Limited research has investigated the stress-related experiences of South African nursing students. Moreover, there is a scarcity of empirical studies that have reported on the development and evaluation of psycho-educational stress-management programmes that focus on both pathogenic, as well as positive and meaning-related factors among nursing students. The aim of this investigation was to study compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and meaning in life among a sample of nursing students with the aim of developing, and then empirically evaluating, a psycho-educational stress-management programme. The psycho-educational stress-management programme was articulated from a logotherapy-based perspective. A research design, consisting of three interdependent phases, was used to pursue the aim of the study. The aim of phase 1 was to describe the (1) prevalence of, and (2) correlations between, the deleterious and positive and meaningful effects of caring and among a sample of 80 nursing students (Mage = 22.40 years, SD = 11.1, female = 91.25%). The results indicated that participants may benefit from a logotherapy-based psycho-educational stress-management programme. The purpose of phase 2 of the study was to develop a logotherapy-based psycho-educational stress-management programme for nursing students. The goal of the logotherapy-based psycho-educational stress-management programme was to assist participants to develop the skills, knowledge and abilities that may be required to address deleterious challenges, and enhance positive and meaning-related opportunities. In phase 3 the logotherapy-based psycho-educational stress-management programme was presented to a sample of 42 first year nursing students (Mage = 20.21, SD = 1.57, female = 79.31%). A convergent parallel mixed methods research design was used to evaluate the efficacy of the logotherapy-based psycho-educational stress-management programme. Quantitative results indicated (1) a reduction in compassion fatigue and burnout, and (2) an increase in compassion satisfaction and meaning in life, scores over the course of the programme. Qualitative analysis supported the quantitative results. It was subsequently concluded that the logotherapy-based psycho-educational stress-management programme was effective in assisting participants to address the deleterious , as well embrace the positive and meaning-related effects of caring. However, ongoing support may be required to fully assist nursing students to address stressful challenges. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Professional nurses comprise the largest number of health care professionals in South Africa. High turnover rates contribute to shortages of nurses in South Africa, aggravated by the emigration of nurses, inadequate recruitment of student nurses, and the expected retirement of many baby boomer nurses by 2016. This study addressed factors influencing the retention of professional nurses in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. In phase 1, postal questionnaires were completed by 101 registered nurses while semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 nurse managers in phase 2. Personal, organisational and managerial factors influenced the retention potential of the professional nurses. In terms of Maslow' Hierarchy of Needs Theory, most factors influencing nurses' retention operated on the lowest (physiological) level and concerned remuneration. Safety needs were compromised by the lack of equipment and supplies, the shortage of nurses and unsafe working places. Esteem needs included respect from doctors, managers and colleagues as well as recognition for outstanding performance. In terms of Vogt et al's Theory of Nurse Retention Theory, the constrictions caused by inadequate remuneration and safety aspects should be addressed. Lewin's Force-Field Analysis Theory recommends that the factors that influence nurses' retention negatively should be unfrozen, changed and refrozen, including communication. Based on these results guidelines were compiled for enhancing the retention rates of professional nurses (Annexure G). / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

Text in English / In South Africa, retention of newly qualified professional nurses in public health institutions upon completion of their year of compulsory remunerated community service remains a challenge that exacerbates the shortage of professional nurses in these institutions. The literature indicates that many newly qualified professional nurses leave the public health institutions due to lack of professional development support and heavy workloads while they are still finding their feet. A mixed-methods design of concurrent triangulation approach was used to answer the question: How are the newly qualified professional nurses supported in terms of induction and professional development during community service in South Africa? Triangulation was achieved by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Induction/orientation documents from public health institutions were analysed using a checklist. A survey questionnaire with mixed quantitative closed items (1–43) and qualitative open-ended questions (43–46) was sent to newly qualified professional nurses who had recently completed community service. Focus groups held with operational nurse managers and individual interviews with coordinators of community service for nurses yielded rich qualitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to describe and synthesise data. The qualitative findings confirmed the quantitative findings. Findings were lack of professional development support in some public health institutions, informal, non-comprehensive support where given, shortage of experienced professional nurses, reluctance by some professional nurses and operational nurse managers to supervise newly qualified nurses, and increased workload due to the shortage of experienced professional nurses in the public health institutions. Inadequate clinical skills, poor discipline and lack of professionalism in the newly qualified professional nurses also played a part. Respondents suggested constructive recommendations for the induction and professional development support of the newly qualified professional nurses, and these were incorporated in the recommended guidelines for the induction and professional development support of newly qualified professional nurses during community service. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The key objective of this study was to determine the relationship between burnout (measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS)), work engagement (measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), and sense of coherence (measured by the Orientation of Life Questionnaire developed by Antonovsky (1987)). A quantitative study using a cross-sectional survey research design was conducted on a randomly selected sample (N = 178) of nurses at a central hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal. A theoretical relationship was established between the variables. The empirical relationship revealed statistically significant negative relationship between burnout and work engagement. A statistically significant negative relationship was also established between burnout and SOC. The findings add valuable knowledge to industrial and organisational psychology and can be applied to promote employee and organisational wellness. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Abstracts in English, Southern Sotho and Xhosa / Previous studies evidenced the association between work ethics climate, retention factors and organisational commitment separately. However, research combining all these variables have not yet been done. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between work ethics climate, retention factors and organisational commitment of nurses in a South African public hospital. A quantitative research design was followed and a probability stratified sample (N=208) of nurses participated in the study. The results indicate significant relationships between work ethics climate and retention factors. Furthermore, the results indicate significant relationships between work ethics climate and organisational commitment. Moreover, the results indicate that work ethics climate moderates the relationship between training and development components of retention factors and organisational commitment. These findings provide new knowledge for the design of retention strategies, which adds value to the body of knowledge in relation to work ethics climate. Recommendations for further research and for the implementation of the results of the study by human resource professionals were made in terms of improving the ethical climate, the retention factors and organisational commitment of their employees. / Dinyakišišo tše di fetilego di file bohlatse bja kamano magareng ga seemo sa maitshwaro ka mošomong, mabaka a go tšwela pele le boikgafo ka fao go aroganego. Le ge go le bjale, dinyakišišo tšeo di kopanyago mehuta ye ka moka ga se tša hlwa di dirwa. Maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo tše e bile go nyakišiša kamano magareng ga seemo sa maitshwaro ka mošomong, mabaka a go tšwela pele le boikgafo bja bja baoki ka sepetleleng sa setšhaba sa Afrika Borwa. Tlhamo ya dinyakišišo tša boleng e dirišitšwe gomme sampole ya baoki ye e arogantšwego (N=208) ba kgathile tema ka dinyakišišong. Dipoelo di laetša kamano ye kgolo magareng ga seemo sa maitshwaro ka mošomong le mabaka a go tšwela pele. Godimo ga fao, dipoelo di laetša dikamano tše kgolo magareng ga seemo sa maitshwaro ka mošomong le boikgafo bja ka mokgatlong. Godimo ga fao, dipoelo di aletša gore seemo sa maitshwaro se lekanyetša kamano magareng ga dikarolo tša tlhahlo le tša tlhabollo tša mabaka a go tšwela pele le boikgafo bja ka mokgatlong. Dikutollo tše di fana ka tsebo ye mpsha ya tlhamo ya mekgwa ya go tšwela pele, yeo e tlišago boleng go tsebo mabapi le seemo sa maitshwaro a ka mošomong. Ditšhišinyo tša dinyakišišo go tšwela pele le tša go phethagatša dipoelo tša dinyakišišo ka bašomi ba sephrofešenale ba merero ya bašomi di dirilwe mabapi le go kaonafatša seemo sa maitshwaro, mabaka a go tšwela pele le boikgafo bja ka mokgatlong bja bašomi ba yona. / Amarhubhululo zesikhathi esidlulileko zifakazele itjhebiswano eliphakathi kobujamo bemigomo yokusebenza, imithelela yokubamba abasebenzi bangakhambi kanye nokuzibophelela kwihlangano ngendlela ehlukanisiweko. Nanyana kunjalo, ngokwerhubhululo ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zoke lezi zinto akhange kweziwe. Ihloso yaleli rhubhululo bekukuphenya itjhebiswano eliphakathi kobujamo bemigomo yokuziphatha emsebenzini, ukubamba abasebenzi bangakhambi kanye nokuzibophelela kuhlangano kwabahlengikazi esibhedlela sombuso eSewula Afrika. Ihlelo lerhubhululo elidzimelele kuzinga lekulumo lilandelwe kanti nesampula yabahlengikazi I (N=208) labadlale indima kurhubhululo lisetjenzisiwe.Imiphumela iveza itjhebiswano eliqakathekileko phakathi kobujamo bemigomo yokusebenza kanye nemithelela yokubanjwa kwabasebenzi bangakhambi. Ukuragela phambili, imiphumela iveza itjhebiswano eliqakathekileko phakathi kobujamo bemigomo yokusebenza kanye nokuzibophelela kwehlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lemiphumela iveza ukobana ubujamo bemigomo yokuziphatha ilinganisa itjhebiswano phakathi kweengaba ezibandulako nezithuthukisako, iingaba ezimalungana nemithelela yokubamba abasebenzi bangakhambi kanye nokuzibophelela kwehlangano. Leli lwazi elitholakeleko linikela ilwazi elitjha malungana nokudizayinwa kwamasu wokubamba abasebenzi bangakhambi, okuyinto engezelela ivelu kumthombo welwazi malungana nobujamo bemigomo yokuziphatha emsebenzini. Iincomo ezinye ezimalungana nokuragela phambili nerhubhululo kanye nokusetjenziswa kwemiphumela yerhubhululo elimalungana nabasebenzi bomnyango wezokuqatjhwa kwabasebenzi zenziwe ngokuthi kuthuthukiswe ubujamo bemigomo yokuziphatha, imithelela yokubamba abasebenzi bangakhambi kanye nokuzibophelela kwabasebenzi kuhlangano. / Human Resource Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Text in English / The aim of this study was to gain understanding of community service nurses’ experiences of health care services at Tshwane district public hospital. This qualitative study followed an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach to explore the community services nurses’ experiences of health care services at Tshwane district public hospital. Data were collected from 11 purposively selected community service nurses using a semi-structured interview format. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework for data analysis. Four super-ordinates emerged from data analysis: (1) Resources, (2) Work environmental relations, (3) Supervision and support and, (4) Impact of community service experiences. The study revealed that the health care services rendered at the hospital studied are substandard. Community service nurses reported several challenges experienced during their placement in the hospital under study. Lack of human and material resources, supervision and support contributed to hindrance of smooth acquisition of their clinical skills and experience. These challenges resulted in the psychological and emotional drain of the participants. There is a need for development of guidelines to ensure constant and adequate support to all the community service nurses placed at Ratanang Hospital. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Text in English / The aim of this study was to gain understanding of community service nurses’ experiences of health care services at Tshwane district public hospital. This qualitative study followed an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach to explore the community services nurses’ experiences of health care services at Tshwane district public hospital. Data were collected from 11 purposively selected community service nurses using a semi-structured interview format. Data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis framework for data analysis. Four super-ordinates emerged from data analysis: (1) Resources, (2) Work environmental relations, (3) Supervision and support and, (4) Impact of community service experiences. The study revealed that the health care services rendered at the hospital studied are substandard. Community service nurses reported several challenges experienced during their placement in the hospital under study. Lack of human and material resources, supervision and support contributed to hindrance of smooth acquisition of their clinical skills and experience. These challenges resulted in the psychological and emotional drain of the participants. There is a need for development of guidelines to ensure constant and adequate support to all the community service nurses placed at Ratanang Hospital. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

The study investigated the experiences of remaining nurse tutors at the Free State School of Nursing during the transformation of Nursing Colleges and downsizing of personnel. The study aimed at describing the experiences of individuals during changes in their work environment, with the purpose of contributing to the identification of guidelines for 'surviving' transformation and downsizing at the workplace. Three themes emerged from this study through the narrative descriptions and unstructured interviews. The first theme, affective responses, dealt with emotions, low morale, depressive moods and anxiety caused by transformation and downsizing. The second theme, cognitive and perceptual view, revealed the thoughts, beliefs, and opinions of remaining nurse tutors regarding transformation and downsizing. Perceptions of and opinions on how nursing education and human dignity were affected were also expressed. The third theme portrayed the coping responses, which described work-related personal and social adjustments nurse tutors made during the transformation of nursing colleges. Recommendations included communication, participation and counseling of nurse tutors and to meet the requirements of nursing colleges during transformation and downsizing. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

The study investigated the experiences of remaining nurse tutors at the Free State School of Nursing during the transformation of Nursing Colleges and downsizing of personnel. The study aimed at describing the experiences of individuals during changes in their work environment, with the purpose of contributing to the identification of guidelines for 'surviving' transformation and downsizing at the workplace. Three themes emerged from this study through the narrative descriptions and unstructured interviews. The first theme, affective responses, dealt with emotions, low morale, depressive moods and anxiety caused by transformation and downsizing. The second theme, cognitive and perceptual view, revealed the thoughts, beliefs, and opinions of remaining nurse tutors regarding transformation and downsizing. Perceptions of and opinions on how nursing education and human dignity were affected were also expressed. The third theme portrayed the coping responses, which described work-related personal and social adjustments nurse tutors made during the transformation of nursing colleges. Recommendations included communication, participation and counseling of nurse tutors and to meet the requirements of nursing colleges during transformation and downsizing. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)