PAID (p = .03). Participants were receptive to the intervention. Nurse telephone monitoring may decrease depressive symptoms and diabetes-related stress among community-dwelling older adults. / Thesis (Master, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2007-08-08 14:30:24.945

The moral distress experiences of Registered Nurses who work in non-acute, continuing care settings were examined using qualitative methods. Previous research suggests that in general, nurses experience moral distress when they are not able to pursue actions in accordance with their moral conscience. Moral distress in nurses is expressed negatively in both the nurses’ professional and personal lives. However, most research on moral distress among nurses has focused on acute care settings. Registered Nurse participants were recruited from non-acute continuing care settings and described their experiences of moral conflict and distress. Particular attention was placed on the nurses’ experiences and reactions to their experience. The findings from this study indicated that as in other settings, moral distress is present in Registered Nurses practicing in non-acute continuing care. The nurses’ practicing in non-acute continuing care settings experienced moral distress after facing a barrier to their moral conscience involving organizational functioning, end of life decisions, patient advocacy, and resource utilization. Nurses experienced feelings including powerlessness, concern, regret, disappointment, suspicion of others, and feeling devalued. Future studies may focus further on the subspecialties in the non-acute continuing care sector. Research on strategies to resolve moral distress and research on the effectiveness of current interventions to combat moral distress among Registered Nurses in this setting should be pursued. / Thesis (Master, Nursing) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-01 10:02:08.043