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No / There has been a significant rise in the number of applicants to nursing pre-registration courses at British universities. A large proportion of these will be healthcare assistants. This article aims to guide them through the process of applying for nurse training and preparing for a successful outcome at interview.

Tendo em vista a consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), criado pelo governo federal no Brasil, é fundamental considerar a importância das práticas de gestão, e particularmente as de gestão em enfermagem, bem como do ensino da gestão na graduação em enfermagem. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: analisar a dimensão gerencial da prática de enfermeiros que atuam em hospital e na rede básica de saúde, a partir de suas próprias percepções acerca de seu trabalho cotidiano, apreendendo sua proximidade ou afastamento das práticas de saúde e educação propostas pelo SUS, e apontar diretrizes e estratégias para o processo ensinoaprendizagem do exercício profissional do enfermeiro na prática da gestão. O delineamento teórico do estudo considerou o processo de construção e o atual contexto do SUS, as mudanças que vêm orientando as discussões sobre a formação de profissionais em enfermagem e a construção histórico-social da dimensão gerencial da prática do enfermeiro. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou, na coleta de dados, as técnicas de entrevista e de grupo focal com 20 enfermeiros que atuam em um hospital filantrópico e na rede de atenção básica no município de Campo Grande, MS, em 2007. A análise temática permitiu identificar as seguintes categorias: A organização das práticas gerenciais do enfermeiro no cenário empírico do hospital (subcategorias: A relação entre as políticas de saúde e o trabalho cotidiano na instituição hospitalar, Práticas educativas no trabalho, Percepção do enfermeiro sobre as condições de trabalho, Modos de proceder do enfermeiro na gerência, O enfermeiro coordenando a equipe de enfermagem, O enfermeiro inserido na equipe multiprofissional e A interface entre gerência e cuidado no hospital), A organização das práticas gerenciais do enfermeiro na rede básica de saúde (subcategorias: A relação entre as políticas de saúde e o trabalho cotidiano na rede básica, A equipe de saúde e sua relação com o usuário e a comunidade, O trabalho multidisciplinar, Práticas educativas no trabalho e Percepção do enfermeiro sobre as condições de trabalho), A formação para a gerência sob a percepção do enfermeiro do hospital (subcategorias: O enfermeiro analisando facilidades e dificuldades no processo ensinoaprendizagem na graduação e O enfermeiro percebendo a mudança nas práticas de ensino da graduação), A formação para a gerência na percepção do enfermeiro da rede básica de saúde (subcategorias: O enfermeiro analisando facilidades e dificuldades no processo ensinoaprendizagem na graduação e O enfermeiro percebendo a mudança nas práticas de ensino da graduação). A prática gerencial do enfermeiro e o ensino da gestão em enfermagem se encontram ainda fortemente vinculadas aos modelos tradicionais de gestão e de ensino, com algumas diferenças entre as práticas de gestão no hospital e na atenção básica. No entanto, é ainda um grande desafio construir práticas participativas de gestão que possibilitem o cuidado integral em saúde, bem como construir práticas de ensino calcadas em valores e modos de fazer que sejam congruentes com a perspectiva de formação crítico-reflexiva. A partir dessa compreensão e com o respaldo do referencial teórico, são esboçadas diretrizes para orientar a formação do enfermeiro quanto ao exercício da dimensão gerencial nos serviços de saúde, visando formar profissionais comprometidos com a construção de um sistema de saúde que promova a integralidade da atenção nas ações de cuidado à saúde da população / In view of the consolidation of the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) by Brazil\'s federal government, it is fundamental to consider the importance of management practices, especially those of management in nursing, as well as the teaching of management in Nursing undergraduate programs. The objectives of the present study were to analyze management aspects in the routine practice of nurses working in hospitals and the primary healthcare network, drawing on their observations of their daily work routines, including the extent to which these adhere to or diverge from SUS-compatible healthcare and education practices, and to propose guidelines and strategies for the teachinglearning process regarding the practice of management in the nursing profession. The theoretical framework of the study addressed the process of building the SUS within its current context, along with the changes that have shaped the discussion on the training of professionals in nursing, and the social and historical formation of management aspects within nursing practices. This qualitative study was conducted in 2007, and entailed data collection using interview and focal group techniques, involving 20 nurses working in a philanthropic hospital and the primary healthcare network in Campo Grande, the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul state. Thematically-based analysis identified the following categories: Organization of management practices of nurses within an empirical hospital setting (subcategories: Relationship between health policy and routine practice of the hospital, Onthe- job training, Nurse perception of working conditions, Modes of nurse conduct in management, Nurse coordination of the nursing team, Nurse inclusion in multiprofessional teams and \'Interface between management and care in the hospital\'), Structure of management practices of nurses in the primary healthcare setting (subcategories: Relationship between health policy and working practice in the primary healthcare network, Healthcare team and its relationship with service users and the community, Multidisciplinary work, On-the-job training\' and Nurse perception of working conditions), \'Training in management from the perspective of hospital nurses (subcategories: Nurse analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the teachinglearning process of the undergraduate program and Nurse perceptions of changes in undergraduate teaching practices), Management training from the perspective of nurses from the primary healthcare network\' (subcategories: Nurse analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the teachinglearning process of the undergraduate program and Nurse perceptions of change in undergraduate teaching practices). Management practices of nurses and the teaching of management in nursing remain strongly linked to traditional models of management and teaching, with some differences evident between management practices of hospital and primary healthcare. However, creating participative management practices able to combine integral healthcare with the fostering of teaching practices based on values and approaches coherent with a critical-reflective education approach, remains a major challenge. Based on this understanding and drawing on theoretical support, the study proposes guidelines for undergraduate programs in Nursing to incorporate training related to the management of healthcare services, so as to prepare professionals committed to building a health system capable of promoting comprehensiveness in healthcare provision for the population

This research explores how experienced nurses perceive their role as clinical teachers in an environment that is challenged not only with on-going changes in healthcare delivery, but also by the expectation that it will continue to provide positive clinical learning opportunities for undergraduate student nurses. Schools of nursing in Australia have undergone rapid and far-reaching change as a consequence of the legislated transfer of nursing eduction to the tertiary sector. Expectations that nurse academics will possess higher degrees and be actively involved in research mean that faculty members have less time to be directly involved in their students’ learning during clinical practice placements. The literature indicates that the responsibility for moment to moment teaching and learning thus appears to have been implicitly given to clinical staff who may not possess any formal qualifications for teaching, yet are largely responsible for students’ learning through clinical placements. Indeed some clinicians report a worrying lack of knowledge of clinical supervision models giving cause for further concern about the nature of the clinical learning environment. Schools of nursing expect that clinical practica will provide opportunities for students to learn how to be a nurse through guided questioning, analysis and critical thinking. It is evident that in some settings, this represents an ideal situation and not the reality. Critical reflection on these issues has informed the purpose of this research and helped to shape the following questions that focus the conduct of the study: Research Question One. How do experienced nurses create positive clinical learning environments for student nurses? Research Question Two. How do experienced nurses resolve the often-contradictory demands of nursing students and those of the practice setting? Research Question Three. How do changes in the healthcare environment impact on the experienced nurse's role as a clinical teacher? The theoretical framework for this study was underpinned by the interpretive philosophies of hermeneutic phenomenology and symbolic interactionism, because they acknowledge the personal experiences and meanings of the participants. A case study approach was utilised because it acknowledges the given context of the participants. Data were collected from six experienced nurses through a series of semi-structured interviews, informal interviews and periods of participant observation supported by field notes and the researcher’s diary. Participants identified that their perception of their role as clinical teachers was constructed of three intersecting roles: that of facilitator of learning, assessor and socialiser. This study concludes that several factors influence these nurses’ perception of their role as clinical teachers. In particular, the positivist work culture of the clinical setting and nurses’ own past experiences and world view of nursing combine to shape these nurses’ perception of their role as clinical teachers. The research concludes that the expectations that students will be supported in their endeavours to be critically thinking, problem solving and reflective practitioners may, in fact, be unrealistic in the current, economically constrained, clinical environment. It is evident that experienced nurses, despite being willing to be involved with clinical teaching, have to function in rapidly changing environments that do not always offer opportunities for nurses to reflect on their practice. However, the creation of positive clinical learning environments in these circumstances requires an increased understanding and appreciation by both schools of nursing and their students of the impact of change on these nurses and their clinical environment. This appreciation may result in more effective collaboration between nursing education and nursing service to assist student nurses to learn not merely through repetitive practice and busywork, but also through opportunities to observe, question and understand their nursing practice.

Tendo em vista a consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), criado pelo governo federal no Brasil, é fundamental considerar a importância das práticas de gestão, e particularmente as de gestão em enfermagem, bem como do ensino da gestão na graduação em enfermagem. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: analisar a dimensão gerencial da prática de enfermeiros que atuam em hospital e na rede básica de saúde, a partir de suas próprias percepções acerca de seu trabalho cotidiano, apreendendo sua proximidade ou afastamento das práticas de saúde e educação propostas pelo SUS, e apontar diretrizes e estratégias para o processo ensinoaprendizagem do exercício profissional do enfermeiro na prática da gestão. O delineamento teórico do estudo considerou o processo de construção e o atual contexto do SUS, as mudanças que vêm orientando as discussões sobre a formação de profissionais em enfermagem e a construção histórico-social da dimensão gerencial da prática do enfermeiro. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou, na coleta de dados, as técnicas de entrevista e de grupo focal com 20 enfermeiros que atuam em um hospital filantrópico e na rede de atenção básica no município de Campo Grande, MS, em 2007. A análise temática permitiu identificar as seguintes categorias: A organização das práticas gerenciais do enfermeiro no cenário empírico do hospital (subcategorias: A relação entre as políticas de saúde e o trabalho cotidiano na instituição hospitalar, Práticas educativas no trabalho, Percepção do enfermeiro sobre as condições de trabalho, Modos de proceder do enfermeiro na gerência, O enfermeiro coordenando a equipe de enfermagem, O enfermeiro inserido na equipe multiprofissional e A interface entre gerência e cuidado no hospital), A organização das práticas gerenciais do enfermeiro na rede básica de saúde (subcategorias: A relação entre as políticas de saúde e o trabalho cotidiano na rede básica, A equipe de saúde e sua relação com o usuário e a comunidade, O trabalho multidisciplinar, Práticas educativas no trabalho e Percepção do enfermeiro sobre as condições de trabalho), A formação para a gerência sob a percepção do enfermeiro do hospital (subcategorias: O enfermeiro analisando facilidades e dificuldades no processo ensinoaprendizagem na graduação e O enfermeiro percebendo a mudança nas práticas de ensino da graduação), A formação para a gerência na percepção do enfermeiro da rede básica de saúde (subcategorias: O enfermeiro analisando facilidades e dificuldades no processo ensinoaprendizagem na graduação e O enfermeiro percebendo a mudança nas práticas de ensino da graduação). A prática gerencial do enfermeiro e o ensino da gestão em enfermagem se encontram ainda fortemente vinculadas aos modelos tradicionais de gestão e de ensino, com algumas diferenças entre as práticas de gestão no hospital e na atenção básica. No entanto, é ainda um grande desafio construir práticas participativas de gestão que possibilitem o cuidado integral em saúde, bem como construir práticas de ensino calcadas em valores e modos de fazer que sejam congruentes com a perspectiva de formação crítico-reflexiva. A partir dessa compreensão e com o respaldo do referencial teórico, são esboçadas diretrizes para orientar a formação do enfermeiro quanto ao exercício da dimensão gerencial nos serviços de saúde, visando formar profissionais comprometidos com a construção de um sistema de saúde que promova a integralidade da atenção nas ações de cuidado à saúde da população / In view of the consolidation of the Brazilian Unified Healthcare System (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) by Brazil\'s federal government, it is fundamental to consider the importance of management practices, especially those of management in nursing, as well as the teaching of management in Nursing undergraduate programs. The objectives of the present study were to analyze management aspects in the routine practice of nurses working in hospitals and the primary healthcare network, drawing on their observations of their daily work routines, including the extent to which these adhere to or diverge from SUS-compatible healthcare and education practices, and to propose guidelines and strategies for the teachinglearning process regarding the practice of management in the nursing profession. The theoretical framework of the study addressed the process of building the SUS within its current context, along with the changes that have shaped the discussion on the training of professionals in nursing, and the social and historical formation of management aspects within nursing practices. This qualitative study was conducted in 2007, and entailed data collection using interview and focal group techniques, involving 20 nurses working in a philanthropic hospital and the primary healthcare network in Campo Grande, the capital city of Mato Grosso do Sul state. Thematically-based analysis identified the following categories: Organization of management practices of nurses within an empirical hospital setting (subcategories: Relationship between health policy and routine practice of the hospital, Onthe- job training, Nurse perception of working conditions, Modes of nurse conduct in management, Nurse coordination of the nursing team, Nurse inclusion in multiprofessional teams and \'Interface between management and care in the hospital\'), Structure of management practices of nurses in the primary healthcare setting (subcategories: Relationship between health policy and working practice in the primary healthcare network, Healthcare team and its relationship with service users and the community, Multidisciplinary work, On-the-job training\' and Nurse perception of working conditions), \'Training in management from the perspective of hospital nurses (subcategories: Nurse analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the teachinglearning process of the undergraduate program and Nurse perceptions of changes in undergraduate teaching practices), Management training from the perspective of nurses from the primary healthcare network\' (subcategories: Nurse analysis of strengths and weaknesses in the teachinglearning process of the undergraduate program and Nurse perceptions of change in undergraduate teaching practices). Management practices of nurses and the teaching of management in nursing remain strongly linked to traditional models of management and teaching, with some differences evident between management practices of hospital and primary healthcare. However, creating participative management practices able to combine integral healthcare with the fostering of teaching practices based on values and approaches coherent with a critical-reflective education approach, remains a major challenge. Based on this understanding and drawing on theoretical support, the study proposes guidelines for undergraduate programs in Nursing to incorporate training related to the management of healthcare services, so as to prepare professionals committed to building a health system capable of promoting comprehensiveness in healthcare provision for the population

The impression existed that nurses were not always compassionate and caring when they had to nurse terminally ill patients and the question arose whether they were adequately trained for this task. This study focused on the most frequent diseases that cause the death of patients in a province of Angola, and set out to determine what preparation nurses in a specific hospital received to equip them to care for terminally ill patients. A quantitative approach was adopted, using an exploratory and descriptive design, and a self-developed questionnaire was applied as data-collection instrument for a sample of 100 medium- and basic level nurses in a specific hospital in a province of Angola. From the results of the study it was evident that the nurse respondents were well informed as to what it entailed to be terminally ill, which factors affected the patient's comfort, safety and self image needs but only half of the respondents indicated that they received training pertaining to palliative care. Recommendations were made in view of better preparing nurses to care for the terminally ill patient. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The impression existed that nurses were not always compassionate and caring when they had to nurse terminally ill patients and the question arose whether they were adequately trained for this task. This study focused on the most frequent diseases that cause the death of patients in a province of Angola, and set out to determine what preparation nurses in a specific hospital received to equip them to care for terminally ill patients. A quantitative approach was adopted, using an exploratory and descriptive design, and a self-developed questionnaire was applied as data-collection instrument for a sample of 100 medium- and basic level nurses in a specific hospital in a province of Angola. From the results of the study it was evident that the nurse respondents were well informed as to what it entailed to be terminally ill, which factors affected the patient's comfort, safety and self image needs but only half of the respondents indicated that they received training pertaining to palliative care. Recommendations were made in view of better preparing nurses to care for the terminally ill patient. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)