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The following research has explored children's experiences when living with a parent who is dying. The findings provide substantial evidence that these children frequently experience a conspiracy of silence which is orchestrated and managed by the adults in their lives. The findings have evidenced that children are not typically included in information exchanges about their parents' illnesses. This creates feelings of powerlessness and a barrier to `making meaning' of their current experiences. Exclusion from appropriate and meaningful discourses results in them being unable to develop narratives that are consistent with the peripheral information they are receiving, and which cause them to question their identity and the construct of their family. However, the research has also shown that when children are included in conversations about their parents' illnesses, they generally have a more sophisticated understanding of what is happening and are cognitively and emotionally better able to cope. The quality and quantity of information that is shared with children of terminally ill parents affects their ability to assimilate what is happening which in turn impacts on their management of, or in many examples, their failure to manage the situation. This thesis explores strategies employed by children in their attempt to begin to make meaning from what is happening and to manage the situation. The research highlights that these children experience a number of transitions, changes and challenges. Changes in family routines and the shift from the known patterns of family life to a chaotic and unsafe world often present these children with unprecedented challenges that can severely affect how they manage the experience and how they begin to make meaning from what is happening. Within the thesis I argue that children experience a form of `social death' where previously known social activities and contacts are curtailed because of parents' illnesses. The concept of `social death' reflects their increasing isolation from a `normal' social world which intensifies feelings of difference and causes further questions about identityThe thesis builds on the work of Walter (1996) suggesting that not only is there a `last chapter' to be written following the death, but that children with terminally ill parents are also critically involved in writing a `penultimate chapter' during the latter phases of their parents' illnesses. This `chapter' forms the narratives that accompany this challenging and rapidly changing time in the children's lives. The `writing' of the chapter provides, in part, a framework for the children to construct their biography and consequently develop an understanding of what is happening. However, when they are not included in conversations about the illness the `writing' of the chapter can be severely compromised thus causing them to write an inaccurate account and create incongruent narratives

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This dissertation will examine the legality of assisted dying procedures performed in the Republic of South Africa. This is due to the rising awareness about terminal patients’ dignity and autonomy at the end of their life. The physician’s liability, who assists such a patient to end their life, will be examined and whether there is any legal recourse available will be explored. Comparisons will also be made between other legal systems, including Canada, the Netherlands, Oregon of the United States of America and England and Wales. These jurisdictions have been chosen to provide a wide variety of perspectives and possible alternatives that South Africa should take into consideration should parliament or the courts decide to argue the matter. Other sources are also considered, such as the influence of the history and development of the common law crime of murder, as well as the role the Health Professions Council of South Africa will play. Possibly most importantly, the material criminal law of South Africa is thoroughly studied with all forms of assisted dying in mind. This is to establish what kind of liability, criminal or otherwise, a physician might incur should they decide to assist a patient in these circumstances. Lastly, recommendations are made based on the research done throughout this dissertation, which would ideally assist in any future arguments made on the topic. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

As the population ages and individuals with serious illnesses continue to live longer, they are experiencing disruptions in habits and routines, roles, and rituals that provide meaning to their lives. Many individuals receiving palliative or hospice care and their family members are unable to maintain their quality of life (QOL) and well-being due to the negative impact of the serious illness. Individuals and their family caregivers experience difficulty in participating and engaging in activities of daily living (ADLs) (i.e., dressing, bathing, eating) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (i.e., making meals, working, finances). Individuals are unable to maintain their independence, return home due to environmental barriers, and receive support from family members due to a lack of training. Family caregivers are thrust into the role of caring for their loved ones without training. Currently, there is an increased need for more health professionals to work in palliative and hospice care. Occupational therapy is one profession that can fill this gap; however, there is a lack of education for occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) at both the entry and post-professional levels. Occupational Therapy in Palliative and Hospice Care: A Certificate Program contains key components of related professional certification programs in palliative care. Program content aligns with palliative care principles and specific evidence-based occupational knowledge so OTPs will become integral interprofessional palliative care team members. It aims to demonstrate occupational therapy's value in this setting and prepare OTPs to work successfully. Modules provide the foundational information needed to facilitate the use of the principles of palliative care, understand the clients, collaborate with members of the interprofessional team, and provide meaningful occupational interventions during this transition. This program addresses the gap and need for occupational engagement, health promotion, and occupational justice for these individuals and their family members at the end-of-life (EOL).

If Architecture can express the joy of birth and all the infinite aspects of human life, then Architecture can celebrate death as a final rite of passage. Can Architecture celebrate man's transition into the afterlife? How does this celebration translate literally into something tangible? How does this celebration translate figuratively into something tactile? / Master of Architecture

Background: Active euthanasia is legal in Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. In Switzerland, Estonia and the states of Wasington and Oregon in USA are only doctor-assisted euthanasia legal. When patient’s receive a diagnosis of a terminall illness studies shows that various kinds of suffering, pain, religion and feeling that you are dependent on relatives are factors which affect people's quality of life and attitude to euthanasia. Some patients want to end their life while others want to manage their lives. There are disagreements about whether euthanasia could be a option. Aim: To describe the attitude of patients with an incurable terminal illness has to euthanasia and what factors as affecting their attitude. The aim is also to describe the research group in the articles. Method: A descriptive design has been used in this litterature study. Twelve articles have been used, seven Qualitative and five Quantitative. Results: The results depends on various factors such as pain, religion, depression, physical function and suffering. These factors affected the patient’s attitudes towards euthanasia. The composition of the articles emerge that 680 patients were positive to euthanasia, 483 patients were against, and 34 patients had not answered the question. Conclusion: A positive attitude to euthanasia can be seen clearly in the research of the articles results. However, only one study came from Sweden and therefore the authors think that more research is needed to gain an understanding of patient’s attitude. There are concerns that euthanasia will be miss-used or abused when the patient’s have been asked about their attitudes. [1]Totalt 1197 svarande, 680 patienter för, 483 patienter emot, 34 svarande ej. / Bakgrund: I Nederländerna, Belgien och Luxemburg är det lagligt med aktiv dödshjälp. I länderna Schweiz, Estland och delstaterna Washington och Oregon i USA är det lagligt med läkar-assisterat självmord. När patienter får en diagnos med en dödlig sjukdom framkommer det i studier att vid olika typer av sjukdomar uppfattas lidande, smärta, religion samt att vara andra närstående till besvär som faktorer vilket påverkar personernas livskvalité och inställning till eutanasi. En del patienter vill avsluta sitt liv andra vill hantera sitt liv därför råder det delade meningar kring inställningen till eutanasi. Syfte: Syfte med denna studie var att beskriva vilken inställning patienter med obotligt dödliga sjukdomar har till eutanasi och vilka faktorer som påverkar deras inställning. Syftet var även att beskriva vilken undersöknings grupp de valda artiklarna hade. Metod: En deskriptiv design har används i denna litteraturstudie. Tolv artiklar har används, sju Kvalitativa och fem Kvantitativa. Huvudresultat: Resultatet är beroende av olika faktorer såsom, smärta, religion, depression, fysiska funktionen och lidandet. Dessa faktorer påverkade patienternas olika inställning till eutanasi. I sammansättningen av artiklarna framkom det 56,8% patienter var för eutanasi, 40,3% patienter var emot och 2,8 % patienter har inte svarat på frågan1. Slutsats: Stora skillnader kan ses till inställningen om eutanasi i sammanställningen av artiklarnas resultat. Dock framkommer endast en studie ifrån Sverige och därför anser författarna att mer forskning behövs för att få en förståelse för patienternas inställning. Även en risk för att eutanasi skall missbrukas uppkommer i studien när patienter skall besvara frågan om de är för eller emot.

This paper reviews literature on the topic of death anxiety and therapy. The author conducted a study examining potential clients' perceptions of two different therapeutic approaches for working with terminally ill clients with death anxiety. A review of literature relevant to this topic indicates that death anxiety is correlated with many psychological problems; however, there are no clinical studies focused primarily on the treatment of death anxiety among clients with a terminal illness. In this study, potential clients were randomly assigned to watched either a short video of a cognitive behavioral therapy session or a short video of an acceptance and commitment therapy session focused on treating a terminal ill person's death anxiety. After watching the video, potential clients rated the session impact of the therapy approach using the Session Evaluation Questionnaire. In addition, participant's views of seeking psychotherapy were assessed with the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychology Help measure. No differences in ratings of session impact were found between participants who viewed the cognitive behavioral therapy session and the acceptance and commitment therapy session. However, participants' attitudes toward seeking therapy were positively associated with their views of the therapist and session depth. Consistent with past literature, women reported more death anxiety than men. In regards to potential clients' views of session impact variables, their view of postsession positivity was positively related to their view of session smoothness. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between potential clients' views of the therapist and session depth. Implications and conclusions are discussed.