<p>This thesis describes some new methods for analysis oforganic trace components from air and water by gaschromatography. The work is particularly focused on thedevelopment of new technologies for analyte enrichment, usingsorbent-based concepts. Short lengths of open tubular columnswere examined for their potential use as denuders.Polydimethylsiloxane-based stationary phases as well as anadsorbent-based column were evaluated in an equilibrium mode oftrapping. For the analytes selected, detection levels in theppb range were obtained (Paper I).</p><p>A new, fully automated set-up for analysis of organic tracecomponents in aqueous samples has been developed (Paper II).The work combines specific advantages of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology and stir bar sorptive extractionconcept. Ultra trace components, down to 0.1 ppt could bedetected. Finally a simple method for preparation a new type ofultra thick film open tubular trap is described (Paper III).The traps are characterized by an irregular coating, and it wasdemonstrated that the performance characteristics of thesetraps were practically as good as of traps with a smooth,regular coating. The technology can be utilized in many areas,e.g. environmental monitoring, process analysis and otherfields dealing with analysis of trace organic volatiles ingaseous samples.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Organic trace components, volatiles, denuders,sorbent trapping, thick film trapping, open tubular traps,SPME, automation, water analysis, gas analysis, environmentalanalysis.</p>

Is social media a human right? The first of July 2018 the Ugandan government implemented a new tax on social media, called “Over-The-Top” tax which includes over 60 social media platforms. The tax needs to be paid before entering the social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and Whatsapp. The tax can be paid through a daily, weekly, monthly or through a fee every year. The reason for the tax according to the president Yoweri Museveni is to boost the government revenue and to end “lugambo”, gossip on social media. The aim of this thesis is to analyze whether the tax is violating human right and specially freedom of speech. The hypothesis of the thesis is that the OTT-tax is a cumbrance to people’s right to freedom of speech. The thesis concludes that freedom of speech is a negative right which means freedom from state influence. African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights(ACHPR) and the Banjul charter is defining freedom of speech such as every individual shall have the right to receive information, right to expression and to disseminate his opinion. ACHPR has also chosen to get inspiration from the UN which has established that internet is included in freedom of speech, rights which exists offline shall also exists online. Social media has served as an important tool throughout different occasion such as the #Metoo campaign, Arabic spring and through domestic´s events in Uganda as “Save Mabire” and #FreeBobiWine. Through argumentation analysis are the arguments for and against OTT-tax reviewed to verify or falsify the thesis hypothesis and the question formulation. The thesis concludes that the president´s arguments are neither solid or evidence-based and can thereby not falsify the hypothesis. The arguments against the OTT-tax are however solid and evidence-based and gets support from international law, therefore confirms the thesis hypothesis. The thesis concludes that there is a restriction on freedom of speech due to the OTT-tax since less people are able to access social media after the introduction of the tax.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Augsburg, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 483-514) and indexes.

This thesis describes some new methods for analysis oforganic trace components from air and water by gaschromatography. The work is particularly focused on thedevelopment of new technologies for analyte enrichment, usingsorbent-based concepts. Short lengths of open tubular columnswere examined for their potential use as denuders.Polydimethylsiloxane-based stationary phases as well as anadsorbent-based column were evaluated in an equilibrium mode oftrapping. For the analytes selected, detection levels in theppb range were obtained (Paper I). A new, fully automated set-up for analysis of organic tracecomponents in aqueous samples has been developed (Paper II).The work combines specific advantages of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technology and stir bar sorptive extractionconcept. Ultra trace components, down to 0.1 ppt could bedetected. Finally a simple method for preparation a new type ofultra thick film open tubular trap is described (Paper III).The traps are characterized by an irregular coating, and it wasdemonstrated that the performance characteristics of thesetraps were practically as good as of traps with a smooth,regular coating. The technology can be utilized in many areas,e.g. environmental monitoring, process analysis and otherfields dealing with analysis of trace organic volatiles ingaseous samples. <b>Keywords:</b>Organic trace components, volatiles, denuders,sorbent trapping, thick film trapping, open tubular traps,SPME, automation, water analysis, gas analysis, environmentalanalysis. / NR 20140805

Les services de distribution de contenus évoluent rapidement. Un axe majeur d’évolution concerne la fédération de distributeurs de contenus distincts mettant ensemble leurs ressources respectives et agissant en tant qu’entité unique par rapport aux fournisseurs de contenus (Content Providers). En particulier, nous proposons une solution technique basée sur une architecture centralisée qui permet de prendre des décisions statiques d’établissement et de provisionnement de fédérations ainsi que des décisions de contrôle dynamique de fédérations établies. Nous adressons les aspects statiques de prise de décision en introduisant un modèle d’optimisation que nous appliquons à différents scénarios de fédération d’intérêt pour le marché. Nous démontrons que, quand la demande sur le marché de distribution de contenu est élevée, les distributeurs de contenus ont intérêt, d’un point de vue économique, à fédérer. Dans le contexte de contrôle dynamique de fédérations, nous nous focalisons sur le contrôle d’événements de pointe (peak events) dans une fédération de distributeurs de contenus. Différentes approches de contrôle sont valables à ce niveau. Nous effectuons des simulations basées sur des traces de trafic réelles dans le but de comparer les différentes approches. Nous démontrons que, quand une approche jointe de contrôle d’événements de pointe est adoptée au sein d’une fédération, la fédération réagit mieux à ces événements. Ceci se traduit en un moindre volume de sessions rejetées et en une meilleure résolution vidéo ressentie par les internautes. Notre travail sur la fédération nous conduit à se focaliser sur le rôle d’un Telco dans un contexte fédéré. / Content Distribution Services are evolving fast in various directions. One of them is the federation of CDNs, referring to a number of CDN providers putting together their assets and acting as a single entity with regards to content providers. We introduce a technical solution based on a centralized architecture that allows taking static decisions of federation establishment and provisioning and dynamic decisions of federation control. Static decision-making is enabled through an optimization model that we apply to concrete use cases of federation. We demonstrate that, in case of high market demand, CDN providers always have an interest in federating. In particular, some CDN providers can double their economic gains through federating. In the context of federation dynamic control, we focus on the control of peak events within a federation of CDNs and we introduce different control frameworks at this level. We conduct trace-driven simulations in order to assess different frameworks. We demonstrate that, when a joint approach for events control is adopted within a federation of CDNs, the federation is better resilient to peak events. This translates into a higher hit ratio of the federation and a better video resolution witnessed by end users. Our work on CDN federation leads us to focus on the role of a Telco in this context. In particular, we identify three added-value services that can be proposed by a Telco to a federation of CDNs or to individual Over the Tops (OTTs).We suggest enhancements of the Telco control infrastructure and new Telco APIs in order to enable the proposed services.

No description available.

This study examines how diverse types of content and media affect the users’ engagement with the Instagram accounts of OTT companies. The usage of Instagram as a marketing tool has increased over the years. This highlight's the importance of a company's ability to understand what their users like and will engage with. With the growth and development of sports streaming services, such as OTT platforms, a knowledge gap has formed on how these companies should best use social media to connect with current and future customers. A study was conducted, using mostly a quantitative research method, measuring the amount of ‘likes’ and ‘comments’ on the Instagram accounts of OTT companies on all their posts during 2021. To get more information about the consumers engagement habits, qualitative research was conducted on the comments. Neither of the selected company’s accounts had a high number of comments on their Instagram and they did not respond to the few comments they got. The results of the study were then implemented based on the information architecture model using the three primary pillars: content, context, and users. The study showed that entertainment, in combination with information about the service, engaged the greatest number of consumers. However, one of the companies in this study posted a lot of content that did not engage consumers since it was perceived as advertising. Content that is perceived as advertising should therefore not take up most of the feed on Instagram. The study shows us the importance of knowing what content is relevant, what type of context it is posted within, and what the users engage with.

The Rich Communication Service (RCS) aims to be the default messaging protocol in mobile devices. The native integration of RCS opens up the possibility of RCS chatbots replacing single-purpose apps. This report analyzes this possibility through in-depth experimentation of the chatbot functionality, followed by user testing of the chatbot features. The report found that the RCS chatbot could replace mobile applications since many solve a specific task and follow a closed-loop system. The report also identified RCS as a solution to the accumulated unused apps users have on their mobile devices. This report also attempts to fill the research gap on the current situation of RCS and the reasons behind the different rollout rates of RCS globally. The examination of interviews with RCS stakeholders was the basis of a stakeholder analysis. This analysis found that the Mobile Network Operators have different standings regarding RCS. Some see potential, and some see issues with RCS hindering the global rollout. Furthermore, the reluctance from Apple and the high involvement of Google are reviewed and contrasted with the answers from the interviews. / Rich Communication Service (RCS) siktar på att bli det nya standardprotokollet för att skicka meddelanden mellan mobiler. RCS potentiella integration i mobilens egna meddelande applikation öppnar upp för möjligheten att RCS- chatbotar även kan ersätta enklare appar med begränsade användningsområden. Denna rapport undersöker den här möjligheten genom experimenterande med chatbotens funktionalitet följt av användartester på chatbotens olika funktioner. Rapporten fann att chatboten i RCS har goda möjligheter att ersätta enklare mobila applikationer då många löser specifika uppgifter som följer ett system med en sluten slinga. Rapporten identifierade även RCS som en lösning till den mängd oanvända appar som användare har i sina mobiler. Denna rapport försöker även fylla det forskningsgap som finns angående RCS nuvarande situation och anledningarna till de olika adoptionshastigheterna i världen. Granskning av de intervjuer som hölls med olika intressenter på marknaden blev grunden för den intressentanalys som presenteras. Denna analys visade att teleoperatörer har olika ställningar gentemot RCS. Vissa ser potential medan andra främst ser problem vilket hindrar spridningen av RCS. Dessutom analyserades Apples ovilja att anamma RCS samt Googles

No description available.

網路和行動科技的發展，促使全球進入OTT服務時代，職業運動產業亦深受影響。中華職棒於2014年成立CPBL TV，成為台灣職棒OTT服務之先驅；隨後發生電視轉播權爭議，下半季起改由球隊各自尋找轉播單位，各球隊並於2015年開始陸續與網路平台合作，建立球隊OTT服務。本研究運用運動媒體複合體的概念，探討在OTT服務時代下新媒體加入後，對該複合體中「運動－媒體－廣告」三角架構帶來何種變革，並分析運動組織及媒體如何看待在OTT服務時代下的中華職棒轉播權利市場，以及其因應策略。 本研究以深度訪談的方式，與八組中華職棒權利市場相關的受訪者進行訪談，試圖建構目前中華職棒轉播權利市場的輪廓，並輔以媒體報導、新聞稿等次級資料加以補充。研究發現，目前中華職棒各球隊除了與有線電視頻道業者保持密切轉播合作關係外，在網路轉播權利上，亦會考量球隊需求，包含轉播權利金、平台客群，與合適的網路平台簽訂轉播合約。然而在轉播內容上，網路OTT業者仍無法突破由有線電視頻道業者所掌握，製作賽事內容的能力，因此新媒體只能透過增加轉播隊數、自製節目內容、提升平台附加功能等服務上做出差異性。 從台灣職棒OTT服務發展來看，在運動媒體複合體的架構中，運動組織與媒體的角色儼然轉變，球隊受惠於網路科技，建置球隊媒體頻道／平台的門檻已大幅降低，提升其自主性。OTT業者將增加運動內容的投資，甚至轉型為以運動為主的媒體平台。然而，OTT服務發展仍受限於媒體的內容產製能力，在轉播權談判中球隊因此無法獲得太多自主空間。 / Along with the emergence of OTT service development in modern society, broadcasting rights market in Taiwanese professional baseball industry has changed radically. A broadcasting rights controversy occurred between Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) and international sports agency MP & Silva in 2014. This forced the baseball teams to seek for broadcasters by themselves. At the same time CPBL TV, the first formal OTT service in CPBL, was established, and thereby inspiring the teams to establish their own OTT service. This research employs the concept of Sports-Media Complex to analyze the impact of OTT service on Taiwanese professional broadcasting rights market. Methods include in-depth interviews and document analysis. Besides keeping partnership with cable television operators, teams also look for the suitable broadcast partners on the Internet platform. Broadcasting rights fees and the users are their concerns while signing contracts. Unlike cable television operators, OTT service providers are still unable to broadcast on scene..Therefore, OTT service providers can only make a difference by increasing the number of broadcast teams, enriching the content of self-made program and upgrading the platform's additional functions. To sum up, the role of sports organizations and the media has changed in the structure of Sports-Media Complex. Sports organizations nowadays intend to build their own media channels and platforms, enhancing their ability of autonomy. OTT service providers increase the investment of sports content, and create a sports-based media platform. However, each team’s autonomy and negotiation chips are still limited by their media production abilities.