With the retreat of the state under neoliberalism, the lack of (or negligible) government and non-governmental support reasserts grassroots initiatives as a global-change strategy. A feminist political ecology approach and the concept of adverse inclusion were used to facilitate an analysis of social differences shaping local-level adaptive responses. Adaptive responses of small farmers in the border village of San Ignacio, Sonora, Mexico, who are increasingly vulnerable to climate change, water scarcity, and changing labor markets were studied. Gender differences in production sites translate into diverse vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies. Local capacities and initiatives should be a focus of research and policy to avoid viewing women and men as passive in the face of global change. The dynamic strategies of San Ignacio women and men in home gardens and small orchards hold lessons for other regions particularly related to adaptation to climate change via agrobiodiversity, water resource management, and diversified agricultural livelihoods.

Thesis (Ph. D. (soil science))--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Graduate

This study examined the exposure of the Eastern Screech-owl (Otus asio) to contaminants in apple orchards of southern Quebec. Using a worstcase scenario approach, secondary exposure to three organophosphorus insecticides, (phosmet, azinphosmethyl and phosalone), two anticoagulant rodenticides, (chlorophacinone and diphacinone), and residues of previously applied organochlorines, particularly DDT and metabolites, was assessed. Exposure to PCBs and trace metals was also considered. Small mammal species preyed upon by Screech-owls were captured in orchards for residue analysis on a continual basis for persistent compounds or after insecticide and rodenticide applications. Beginning in the winter of 2000, 98 nest boxes were constructed and installed in woods inhabited by Screech-owls, adjacent to orchards. These boxes were then repeatedly inspected for pellets and prey remains. Estimated exposure of Screech-owls 0-60 hr post-application was 0.641 mg/kg for phosmet and azinphosmethyl and 0.401 mg/kg for phosalone. Exposure to phosmet at this level may warrant concern. The acute poison zinc phosphide is now the primary means of small mammal control in the study area and the possibility of exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides is diminishing. Observed DDE residues were most elevated in the short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) and ranged from <1.00 to 26.29 ug/g (wet wt) in whole-body pools. A Screech-owl egg found in a nest box between two orchards may have been thinned by as much as 19.8%, of concern because thinning maintained at 15.0 - 20.0% has been linked to population decline. Only background levels of PCBs and trace metals were detected. Finally, over 950 Screech-owl case files were also obtained from one Canadian and seven United States wildlife rehabilitation facilities and analyzed for evidence that pesticide exposure was an underlying or contributing cause of admissions.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Daily daylight fertigation regimes (involvinq drip fertigation, on a daily basis, during the daylight hours) are becoming widely used in the South African citrus industry in the endeavor to enhance tree productivity. Such regimes could provide sensitive nutrient and moisture management, reducing plant stress in general as well as the response time to root-directed cultural activities. There is a need to evaluate the efficacy of daily daylight fertigation systems relative to conventional irrigation systems. Standard horticultural evaluation of orchard management practices is very time consuming. We opted for physiological studies comparing plant stress levels, in an attempt to quantify plant performance under each system. Citrus trees under daily daylight fertigation and conventional micro-jet and drip-irrigated regimes were monitored to establish plant stress levels as indicated by sap flow, xylem water potential, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Plants under a daily daylight fertigation regime are believed to have good soil water conditions in their rooting volume, and therefore experience negligible baseline levels of stress. The trees do, however, experience midday depression in stomatal conductance, to a lesser degree, but not unlike trees under conventional regimes. It appears as if a larger rooting volume of microjet irrigation regimes enhances recovery from the midday depression. It is recommended that producers optimise productivity during the moming hours, by early irrigation, so that plants can function optimally, whilst environmental conditions are most favourable for high physiological activity. We also assessed the effect of withholding water from trees adapted to a daily daylight fertigation regime to evaluate the risk involved with short-term water deficits in trees adapted to this regime, as well as the usefulness of physiological techniques for identifying water stress. Stomatal conductance and xylem water potential indicated water stress sooner than the other physiological parameters. Citrus trees seem to be relatively insensitive to water deficit stress as measured by sap flow and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Sap flow is buffered by tree capacitance, and although mediated via stomatal conductance, atmospheric conditions and not the soil water content primarily determine it. As daily fertigation is applied to trees under DOF regimes, they exhibit more optimal levels of xylem water potential and stomatal conductance, compared to trees from which water is withheld. Although alleviating it to a degree, daily irrigation did not mitigate the midday depression in these values. Seen over a season, even small enhancements of stomatal conductance (and with it photosynthesis and possibly, growth) and xylem water potential, could incrementally produce higher yields. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die strewe na verhoogde boomproduktiwiteit, word daaglikse sproeibemesting (deur 'n drupbesproeiingsstelsel toegedien tydens die dagligure) al meer algemeen in die Suid Afrikaanse sitrusbedryf gebruik. Hierdie praktyk verminder algemene plantstres deur baie spesifieke voedingsen vogbeheer, en verkort ook die plant se reaksietyd op wortelgerigte bewerkingsaktiwiteite. Dit is nodig om die relatiewe voordeel van daaglikse sproeibemesting teenoor konvensionele besproeiingssisteme te evalueer. Huidige tuinboukundige evaluering van boord-bestuurspraktyke is baie tydrowend. In 'n poging om plantreaksie onder verskillende praktyke te beskryf, het ons besluit om die plantstresvlakke met fisiologiese metodes te vergelyk. Sitrusbome onder daaglikse sproeibemesting, en konvensionele mikro- en drupbesproeiing, is onderskeidelik gemonitor om die plant se stresvlakke vas te stel, soos aangedui deur sapvloei, xileem-waterpotensiaal, stomatale geleiding en chlorofil a f1uoresensie. Die plante onder daaglikse sproeibemesting ondervind lae viakkke van waterstremming, waarskynlik weens hoë grondvogtigheid in die wortelsone. Die bome ondervind wel, soos dié onder konvensionele besproeiing, middagdepressie in stomatale geleiding, hoewel tot 'n mindere mate. Dit blyk asof die groter wortelvolume van mikrospuit besproeide bome die herstel na middagdepressie bespoedig. Produsente word aangeraai om die oggendure optimaal te gebruik deur vroeg te besproei sodat plantproduktiwiteit hoog is terwyl die omgewingsfaktore op hul gunstigste is en wanneer die hoogste fisiologiese aktiwiteit voorkom. Ons het ook die effek van wateronthouding gemeet op die bome wat aangepas is vir daaglikse sproeibemesting. Sodoende is die risiko verbonde aan 'n korttermyn watertekort op hierdie bome ge-evalueer, asook die bruikbaarheid van fisiologiese tegnieke om waterstremming in sitrus te identifiseer. Stomatale geleiding en xileem-waterpotensiaal het waterstremming vroëer aangedui as die ander fisiologiese parameters. Sitrusbome blyk redelik onsensitief te wees teenoor droogtestremming soos gemeet deur sapvloei en chlorofil a fluoresensie. Sapvloei word gebuffer deur boom-kapasitansie, en alhoewel sapvloei gereguleer word deur stomatale geleiding, is dit die atmosferiese toestande (hoofsaaklik dampdruk verskil) wat dit primêr beïnvloed, en nie die grond-water inhoud nie. Omdat bome daagliks sproeibemes word, het hulle meer optimale vlakke van xileemwaterpotensiaal en stomatale geleiding in vergelyking met bome waarvan water weerhou is. Alhoewel daaglikse sproeibemesting die middagdepressie verlaag het, is dit nie daardeur opgelos nie. Oor die typerk van 'n seisoen kan selfs minimale verhogings in stomatale geleiding (en daarmeesaam fotosintese en moontlik groei) en xileem-waterpotensiaal, hoër opbrengste tot gevolg hê.

La propuesta describe los aspectos necesarios para desarrollar un negocio sobre el autocultivo a partir de la venta de huertos verticales para hogares en el Perú, en la ciudad de Lima. El proyecto busca fomentar el consumo saludable de insumos naturales a partir de la propia elaboración, buscando comodidad y reducción de costos para los hogares que deseen hacer uso de este producto. Se llega al público objetivo a través de campañas de marketing enfocadas en el uso de redes sociales reflejadas en el incremento de ventas a partir del segundo y tercer año. Asimismo, se realizará con énfasis en rede sociales como Instagram y Facebook las cuales engloban desde jóvenes hasta amas de casas, lo cual permite cubrir eficazmente el público objetivo, los cuales son los hogares limeños. Respecto al pronóstico de ventas, según cifras de Euromonitor, se espera que la industria de jardinería y consumo orgánico incremente a partir del 2020 por un periodo mayor a 10 años. Esto permite que la empresa apueste por ventas a gran escala y con una tasa de crecimiento atractiva. Finalmente, el valor actual neto de la empresa asciende a aproximadamente S/ 841 221, lo cual significa que la empresa es rentable. Asimismo, enfocándose en los indicadores para el accionista o tasa COK ascenderá a 10.38% siendo el WACC igual porque la empresa no cuenta con un endeudamiento financiero. Gracias al análisis de flujo de caja elaborado, se puede observar que la empresa genera ganancias desde el primer año. / This proposal describes the necessary aspects to carry out a business on self-cultivation from the sale of vertical gardens for homes in Lima, Peru. The project seeks to promote the healthy consumption of natural inputs from the preparation itself, seeking comfort and reducing costs for households that wish to use this product. The target audience will be reached through marketing campaigns focused purely on the use of social networks, all online. These are reflected in the increase in sales from the second and third year. Likewise, it will be carried out with an emphasis on social networks such as Instagram and Facebook, which range from young people to housewives, which allows effective coverage of the target audience, which are Lima households. Regarding the company's sales forecast, according to Euromonitor, the gardening and organic consumption industry is expected to increase from 2020 for a period of more than 10 years. This allows the company from its inception to bet on a large-scale sale with an attractive growth rate, which will be reflected in sales. Finally, the net present value of the company amounts to approximately S / 841 221, which means that the company is profitable. Likewise, the COK will rise to 10.38%, the WACC being the same because the company does not have financial indebtedness. Finally, due to the elaborated cash flow analysis, it can be seen that the company generates profits from the first year. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad el desarrollo e implementación de un modelo de negocio escalable capaz de desafiar el mercado peruano mediante las diversas estrategias basadas en alianzas con los socios claves y aprovechamiento de los medios digitales. Se trata de un emprendimiento llamado Grow It que busca fomentar hábitos para llevar una vida saludable, para ello los usuarios tendrán una experiencia de cultivo desde la comodidad de su hogar. Este ofrecerá biohuertos domésticos adaptables al espacio con el que se cuente en casa y con semillas de fácil cuidado. El proyecto en mención tiene como finalidad reemplazar el proceso de compra estándar a acceder a un estilo de vida saludable al cual se podrá acceder sin tener que salir de casa. Para ello, estará dirigido a mujeres y hombres, de cualquier estado civil, entre 25-55 años con NSE A y B que les gusta tener un estilo de vida saludable, que consumen alimentos orgánicos y les interesa la idea de contar con un minihuerto en su hogar y desarrollar una experiencia de cultivo en casa. Para el análisis de viabilidad de propuesta se realizaron diversos experimentos para sustentar la propuesta de negocio y su rentabilidad. Asimismo, se realizaron validaciones de la venta de biohuertos e interacciones con el cliente por medio de sus redes sociales. Se recibió una potencial acogida a la propuesta innovadora, ya que se observó que varias personas estaban interesadas en tener esta experiencia única de cultivo en su hogar. Por último, el valor actual de la empresa asciende a un total de S/152,768.93, esto indica que el proyecto es rentable. Respecto al período de recupero de inversión, se estima que será en el año 2 en el mes de abril. Asimismo, de acuerdo con el flujo de caja libre, se puede analizar que desde el primer año se obtendrán ganancias. / The present project has the proposal of develop and implement a scalable business that could be able to challenge the Peruvian market through many strategies bases in alliances with the different partners like suppliers, clients and others stakeholders, and also, taking advantage of the different networking that now a days we have. It´s about an entrepreneurship calling Grow It, which the principal aim is to foment and increase the healthy nutrition in the population giving to them a harvest experience from their own home. Grow It, offer domestics orchards adaptable to the space of the different houses and apartments that every consumer has and also, the seeds that we offer are easier to care that the usual. Likewise, this product gives to the consumer the possibility to have their own vegetables and fruits without the necessity to go out and at the same time, it allows to maintain a healthy life and nutrition. The target market will be women and men with anyone civil status, that are between 25 to 55 years old, are in the A or B socio-economic level and they like or are interesting in maintain a healthy life and want to have a cropping experience in their house. For the viability analysis, the group designed and did different experiments to support the idea and the profitability of our project. Besides, we did validations of the purchase attempt and the final sales with the backing of our social networks: Facebook and Instagram. The project received a potential reception of the proposal because many people that are part of the target market send us direct messages asking for the price, how does the product works and other aspects. Finally, the Net Present Value of the project it´s S/152,768.93. This means, that Grow It generate value in the market. Also, the payback will be in the year 2, on April. In the same way, according to the Cash Flow, we will obtain profits since year 1. / Trabajo de investigación

ABSTRACT In this book-length poem, The Orchard Green And Every Color, the material eye becomes lingual, forging Vision from the consequential glintings of solid light through the many-colored world. Following a notational mode that foregrounds clarity which splits apart at its limits, its language attempts to be astonished before the intelligence of images and the capacity of the mind to move in step with them, even as saying and seeing run in counterpoint to one another at varying speeds in its early sections, concluding in a series of prose poems that move on the thin ice of repeated syntax. This thesis seeks to prove that poems provide more than an example of a world-weary or language-damaged individual consciousness but function as a type of sensory organ for echolocating one’s way through the world.

No description available.

The general objective of this investigation was to implement and strengthen family orchards for the diversification of the diet and improvement of the consumption of vegetables and fruits available in the communities of the Rinconada and Cuambo. They collaborated in the implementation and strengthening of the family orchards and by means of focal group techniques determined the readiness, seasonal variance, and alimentary habits of the available vegetables and fruits. They made 10 nutritive preparations in each community in participating shops with the foods that were harvested in the orchards and with the help of consistent educational material as 2 three-page leaflets about the “Importanceâ of Iron in the Daily Dietâ and el Importance of Vitamin A in the Daily Diet, mothers were trained. Among the principle results they were able to determine that the women were very interested in having family orchards, since it allowed them to have fresh vegetables without the need of going to the market. The majority of families have gardens and orchards for both vegetables and fruits. In the community of the Rinconada they cultivate yellow carrot, chard, cabbage, and onion. In the community of Cuambo, tomato kidney, pepper, onion paitena, and pickle any time of the year are cultivated. Families from the Rinconada have more orchards with fruit than those of the Cuambo which produce tree tomato, taxo, and blackberries. In Cuambo they produce banana, papaya, watermelon, mango, lime, avocado, guava and custard apple. The vegetables and fruits most ready, determined through focal groups, are the same ones that are produced in the orchards and families from both communities donât have the habit of buying vegetables in the market. In Rinconada, the cultivations are seasonal and the surpluses of the harvests are wasted because they have not applied appropriate elaboration and conservation techniques. All the families in the communities investigated like all the vegetables and fruits that they harvest in their family gardens, the vegetables preferably added to soups and very little to salads. The majority of mothers in these communities know that these foods are important to eat every day if they want to grow strong and prevent illness. However, these mothers donât know how to prepare, for which reason they proceeded to prepare recipes that were adapted to the habits and tastes of the consumers, the same ones that were accepted in the communities, this action helped to increase the consumption of vegetables in the different times of eating, like in lunch and dinner in the two communities, where few families eat breakfast. The consumption of fruits is minimal in Rinconada, and in Cuambo the situation improves as long as they consume it during different times of eating.