Problématique. La Fondation Canadienne du rein soutient qu’en 2013, la prévalence de l’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) avoisinait les 10% et qu’elle touchait une proportion considérable de gens souffrant d’obésité. Il semble raisonnable de viser une perte pondérale modérée chez les gens atteints du duo obésité – IRC. Malgré cela, aucune recommandation nutritionnelle n’est spécifiquement bâtie afin de respecter les restrictions alimentaires liées à l’IRC et aux autres co-morbiditées, tout en permettant un déficit énergétique. Objectifs. Ce projet de recherche vise à étudier les facteurs associés avec la réussite d’une perte de poids dans le contexte restreint de ces patients. Méthodologie. 45 patients en évaluation ou en attente d’une transplantation rénale seront recrutés à la clinique de greffe rénale de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont. Une entrevue sera menée afin de compléter deux questionnaires (valeurs biochimiques, anthropométrie, historique médical, habitudes de vie, contexte sociodémographique, comportement alimentaire) suivie de la remise d’un journal alimentaire de quatre jours. Les apports nutritionnels obtenues seront analysés et comparés aux lignes directrices actuelles. Résultats. La perte de poids est difficile et limitée, chez les gens obèses souffrant d’IRC, malgré l’atteinte des cibles caloriques estimées et le niveau de motivation élevé de ceux-ci. Discussion. La sédentarité (46,7%, actif ˂ 1 hr/ jr) et le peu de suivi en nutrition pourraient entraver l’atteinte du poids ciblé. Conclusion. L’échec observé dans la perte pondérale semble principalement lié à la sédentarité alors qu’il n’y aurait aucune influence directe de l’apport calorique, du manque de motivation ou des comportements alimentaires. / Problematic. The Kidney Foundation of Canada argues that in 2013, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was around 10% and it touched a considerable proportion of people suffering from obesity. It should be reasonable to consider moderate weight loss in these patients. Despite this, no nutritional recommendation is specifically built to meet the dietary restrictions related to CKD, while allowing an energy deficit. Objectives. The objective of this project is to establish the nutritional profile of the population of obese renal failure patients, while identifying the risk factors associated with weight loss before renal transplantation. Methodology. 45 patients identified during the evaluation process or who were awaiting a kidney transplant and recruited from the kidney transplant clinic of the Maisonneuve-Rosemont hospital. Their medical and nutritional profiles were evaluated by questionnaires filled during a short interview (biochemical profile, vital signs, medical history, socio-demograpic data, anthropometry, food habits). Finally, a four-day food diary, accompanied with pictures if feasible, were used to compare to the nutritional guidelines, depending on the stage of renal disease and ongoing treatment. Results. Weight loss is difficult and limited in obese people with CKD, despite achieving targets estimated calorie and their high level of motivation. Discussion. A sedentary lifestyle (46,7%, actives ˂ 1 hr/ jr) and inadequate nutritional follow-up could hinder the achievement of the target weight. Conclusion. The failure observed in weight loss seems mainly related to a sedentary lifestyle then there would be no direct impact of caloric intake, lack of motivation or eating behaviors.

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional e a prevalência de alterações metabólicas na população adulta Xavante das reservas indígenas de São Marcos e Sangradouro/Volta Grande MT. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal, com 965 Xavante adultos das reservas indígenas de São Marcos e Sangradouro MT, no período de 2008 a 2012. Foram consideradas variáveis demográficas, antropométricas, clínicas e bioquímicas. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, por meio de cálculo de proporções, médias e desvios-padrão das variáveis. Na estatística analítica, foram utilizados o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, o teste t de Student, análise de variância (Anova), teste Qui quadrado (2), coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e análises de Curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Resultados: Verificou-se que 85,9% das mulheres e 84,7% dos homens apresentaram excesso de peso. A síndrome metabólica foi diagnosticada em 66,1% dos Xavante, segundo critérios da IDF e AHA/NHLBI. Foram verificadas elevadas prevalências de risco cardiovascular, segundo os indicadores HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), triglicerídeos (TG), razão TG/HDL-c, PCR, IMC, circunferência abdominal, cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e glicemia, em ambos os sexos. De um modo geral, os Xavante com idade entre 40 e 59 anos e do sexo feminino apresentaram prevalências mais elevadas de excesso de peso, síndrome metabólica e risco cardiovascular. Os melhores pontos de corte da circunferência da cintura para diagnosticar obesidade central e identificar a síndrome metabólica foram 97cm (sensibilidade 64,7% e especificidade 63,4%) para as mulheres e 94cm (sensibilidade 93,3% e especificidade 72,3%) para os homens. Em relação à capacidade preditiva de indicadores antropométricos, a relação cintura/coxa mostrou-se o melhor indicador para identificar DM e risco cardiovascular, enquanto a relação cintura/estatura apresentou a melhor capacidade preditiva da SM. Conclusões: Os achados deste estudo evidenciam um perfil nutricional e de saúde preocupante entre os adultos Xavante e apontam para a necessidade de estratégias de prevenção e controle do excesso de peso, síndrome metabólica e risco cardiovascular. Os resultados mostram ainda a importância de critérios diagnósticos específicos para essa população, dadas as particularidades étnicas, culturais, antropométricas e de estilo de vida dos Xavante / Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile and prevalence of metabolic disorders of the Xavante adult population from the São Marco and Sangradouro/Volta Grande Indian Reservations MT, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 965 Xavante Indians, from the São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande Indian Reservations, between 2008 and 2012. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables were considered. We used descriptive statistics, by calculating proportions, means and standard deviations of the variables. In the analytical statistics, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test (2), Pearson correlation coefficient and ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Results: Overweight was observed in 85.9% of the women and in 84.7% of the men. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 66.1% of the Xavante, according to the IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk was observed according to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-C, PCR, BMI, waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemic waist and glucose, in both sexes. In general, the Xavante aged between 40 and 59 years and females had higher prevalences of overweight, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. The best waist circumference cutoff points for the diagnosis of central obesity and metabolic syndrome were 97cm (sensitivity 64.7%, specificity 63.4%) for women and 94cm (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 72.3%) for men. Considering the predictive ability of anthropometric indicators, waist/thigh ratio proved to be the best indicator to identify DM and cardiovascular risk, while the waist/height ratio presented the best prediction of MS. Conclusions: Results from this study are indicating a nutritional and health profile among the adult Xavante Indians that causes concern and highlighted the necessity to adopt strategies towards prevention and control of weight excess, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in this population. The results also show the importance of specific diagnostic criteria for this population, considering the specific ethnic, cultural, anthropometric and life style specificities of the Xavante

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil nutricional e a prevalência de alterações metabólicas na população adulta Xavante das reservas indígenas de São Marcos e Sangradouro/Volta Grande MT. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal, com 965 Xavante adultos das reservas indígenas de São Marcos e Sangradouro MT, no período de 2008 a 2012. Foram consideradas variáveis demográficas, antropométricas, clínicas e bioquímicas. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, por meio de cálculo de proporções, médias e desvios-padrão das variáveis. Na estatística analítica, foram utilizados o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, o teste t de Student, análise de variância (Anova), teste Qui quadrado (2), coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e análises de Curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Resultados: Verificou-se que 85,9% das mulheres e 84,7% dos homens apresentaram excesso de peso. A síndrome metabólica foi diagnosticada em 66,1% dos Xavante, segundo critérios da IDF e AHA/NHLBI. Foram verificadas elevadas prevalências de risco cardiovascular, segundo os indicadores HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), triglicerídeos (TG), razão TG/HDL-c, PCR, IMC, circunferência abdominal, cintura hipertrigliceridêmica e glicemia, em ambos os sexos. De um modo geral, os Xavante com idade entre 40 e 59 anos e do sexo feminino apresentaram prevalências mais elevadas de excesso de peso, síndrome metabólica e risco cardiovascular. Os melhores pontos de corte da circunferência da cintura para diagnosticar obesidade central e identificar a síndrome metabólica foram 97cm (sensibilidade 64,7% e especificidade 63,4%) para as mulheres e 94cm (sensibilidade 93,3% e especificidade 72,3%) para os homens. Em relação à capacidade preditiva de indicadores antropométricos, a relação cintura/coxa mostrou-se o melhor indicador para identificar DM e risco cardiovascular, enquanto a relação cintura/estatura apresentou a melhor capacidade preditiva da SM. Conclusões: Os achados deste estudo evidenciam um perfil nutricional e de saúde preocupante entre os adultos Xavante e apontam para a necessidade de estratégias de prevenção e controle do excesso de peso, síndrome metabólica e risco cardiovascular. Os resultados mostram ainda a importância de critérios diagnósticos específicos para essa população, dadas as particularidades étnicas, culturais, antropométricas e de estilo de vida dos Xavante / Objective: To evaluate the nutritional profile and prevalence of metabolic disorders of the Xavante adult population from the São Marco and Sangradouro/Volta Grande Indian Reservations MT, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 965 Xavante Indians, from the São Marcos and Sangradouro/Volta Grande Indian Reservations, between 2008 and 2012. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables were considered. We used descriptive statistics, by calculating proportions, means and standard deviations of the variables. In the analytical statistics, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test (2), Pearson correlation coefficient and ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic). Results: Overweight was observed in 85.9% of the women and in 84.7% of the men. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 66.1% of the Xavante, according to the IDF and AHA/NHLBI criteria. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk was observed according to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-C, PCR, BMI, waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemic waist and glucose, in both sexes. In general, the Xavante aged between 40 and 59 years and females had higher prevalences of overweight, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. The best waist circumference cutoff points for the diagnosis of central obesity and metabolic syndrome were 97cm (sensitivity 64.7%, specificity 63.4%) for women and 94cm (sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 72.3%) for men. Considering the predictive ability of anthropometric indicators, waist/thigh ratio proved to be the best indicator to identify DM and cardiovascular risk, while the waist/height ratio presented the best prediction of MS. Conclusions: Results from this study are indicating a nutritional and health profile among the adult Xavante Indians that causes concern and highlighted the necessity to adopt strategies towards prevention and control of weight excess, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in this population. The results also show the importance of specific diagnostic criteria for this population, considering the specific ethnic, cultural, anthropometric and life style specificities of the Xavante