The immense inequalities between the world’s poor and the world’s rich have compelledphilosopher Thomas Pogge to develop a moral framework based on the Universal Declarationof Human Rights that challenges our most commonsense political moral views. Poggedisputes minimally and universally that we all have a negative duty not to harm so long as theharm is foreseeable and avoidable, rather than a positive duty to do well. Furthermore Poggeargues for an institutional view of negative duties flown from the fact that we all shape,uphold and impose institutions.With the help of three philosophers; Polly Vizard, Tim Hayward and Mathias Risse, Idebate a number of their raised objections to Thomas Pogge’s theory of institutional globaljustice which all focus on the controversial causal claim that the present global order causesglobal poverty. The objections discussed are (a) Vizard’s scrutinizing of Pogge’s notion ofresponsibility (b) Hayward’s call for a full causal account of how the global order is harmingthe poor and (c) Risse’s alternative baseline for harm. I argue that although Pogge has somepotential problems, he nevertheless is not contradicted by these objections to the extent thatthey themselves claim. I hold that the debated criticism appeals for further investigation andthat in light of the arguments in this thesis we have a negative duty not to harm and a positiveobligation to reform global unjust institutions in responding to global poverty.

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The asset combination of the multi-target credit derivatives and the pricing model of credit risk, the dependence in credit default in credit derivatives is an important connection factor. Copula functions represent a methodology which has recently become the most significant new tool to handle in a flexible way the comovement between markets, risk factors and other relevant variables studied in finance. Besides, Copula functions have been applied to the solution of the need to reach effective diversification has led to new investment products, bound to exploit the credit risk features of the assets. It is particularly for the evaluation of these new products, such as securitized assets (asset-backed securities, such as CDO and the like) and basked credit derivatives (nth to default options) that the need to account for comovement among non-normally distributed variabes has become an unavoidable task. This article attempts utilizes the credit yield spread between the non-risk bond and the common corporation bond in the market and using Copula functions to make up the relation composition of asset combination. Then, penetrates through the Monte-Carlo Simulation to estimated the default time of asset combination and princing the credit risk spread in the tranche of the Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO). Besides, this article aims at the asset default recovery rate, the discount rate and the correlation coefficient of asset combination and so on three factors makes the sensitivity analysis, we find that the most effect of the credit default spread in the Collateralized Debt Obligation is asset default recovery rate, next is the correlation coefficient of asset combination, the influence of discount rate is not obvious.

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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit. Droit communautaire public : Lyon 3 : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. Index.

This thesis examined the Nigerian Domestic Gas Supply Obligation (DGSO), a policy formulated to enhance domestic natural gas supply for the improvement of electric power generation and supply in Nigeria. Using the theories of property and energy security, the thesis established legal justification for the formulation of the DGSO. Also, comparisons were drawn from countries, such as Indonesia, Western Australia and Egypt, which implemented policies similar to the DGSO. Challenges found to confront the successful implementation of the DGSO ranged from gas producers’ contractual commitments to non-existent comprehensive and pragmatic legal framework for the DGSO. The thesis concluded that with cost-reflective natural gas and electricity pricing, investment incentives and stability, adequate and secured infrastructure, effective implementation and monitoring institutions, backed up by a clear-cut regulatory framework and a strong-willed government, the DGSO could still realize its objectives of contributing immensely to the improvement of power generation and supply in Nigeria. / October 2015

The essays included in this dissertation develop a fair play account of state legitimacy. I argue for a modest revision to the traditional analysis of legitimacy. I then defend the principle of fair play against common objections. Next, I argue that the principle of fair play is capable of generating all the rights included in the new analysis of legitimacy defended earlier. Finally, I argue that the principle of fair play grounds the legitimacy of existing reasonably just states.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Master-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2006.