As informações contidas em uma Base de Dados para projeto não são obtidas apenas cumulativamente, mas também através de refinamentos e mudanças sucessivas nas informações já disponíveis. Diversas pesquisas mostram-se preocupadas com este aspecto e propõem conceitos e mecanismos de controle de Versões que podem ser incorporados a Modelos de Bases de Dados Orientadas a Objetos. Alguns destes trabalhos, aqui estudados, focalizam o uso de Versões na evolução não apenas da Base de Dados Extensional (Instâncias), ou seja, nas informações colhidas do mundo real e utilizadas pelas aplicações, mas também sua utilização como um mecanismo eficiente de Evolução do Esquema de Dados (a Base de Dados Intencional). Com o objetivo principal de constituir um núcleo básico de conceitos e mecanismos que possam atender as mais variadas aplicações, este trabalho estabelece um Modelo de Versões apoiado no conceito de Objeto Composto e que permite uma correlação direta e transparente entre Versões de Instâncias e de Esquemas, ou seja, cada Versão na Base Extensional tem relação direta e única com a Versão da Base Intencional utilizada em sua instanciação. Adicionalmente, este trabalho estabelece um Meta-Modelo de Versões cujas especificações poderão direcionar as pesquisas de futuros Modelos de Versões, no sentido de apoiar a elaboração de Modelos de Versões sofisticados ou simples para aplicações específicas ou gerais, e também poderão ser utilizadas para o estabelecimento de mecanismos para a classificação e comparação de Modelos de Versões. / Data stored in project databases are obtained not only by the increasing inclusion of more and more data, but also through refinements and alterations into the already existent information. There are many works involving those subjects, studying concepts and control mechanisms to support data versioning in Object-Oriented Database Systems. Some of these works focus on the Version Control support in the stored data (the Extensional Database), aiming at recognizing and controlling the occurrence of many data versions from the same subject. Other works focus on the support of version control over the Data Schema (the Intentional Database), aiming at finding mechanisms that permit the recovery of different data structured in different ways from the same subject. This work presents a Version Model, based on the Composite Objects concept, providing a homogeneous support to Version Control in the Extensional and the Intentional Databases. In this model, the Extensional data is partitioned into Composite Objects, and the parts of each Object are interpreted with only one of several possible schemes that are used to instantiate the parts of objects of this kind. This Version Model was conceived to be useful to a broad range of application domains, deriving a set of concepts that had permitted to construct a Version Meta-Model. The Meta-Model is sufficiently generic to aid constructing elementary or complex Version Models, applied to generic or specific needs, and depicting mechanisms to aid the classification and comparison of existing or proposed Version Model.

Os Sistemas de Armazenamento e Comunicação de Imagens Médicas fornecem, para os físicos, médicos e técnicos de um centro de saúde, informações gráficas sobre vários aspectos envolvidos no diagnóstico de cada paciente. Atualmente, os exames médicos produzem uma grande quantidade de informação em função dos equipamentos médicos computadorizados, utilizados principalmente para se obter dados imagens internas dos pacientes. Este trabalho descreve os conceitos utilizados em Sistema de Banco de Dados Orientado a Objetos para manipular imagens medicas, de tal forma que possam ser recuperadas através de consultas, baseadas na descrição de seu conteúdo gráfico. A abordagem tradicional utiliza ícones e atributos textuais, armazenados juntamente com as imagens, para especificar as consultas. Este trabalho utiliza uma nova técnica de modelagem para definir o \"tipo de dado imagem\", que permite decidir, anteriormente à execução da consulta, os dados que possam ser significativos para cada imagem, no instante que esta é armazenada no Banco de Dados. Desta forma, a busca por uma determinada informação pode ser acelerada. durante a avaliação de uma consulta. / Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) applied in medical image storage provides graphical information of many aspects of the health, diseases and treatment of each patient for the physician and technicians of a health care center. Nowadays, medical exams can generate a large amount of data due to the computerized medical instruments used to collect the graphical information about the patients. This work describes the concepts used in an Object Oriented Data Base System to deal with medical images, so that it can be retrieved through queries based on the graphic contents of the stored images. The usual approach uses icons and textual attributes stored with the images to specify the queries. This work uses a novel modeling technique to define the \"image data type\", through which it is possible to decide, beforehand the query itself, the valuable data of each image when it is stored in the database, so the search can be accelerated when queries are issued.

As informações contidas em uma Base de Dados para projeto não são obtidas apenas cumulativamente, mas também através de refinamentos e mudanças sucessivas nas informações já disponíveis. Diversas pesquisas mostram-se preocupadas com este aspecto e propõem conceitos e mecanismos de controle de Versões que podem ser incorporados a Modelos de Bases de Dados Orientadas a Objetos. Alguns destes trabalhos, aqui estudados, focalizam o uso de Versões na evolução não apenas da Base de Dados Extensional (Instâncias), ou seja, nas informações colhidas do mundo real e utilizadas pelas aplicações, mas também sua utilização como um mecanismo eficiente de Evolução do Esquema de Dados (a Base de Dados Intencional). Com o objetivo principal de constituir um núcleo básico de conceitos e mecanismos que possam atender as mais variadas aplicações, este trabalho estabelece um Modelo de Versões apoiado no conceito de Objeto Composto e que permite uma correlação direta e transparente entre Versões de Instâncias e de Esquemas, ou seja, cada Versão na Base Extensional tem relação direta e única com a Versão da Base Intencional utilizada em sua instanciação. Adicionalmente, este trabalho estabelece um Meta-Modelo de Versões cujas especificações poderão direcionar as pesquisas de futuros Modelos de Versões, no sentido de apoiar a elaboração de Modelos de Versões sofisticados ou simples para aplicações específicas ou gerais, e também poderão ser utilizadas para o estabelecimento de mecanismos para a classificação e comparação de Modelos de Versões. / Data stored in project databases are obtained not only by the increasing inclusion of more and more data, but also through refinements and alterations into the already existent information. There are many works involving those subjects, studying concepts and control mechanisms to support data versioning in Object-Oriented Database Systems. Some of these works focus on the Version Control support in the stored data (the Extensional Database), aiming at recognizing and controlling the occurrence of many data versions from the same subject. Other works focus on the support of version control over the Data Schema (the Intentional Database), aiming at finding mechanisms that permit the recovery of different data structured in different ways from the same subject. This work presents a Version Model, based on the Composite Objects concept, providing a homogeneous support to Version Control in the Extensional and the Intentional Databases. In this model, the Extensional data is partitioned into Composite Objects, and the parts of each Object are interpreted with only one of several possible schemes that are used to instantiate the parts of objects of this kind. This Version Model was conceived to be useful to a broad range of application domains, deriving a set of concepts that had permitted to construct a Version Meta-Model. The Meta-Model is sufficiently generic to aid constructing elementary or complex Version Models, applied to generic or specific needs, and depicting mechanisms to aid the classification and comparison of existing or proposed Version Model.

Os Sistemas de Armazenamento e Comunicação de Imagens Médicas fornecem, para os físicos, médicos e técnicos de um centro de saúde, informações gráficas sobre vários aspectos envolvidos no diagnóstico de cada paciente. Atualmente, os exames médicos produzem uma grande quantidade de informação em função dos equipamentos médicos computadorizados, utilizados principalmente para se obter dados imagens internas dos pacientes. Este trabalho descreve os conceitos utilizados em Sistema de Banco de Dados Orientado a Objetos para manipular imagens medicas, de tal forma que possam ser recuperadas através de consultas, baseadas na descrição de seu conteúdo gráfico. A abordagem tradicional utiliza ícones e atributos textuais, armazenados juntamente com as imagens, para especificar as consultas. Este trabalho utiliza uma nova técnica de modelagem para definir o \"tipo de dado imagem\", que permite decidir, anteriormente à execução da consulta, os dados que possam ser significativos para cada imagem, no instante que esta é armazenada no Banco de Dados. Desta forma, a busca por uma determinada informação pode ser acelerada. durante a avaliação de uma consulta. / Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) applied in medical image storage provides graphical information of many aspects of the health, diseases and treatment of each patient for the physician and technicians of a health care center. Nowadays, medical exams can generate a large amount of data due to the computerized medical instruments used to collect the graphical information about the patients. This work describes the concepts used in an Object Oriented Data Base System to deal with medical images, so that it can be retrieved through queries based on the graphic contents of the stored images. The usual approach uses icons and textual attributes stored with the images to specify the queries. This work uses a novel modeling technique to define the \"image data type\", through which it is possible to decide, beforehand the query itself, the valuable data of each image when it is stored in the database, so the search can be accelerated when queries are issued.

Structural design of reinforced concrete structures requires involvement of many engineers who contribute to a single project. During the design process engineers have to exchange wide variety of information. Unmanaged data exchange may result in loss of resources. Developing a data model and setting up protocols for the management of data related to various structural design tasks can help to improve the quality of the structural design. In this study, an object oriented data model was developed for reinforced concrete beams. Geometry of the structure, detailed shape and placement of the reinforcement, and design specific information for beams were defined in the data model. Design code based computations are facilitated by developing a code library. Another focus of this study is developing a web based, platform independent data management and multi-user framework for structural design and detailing of reinforced concrete frames. The framework allows simultaneous design of a structure by multiple engineers. XML Web Services technology was utilized for the central management of design data. Design data was kept as XML files. Information was exchanged between the server and the engineer on a per-request basis. To design a beam strip, the engineer connects to the server and chooses a series of connected beams. The strip that is selected is locked for modifications of other engineers to prevent any data loss and unnecessary duplicate efforts. When the engineer finalizes the design of a beam strip, data is updated on the server and the lock for this strip is released. Between these requests no active connection is required between the engineer and the server. As a final task, the framework can produce structural CAD drawings in DXF format.

In design and detailing of a reinforced concrete frame project, there are many engineers who contribute a single project. Wide variety of information is exchanged between these engineers in design and detailing stages. If the coordination between engineers is not performed sufficiently, data exchange may result in loss of important information that may cause inadequate design and detailing of a structure. Thus, a data model developed for different stages of design and detailing of reinforced concrete structure can facilitate the data exchange among engineers and help improving the quality of structural design. In this study, an object oriented data model was developed for the design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns and beam column joints. The geometry of the structure, amount, shape and placement of reinforcement were defined in this data model. In addition to these, classes that facilitate the design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns and beam column joints according to a building codes were also developed. Another focus of this study is to develop a web based, platform independent data management and multi-user framework for structural design and detailing of reinforced concrete frames. The framework allows simultaneous design of a structure by multiple engineers. XML Web Services technology was utilized for the web based environment in such a way that the design related data was stored and managed centrally by the server in XML files. As a final step, CAD drawings of column reinforcement details in DXF format are prepared.

隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展，傳統的地理資訊系統也從早期的單機系統朝Web GIS的方向發展，但是關於地理資料的格式卻仍舊莫衷一是，沒有一個為業界所共同遵從的標準，其結果除了人力與財力資源的浪費，也造成不同單位間的地理資料整合上的困難。傳統的電子地圖採用點矩陣的圖形格式，因檔案太大而常造成資料傳輸上的延遲，而且圖形的解析度與品質不佳；此外在建置上十分不便，需要專門的處理軟體才能進行編輯修改。因此傳統GIS的處理方式已經不能滿足網路化的GIS應用系統的資訊需求。 　在XML出現之後，W3C與業界也體認到這樣的需求，因此新一代的網路二維圖形標準，可變動向量圖形（Scalable Vector Graphics，SVG）便應運而生，雖然目前SVG仍在候選建議階段，但鑑於它的諸多特點與優越性，目前已獲得業界各大公司的支持。本論文便在此種情況下產生研究動機，我們期望透過SVG這種新興的向量圖形格式，找出解決目前GIS在地理空間資料上所面臨的困境。經過本研究所實作出來的雛形系統顯示，以SVG作為新一代的Web GIS地理空間資料格式不但可行，而且突破許多傳統方式的瓶頸和缺點。 / With the development of Internet, traditional GIS was being changed from single user to Web GIS. But the file formats of geographic spatial data are still various. We don’t have a simple and effective standard. The result are financial and manpower resource wasting. It is inconvenient and difficult to integrate geographic spatial data between different GIS and organizations. Traditional maps are bitmapped format, with lower quality at high resulation. We have to use particular tools when modifying bitmaps. Therefore, traditional way in GIS should be improved. 　The Scalable Vector Graphics（SVG） format is a new XML grammer for defining vector-based 2D graphics of the Web and other applications. SVG was created by World Wide Web Consortium（W3C）, the non-profit, industry-wide, open–standards consorium. Over twenty organizations, including Sun Microsystems, Adobe, Apple, IBM, and Kodak, have been involved in defining SVG. SVG is a subset of XML, which is rapidly becoming the foundation for all modern Web applications. SVG gave us a motive to do the investigation. We hope to use the SVG format to solve the problems in GIS. In the result of the prototype system in our thesis, we find out that SVG should be the better, effective spatial data format of Web GIS.