Recently, Coherent Optical Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing (CO-OFDM) has been considered as a promising technology for high-speed optical transmission due to its easiness of dispersion compensation, high optical spectral efficiency and superior scalability over the channel dispersion and data rate. In this thesis, we conduct analysis on the transceiver nonlinearity impact on a coherent optical Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing (OFDM) system and the feasibility of transmitting up to 1 Tb/s per channel data rate over CO-OFDM WDM systems. / We investigate the optimum design for a CO-OFDM transmitter using an optical In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q) modulator and show by simulation that in contrast to the direct-detected system, the optimal modulator bias point for the coherent system is π, or the null point of the modulator. We also propose and demonstrate through simulation a transmitter side digital signal processing technique including digital clipping and digital pre-distortion to compensate the nonlinearity induced by the OFDM peak-to-average power ratio effect and Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). Furthermore, we conduct analysis on the study of nonlinearity and dynamic range for a CO-OFDM receiver induced by the imbalance between the two ports of a balanced receiver. The input power dynamic range and tolerance to the relative-intensity-noise (RIN) are analyzed for the coherent balanced-receiver. / We then explore the transmission performance for high speed wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) CO-OFDM systems with up to 1Tb/s per channel data rate under the impact of fiber nonlinearity. We find that the optimum fiber launch power increases almost linearly with the increase of data rate. A 7 dB optimum launch power difference is observed between 107-Gb/s and 1.07-Tb/s CO-OFDM systems. We also investigate the dispersion compensation fiber impact and filter concatenation effect issues when upgrading the 10-Gb/s to the future 100-Gb/s CO-OFDM systems. We identify three contributions to the Q degradation for the inline dispersion compensated WDM systems. We show that due to the high spectral efficiency, 100-Gb/s CO-OFDM signals have very high tolerance to the filter narrowing effect, and are resilient to the group ripples from the filter concatenation effect.

L'orientation des telecommunications vers les hauts-debits fait de la technique de modulation OFDM l'un des centres d'intérêts privilégies de la recherche actuelle. Cette technique basée sur le principe d'orthogonalité des "filtres" réalisant la modulation ne nécessite pas d'égalisation a proprement parler, mais requiert une estimation de la réponse fréquentielle du canal pour chaque symbole transmis. Les contextes de propagation rencontres aujourd'hui en communications mobiles a hauts debits peuvent s'avérer extrêmement difficiles a estimer précisément. Nous proposons dans cet mémoire de thèse deux méthodes d'estimation de canal très sélectif en temps et en fréquence bases sur le critère du Maximum a Posteriori traitant le signal reçu par blocs. Ces algorithmes reposent sur un modèle de canal obtenu suivant la decomposition orthogonale de la matrice d'auto corrélation du canal selon le théorème de decomposition orthogonale de Karhunen¬Loève. Nous présenterons également les performances de ces nouvelles techniques comparées a celles de méthodes classiques d'estimation de canal ainsi que la robustesse de ces techniques a l'erreur d'estimation des statistiques du canal.

In this thesis, two signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) estimators are analyzed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with imperfect synchronization. The two SNR estimators under investigation are the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the second- and fourth-order moments estimator (MME). Mathematical analysis shows that the performance of MME is not affected by the advanced timing offset while a fixed bias of MLE is induced. Mathematical analysis also shows that the same frequency offset induces different bias for the two estimators under investigation. Finally, a novel carrier frequency offset and timing offset tracking scheme based on SNR estimation is proposed in this thesis.

This dissertation investigates the assumption of channel reciprocity in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using time-division duplex (TDD) access. Within TDD systems uplink and downlink transmission share the same channel, and so channel state at the transmitter (CSIT) can be inherently obtained through uplink channel estimation assuming that the channel is reciprocal and static over a few packet transmissions. For both closed-loop SISO-OFDM (single-input single-output) and MIMO-OFDM (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, the availability of CSIT enables the transmitter to apply adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) to improve throughput or signal processing and precoding algorithms in order to obtain a spatial diversity and/or multiplexing gain. This results in improved performance as compared to open-loop MIMO systems in which the channel state is not known at the transmitter. However, signi cant deviations between transmitter and receiver channel state information may result in degradation of performance, as precoding at the transmitter will be based on erroneous channel state information. In this work, we observe the assumption of channel reciprocity using a real-time OFDM-PHY FPGA prototype wireless communications system and we look at possible factors that contribute to deviations between uplink and downlink channel estimates. We also look at common linear precoding schemes to compensate for channel non-reciprocity. Of all the possible factors that contribute to channel reciprocity deviations, we nd that the dominant factor comes from imperfections in the RF front-end components which result in signi cant channel phase response deviations across subcarriers between the uplink and downlink.

This dissertation investigates the assumption of channel reciprocity in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using time-division duplex (TDD) access. Within TDD systems uplink and downlink transmission share the same channel, and so channel state at the transmitter (CSIT) can be inherently obtained through uplink channel estimation assuming that the channel is reciprocal and static over a few packet transmissions. For both closed-loop SISO-OFDM (single-input single-output) and MIMO-OFDM (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, the availability of CSIT enables the transmitter to apply adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) to improve throughput or signal processing and precoding algorithms in order to obtain a spatial diversity and/or multiplexing gain. This results in improved performance as compared to open-loop MIMO systems in which the channel state is not known at the transmitter. However, signi cant deviations between transmitter and receiver channel state information may result in degradation of performance, as precoding at the transmitter will be based on erroneous channel state information. In this work, we observe the assumption of channel reciprocity using a real-time OFDM-PHY FPGA prototype wireless communications system and we look at possible factors that contribute to deviations between uplink and downlink channel estimates. We also look at common linear precoding schemes to compensate for channel non-reciprocity. Of all the possible factors that contribute to channel reciprocity deviations, we nd that the dominant factor comes from imperfections in the RF front-end components which result in signi cant channel phase response deviations across subcarriers between the uplink and downlink.

In this thesis, a precoding scheme is proposed for channel estimation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The precoding scheme utilizes a special code matrix before the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) at the transmitter. The row vectors of the matrix have constant amplitudes in both time domain and frequency domain. With the prcoding scheme, a semi-blind channel estimation method is proposed by using the characteristics of the row code sequences. In the proposed scheme, the channel frequency responses of all sub-carriers can be obtained by using only one pilot sub-carrier, and the proposed architecture can not only increase the data rate, but also avoid interpolation error in channel estimation. In addition, the normalized mean square error (NMSE) function is derived and parameters are optimized to improve system performance. The proposed precoding architecture and channel estimation scheme are shown to have better performances in bit error rate by conducting computer simulation experiments.

In this thesis, a modified Kalman filter is proposed for time varying channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The proposed scheme adopts pre-coding scheme and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer to improve system performance. By using pre-coding schemes, information can be protected by signal diversities, which prevent Kalman filter to disperse due to erroneous data signals. In this investigation, the proposed system architecture is verified by using simulation experiments. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes substantially improve system performances under verious channel conditions.

In this thesis, a joint symbol timing and carrier frequency offset estimator is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The estimator exploits both redundancy in the cyclic prefix and pilot symbols for channel estimation. The proposed scheme includes a transparent sequence that is added to the OFDM symbol in frequency domain. Comparing with conventional methods, the proposed architecture has the advantage of better bandwidth usage since it does not require extra sub-carriers. The PAPR problem can be suppressed due to constant envelope property of the added sequence in time domain. Moreover, the optimal power allocation ratio of the transparent sequence is determined by minimizing the bit error rate of the system using simulation experiments.

Η διαμόρφωση με πολύπλεξη συχνότητας ορθογωνίων φερουσών (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing - OFDM) είναι μια μέθοδος η οποία εξασφαλίζει άριστη αξιοποίηση του διαθέσιμου εύρους συχνοτήτων, ενώ παράλληλα παρέχει τα πλεονεκτήματα της μετάδοσης μέσω πολλαπλών φερουσών (multicarrier transmission). Το σημαντικότερο χαρακτηριστικό της είναι ότι επιτρέπει τη μετάδοση μέσω επιλεκτικών στη συχνότητα καναλιών χρησιμοποιώντας απλές διαδικασίες ισοστάθμισης. Το χαρακτηριστικό αυτό συνέβαλε στην εδραίωσή της ως μία από τις επικρατέστερες μεθόδους διαμόρφωσης για την υψηλού ρυθμού μετάδοση δεδομένων μέσω ασύρματων μέσων. Το αντικείμενο της εργασίας είναι η μελέτη αλγορίθμων και αρχιτεκτονικών για το συγχρονισμό σε ασύρματους τηλεπικοινωνιακούς δέκτες που στηρίζονται στη διαμόρφωση OFDM. Ο συγχρονισμός είναι μία διαδικασία η οποία αποτελεί ακρογωνιαίο λίθο για οποιοδήποτε τηλεπικοινωνιακό σύστημα. Ιδιαίτερα όμως για δέκτες OFDM, έχει εντοπιστεί ως ένας από τους σημαντικότερους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την απόδοση. Το πρόβλημα παρουσιάζει εξαιρετικό ενδιαφέρον, καθώς η φύση της διαμόρφωσης καθιστά απαγορευτική την εφαρμογή πολλών από τις μεθόδους που έχουν αναπτυχθεί για συστήματα μετάδοσης με μονή φέρουσα, ενώ παράλληλα θέτει νέες παραμέτρους στο πρόβλημα. Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε κατά την εκπόνηση της εργασίας περιλάμβανε σε πρώτη φάση τη μελέτη αλγοριθμικών λύσεων που έχουν προταθεί κατά καιρούς για το συγχρονισμό. Το ενδιαφέρον επικεντρώθηκε σε βασικές τεχνικές με ευρεία εφαρμοσιμότητα ενώ ο στόχος της ανάλυσης ήταν να γίνουν κατανοητές με διαισθητικό τρόπο, στοιχειώδεις ιδέες οι οποίες χρησιμοποιούνται κατά κόρον για την επίλυση του προβλήματος του συγχρονισμού. Κατά τη δεύτερη φάση έγινε μια μελέτη γύρω από τις λεπτομέρειες που σχετίζονται με την υλοποίηση ορισμένων από τους αλγορίθμους συγχρονισμού σε επίπεδο αρχιτεκτονικής VLSI. Το ενδιαφέρον επικεντρώθηκε σε μια αρχιτεκτονική μέσω της οποίας μπορεί να επιτευχθεί τυφλός συγχρονισμός για έναν ασύρματο δέκτη OFDM. Κατά την ανάλυση χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως βάση ένα αρκετά γενικό μοντέλο συστήματος OFDM βασικής ζώνης. Για την αξιολόγηση της αρχιτεκτονικής εκτελέστηκε ένα εκτενές σύνολο πειραμάτων, το οποίο είχε ως στόχο τον προσδιορισμό και την ποσοτικοποίηση των επιδόσεων τόσο για τη μονάδα συγχρονισμού, όσο και για το συνολικό τηλεπικοινωνιακό σύστημα. Από τα αποτελέσματα της πειραματικής διαδικασίας προέκυψαν πολύ ενδιαφέροντα συμπεράσματα για την ευαισθησία της τεχνικής OFDM σε σφάλματα συγχρονισμού καθώς επίσης και για την πολυπλοκότητα υλοποίησης της μονάδας συγχρονισμού. / The summary is not available.

Doctor of Philosophy / The next generation mobile networks are expected to provide multimedia applications with a high quality of service. On the other hand, interference among multiple base stations (BS) that co-exist in the same location limits the capacity of wireless networks. In conventional wireless networks, the base stations do not cooperate with each other. The BSs transmit individually to their respective mobile stations (MS) and treat the transmission from other BSs as interference. An alternative to this structure is a network cooperation structure. Here, BSs cooperate with other BSs to simultaneously transmit to their respective MSs using the same frequency band at a given time slot. By doing this, we significantly increase the capacity of the networks. This thesis presents novel research results on a noncooperative transmission scheme and a cooperative transmission scheme for multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM). We first consider the performance limit of a noncooperative transmission scheme. Here, we propose a method to reduce the interference and increase the throughput of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in co-working wireless local area networks (WLANs) by using joint adaptive multiple antennas(AMA) and adaptive modulation (AM) with acknowledgement (ACK) Eigen-steering. The calculation of AMA and AM are performed at the receiver. The AMA is used to suppress interference and to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The AM scheme is used to allocate OFDM sub-carriers, power, and modulation mode subject to the constraints of power, discrete modulation, and the bit error rate (BER). The transmit weights, the allocation of power, and the allocation of sub-carriers are obtained at the transmitter using ACK Eigen-steering. The derivations of AMA, AM, and ACK Eigen-steering are shown. The performance of joint AMA and AM for various AMA configurations is evaluated through the simulations of BER and spectral efficiency (SE) against SIR. To improve the performance of the system further, we propose a practical cooperative transmission scheme to mitigate against the interference in co-working WLANs. Here, we consider a network coordination among BSs. We employ Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP), joint transmit-receive beamforming based on SINR (signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio) maximization, and an adaptive precoding order to eliminate co-working interference and achieve bit error rate (BER) fairness among different users. We also consider the design of the system when partial channel state information (CSI) (where each user only knows its own CSI) and full CSI (where each user knows CSI of all users) are available at the receiver respectively. We prove analytically and by simulation that the performance of our proposed scheme will not be degraded under partial CSI. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms both the existing noncooperative and cooperative transmission schemes. A method to design a spectrally efficient cooperative downlink transmission scheme employing precoding and beamforming is also proposed. The algorithm eliminates the interference and achieves symbol error rate (SER) fairness among different users. To eliminate the interference, Tomlinson Harashima precoding (THP) is used to cancel part of the interference while the transmit-receive antenna weights cancel the remaining one. A new novel iterative method is applied to generate the transmit-receive antenna weights. To achieve SER fairness among different users and further improve the performance of MIMO systems, we develop algorithms that provide equal SINR across all users and order the users so that the minimum SINR for each user is maximized. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms existing cooperative transmission schemes in terms of the SER performance and complexity and approaches an interference free performance under the same configuration. We could improve the performance of the proposed interference cancellation further. This is because the proposed interference cancellation does not consider receiver noise when calculating the transmit-receive weight antennas. In addition, the proposed scheme mentioned above is designed specifically for a single-stream multi-user transmission. Here, we employ THP precoding and an iterative method based on the uplink-downlink duality principle to generate the transmit-receive antenna weights. The algorithm provides an equal SINR across all users. A simpler method is then proposed by trading off the complexity with a slight performance degradation. The proposed methods are extended to also work when the receiver does not have complete Channel State Informations (CSIs). A new method of setting the user precoding order, which has a much lower complexity than the VBLAST type ordering scheme but with almost the same performance, is also proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes considerably outperform existing cooperative transmission schemes in terms of SER performance and approach an interference free performance. In all the cooperative transmission schemes proposed above, we use THP to cancel part of the interference. In this thesis, we also consider an alternative approach that bypasses the use of THP. The task of cancelling the interference from other users now lies solely within the transmit-receive antenna weights. We consider multiuser Gaussian broadcast channels with multiple antennas at both transmitter and receivers. An iterative multiple beamforming (IMB) algorithm is proposed, which is flexible in the antenna configuration and performs well in low to moderate data rates. Its capacity and bit error rate performance are compared with the ones achieved by the traditional zero-forcing method.