Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-08-22T13:10:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1416198 bytes, checksum: 48c61f81c83fefff2e88698340dc8f75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T13:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1416198 bytes, checksum: 48c61f81c83fefff2e88698340dc8f75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-28 / This work analyses the use prototypical of the oblique pronoun te, but, also, consequently, non-regular manifestations of this pronoun. There was privileged an approach more moderate of the functional linguistics, when it are adopting some concepts of the functionalism (prototipicity and topicalization) that substantiate the present research. The database C-Oral-Brasil, of Minas Gerais, which is dedicated to the study of the spontaneous speech of a Brazilian Portuguese, through the compilation of a corpus of oral texts produced in natural context, was what it welcomed our prerogatives of investigation. One checked that the syntactic prototypical function of the pronoun in study is indirect object. Another examined question went to relation of the oblique pronoun te with verbal structures: it was noticed that the subjects of the corpus, preferred determined simple verbs and verbal phrases moved by some interest, this reason that can be explained from the notion of use of the functional linguistics. On the pronominal placing, it was noticed that the proclitic position is the prototypical position. It is worth pointing out that this research identified the presence of the mesoclisis in situations of use more turned to the informality, when there is rescinding a stigmatized positioning of which the mesoclisis belongs to the most formal field of register and written. As for the location of the oblique pronoun te in the sentence, the uses demonstrated the dislocation of this pronoun, when the position is addressing topicalized and, in this way, in the events of the analyzed corpus, the expressive movement showed up in the order of the constituent ones of SVO for SOV. In what concerns to the non-regular manifestations, stand out: the syntactic events as direct object; the mesoclitic position, directed from the presence of the tmese; and the least presence of the pleonastic direct object and pleonastic indirect object. / Este trabalho analisa o uso prototípico do pronome oblíquo te, mas, também, consequentemente, as manifestações não regulares deste pronome. Privilegiou-se uma abordagem mais moderada da linguística funcional, adotando alguns conceitos do funcionalismo (prototipicidade e topicalização) que embasaram a presente pesquisa. O banco de dados C-Oral-Brasil, de Minas Gerais, que se dedica ao estudo da fala espontânea do português brasileiro, através da compilação de um corpus de textos orais produzidos em contexto natural, foi o que acolheu nossas prerrogativas de investigação. Verificou-se que a função sintática prototípica do pronome em estudo é a de objeto indireto. Outra questão examinada foi a relação do pronome oblíquo átono te com estruturas verbais: constatou-se que os sujeitos do corpus, preferiram determinados verbos simples e locuções verbais movidos por algum interesse, motivo este que pode ser explicado a partir da noção de uso da linguística funcional. Sobre a colocação pronominal, constatou-se que a posição proclítica é a posição prototípica. Vale salientar que esta pesquisa identificou a presença da mesóclise em situações de uso mais voltadas para a informalidade, rescindindo um posicionamento estigmatizado de que a mesóclise pertence ao campo de registro mais formal e escrito. No que se refere à localização do pronome obliquo te na sentença, os usos demonstraram o deslocamento deste pronome, dirigindo-se a posição topicalizada e, desta forma, nas ocorrências do corpus analisado, evidenciou-se a expressiva movimentação na ordem dos constituintes de SVO para SOV. No que concerne às manifestações não regulares, destaquem-se: as ocorrências sintáticas como objeto direto; a posição mesoclítica, encaminhada a partir da presença da tmese; e a presença mínima do objeto direto e indireto pleonásticos.

Na verificação do estado limite último das estruturas reticuladas em concreto armado se tem sempre os pilares solicitados à flexão oblíqua composta, seja devido a momentos fletores transmitidos pelas vigas ou lajes ou devido a imperfeições construtivas ou por ações normais ao eixo da peça comprimida, atuantes entre seus pontos de vinculação. Neste trabalho se está comparando os resultados que se obtém por dois processos de cálculo, quais sejam, a) Integração numérica com desacoplamentos das flexões nas duas direções principais de inércia com o uso da rigidez secante obtida de diagrama momento-curvatura, ou seja, os esforços de segunda ordem são calculados em cada direção como se não houvesse a solicitação de flexão na direção ortogonal e ao final se verifica a segurança da peça no Estado Limite Último considerando a flexão oblíqua composta; b) integração numérica considerando a flexão oblíqua composta com a curvatura obtida de diagrama momento-curvatura ponto a ponto já no cálculo dos efeitos de segunda ordem. Foram processados 215.740 pilares cuja análise conduz à conclusão de que se pode usar o procedimento citado no item (a) acima, com segurança e sem prejuízo da economia. / At check reticulated reinforced concrete structures in the ultimate limit state one always have the columns requested by a compression with biaxial bending , be due bending moments transmitted bay beams or slabs or due constructions imperfections or actions normal to the axis of the compressed piece acting between its points of attachment. This work is to compare the results that are obtained by two methods of calculation, which are: a) Numerical integration in each main direction of inertia with the use of secant stiffness obtained from bending-curvature diagram, it is, the second order efforts are calculated in each direction as if there was not request bending in the orthogonal direction and the end check the safety at ultimate limit state of the column by considering the biaxial bending; b) Numerical integration in each main direction of inertia with curvatures obtained point to point of moment-curvature diagrams, that consider the biaxial bending, to calculate the second order effects. Were processed 215.740 columns whose analysis leads to the conclusion that we can use the procedure mentioned in tem a) above, safely and without prejudice to the economy.

The diploma thesis Geometric Principles of Photogrammetry deals with constructive photogrammetry and geometrical reconstruction of horizon- tal and oblique image. The paper also contains a chapter on photogrammetry as a subject of science and a chapter on three-point perspective. Graphical me- thods for reconstruction of individual images are used. At the end, the thesis deals with the geometric reconstruction of two images and the reconstruction of the image using the computational software. The thesis is intended for students of technical and some of the natural science universities, students of grammar schools and technical high schools and to all who are interested in photogram- metry. The main part of the diploma thesis is elaborated in the form of solved examples and provides instructions for an extension of the descriptive geometry education at high schools and universities. The text of the work is complemented by a number of pictures and spatial visualizations that were created in a modern 3D modeling software and form a substantial contribution of the thesis.

The thesis Design of the straightening machines XRK 7-200 deals with the types of straightening machines and their principles. Further, procedures for construction proposals of seven-roll straighteners with rods of 100-200 mm in diameter are described. These proposals are primarily made for upper and lower crossbeams. The thesis also presents calculations of drives and set screws.

The present work represents a systematical study of the growth of columnar, metallic thin films deposited under highly oblique vapor incidence on planar substrates. Oblique angle deposition is a physical vapor deposition technique that is based on the self-shadowing effect. This enables the fabrication of highly porous thin films that are composed of three-dimensionally separated, micro-, and nano-sized columns. For this study, metals that cover a wide range of melting points and crystal structures have been chosen, and the observed growth characteristics are compared with each other to gain information about the growth of obliquely deposited metallic thin films in general. Among the various parameters that have an influence on the growth of columnar thin films, in the focus of this work are the angle of the incoming particle flux, substrate rotation frequency, and substrate temperature as well as the influence of the residual gas atmosphere. The first part deals with a morphological analysis of the columnar, metallic thin films by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The columnar shape, the columnar tilt angle, and the thin film porosity are investigated depending on the incidence flux direction as well as substrate temperature and rotation. It is examined how a reduction of the substrate temperature down to 77 K - realized by a liquid nitrogen cooled sample holder - influences the growth of the columnar thin films. Further, it is analyzed how substrate rotation influences the local deposition geometry and accordingly the growth behavior of tilted columns, spirals, screws, and upright columns. Based on geometrical considerations, a theoretical model is proposed and compared with the made observations. The second part focusses on the high-resolution local structure analysis of individual columns via (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On the one hand, the columnar structure is analyzed depending on the substrate temperature and substrate rotation via high resolution TEM. On the other hand, the crystallinity of individual columns is studied along the entire column by nanobeam electron diffraction. This technique is also applied to gain information about the orientation of the crystallites at the substrates surface and to investigate the selection processes of crystalline orientations during the growth. Moreover, the presented studies reveal under which conditions single crystalline columns are forming. In the final part, the texture of the columnar, metallic thin films is analyzed depending on the film thickness, the angle of the incoming particle flux as well as on the substrate temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, such as pole figures, are applied to determine the orientation of the lattice planes in the columns depending on the incident flux direction and on the substrate temperature. The observations are backed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) investigations. A model is developed that enables to explain why the tilt of the lattice directions in the columns is not equal to the tilt angle of the columns. A further theoretical model is introduced that enables to roughly estimate the tilt angle of the lattice direction that ensures the fastest vertical columnar growth.:1 MOTIVATION 7 2 BASICS OF OBLIQUE ANGLE DEPOSITION 9 2.1 Thin film growth by oblique deposition 9 2.1.1 Physical vapor deposition 9 2.1.2 Nucleation 10 2.1.3 Shadowing 11 2.1.4 Structure of individual columns 12 2.2 Sculpturing thin films on the nanometer scale 13 2.2.1 Angle of the incoming particle flux 13 2.2.2 Substrate rotation 16 2.2.3 Substrate temperature 17 2.3 Application areas for metallic nanostructured thin films 20 3 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 23 3.1 Sample fabrication 23 3.1.1 General deposition system setup and evaporation process 23 3.1.2 Crucibles, substrates, and sample holders 25 3.1.3 Controlling substrate movement and temperature 26 3.1.4 Controlling film thickness and deposition rate 29 3.2 Sample characterization 30 3.2.1 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) 30 3.2.2 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 31 3.2.3 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and In-Plane Pole Figure measurements (IPPF) 33 3.2.4 Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) 36 3.2.5 Raman scattering spectroscopy 36 4 MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COLUMNAR THIN FILMS 39 4.1 Oblique angle deposition 40 4.1.1 Deposition at room temperature 40 4.1.2 Deposition at different temperatures 43 4.2 Glancing angle deposition 61 4.2.1 Continuous substrate rotation 61 4.2.2 Discrete substrate rotation 66 4.3 Summary of results 69 5 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL COLUMNS 71 5.1 Oblique angle deposition 71 5.1.1 Tilted columns grown at room temperature 71 5.1.2 Tilted columns grown at different substrate temperatures 78 5.2 Glancing angle deposition 82 5.2.1 Vertical columns grown by continuous substrate rotation 82 5.2.2 Zigzag columns grown by discrete substrate rotation 85 5.3 Discussion 87 5.4 Summary of results 89 6 TEXTURE ANALYSIS OF COLUMNAR THIN FILMS 91 6.1 Influence of the film thickness 91 6.2 Influence of the incoming flux direction 99 6.3 Influence of the substrate temperature 110 6.4 Summary of results 116 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 119 8 LIST OF LITERATURE 123 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 134 10 LIST OF VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS 136 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 139 PUBLICATION LIST 140 SELBSTSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG 143

The quality and quantity of polarimetric data being collected for stellar sources creates new opportunities for studying stellar properties and evolution, and also leads to new challenges for modeling and interpreting such data. Inspired by fresh prospects for detecting the Hanle effect to study photospheric magnetic fields, we have focused attention on purely geometrical aspects for polarimetric variability in the example of oblique magnetic rotators. In the case of axisymmetric fields, we highlight two key facts: (a) polarimetric lightcurves necessarily exhibit a certain time symmetry with rotation phase, and (b) variations in the polarization position angle can be modeled based on geometrical projection effects, independent of the photospheric magnetic field. These conclusions also have general applicability, such as to Thomson scattering and the transverse Zeeman effect. The authors gratefully acknowledge that funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation, grant AST-0807664.

Preservation and protection of the head segment is of upmost importance due to the criticality of the functions entailed in this section of the body by the brain and the nervous system. Numerous events in daily life situations such as transportation and sports pose threats of injuries that may end or change a person’s life. In the European Union, statistics report that almost 4.2 million of road users are injured non-fatally, out of which 18% is represented by motorcyclist and 40% by cyclists, being head injuries 34% for bicyclists, and 24% for two-wheeled motor vehicles. Not only vehicles, are a source of injuries for the human head according to the injury report, 6,1 million people are admitted in hospitals for sports related injuries, where sports such as hockey, swimming, cycling presented head injuries up to 28%, 25% and 16% respectively (European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, 2013).  According to records the vast majority of head crashes result in an oblique impact (Thibault & Gennarelli, 1985). These types of impacts are characterized for involving a rotation of the head segment which is correlated with serious head injuries. Even though there is plenty of evidence suggesting the involvement of rotational forces current helmet development standards and regulations fail to recognize their importance and account only for translational impact tests. This thesis contains an evaluation for a different developed method for testing oblique impacts. In consequence a new test rig was constructed with basis on a guided free fall of a helmeted dummy head striking an oblique (angled) anvil which will induce rotation. The results obtained are intended to be subjected to a comparison with another oblique test rig that performs experiments utilizing a movable sliding plate which when impacted induces the rotation of a dropped helmeted dummy head. The outcome will solidify the presence of rotational forces at head-anvil impact and offer an alternative testing method. After setting up the new test rig; experiments were conducted utilizing bicycle helmets varying the velocities before impact from 5m/s to 6m/s crashing an angled anvil of 45°. Results showed higher peak resultant values for rotational accelerations and rotational velocities in the new test rig compared to the movable plate impact test, indicating that depending on the impact situation the “Normal Force” has a direct effect on the rotational components. On the other hand a performed finite element analysis predicted that the best correlation between both methods is when the new angled anvil impact test is submitted to crashes with a velocity before impact of 6 m/s at 45° and the movable sliding impact test to a resultant velocity vector of 7,6m/s with an angle of 30° . In conclusion the new test method is meant to provide a comparison between two different test rigs that will undoubtedly have a part in the analysis for helmet and head safety improvements.

The purpose of this study has been to determine the identity and the life history of certain larvae attacking dewberry fruits and foliage in a few sections of Utah. The dewberry fruit worm as it was called until it was definitely identified the oblique-banded leaf-roller, was first observed by farmers at Granite and Butlerville in 1932. Since 1934 it has been found affecting dewberries in other parts of northern Utah. This investigation was begun in the spring of 1935 and continued until the fall of 1936, being made possible through the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Entomology, and with the cooperation of various farmers in the vicinity of Granite, Utah. Field studies were made at Granite, Butlerville and southeast Pleasant Grove during the course of the investigation. Overwintering studies were carried on at Logan during the winter of 1935-36. Since this insect is one of the most important pests of dewberries in Utah a careful study of its life history and habits was considered necessary before control methods were undertaken.

No description available.

In this paper a search routine in MATLAB was developed in order to find and analyze oblique whistler waves in the data from the ESA and NASA spacecraft Solar Orbiter. Oblique whistler waves are a type of plasma wave which propagate at an angle with respect to the background magnetic field. They are efficient at scattering electrons in the solar wind but their role in interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is yet unknown. Magnetic field data from 1-31st of June 2022, as well as the 24th and 27-28th of January 2022 was examined. The search routine found six whistler waves in June and 12 for the dates in January. Among these, all found whistler waves were found in the sheath region of the ICMEs, and all had a plasma beta > 1. However due to instrumental artefacts the values of θk were found to be smaller than detected by the search routine, indicating less obliqueness than first expected. Some of the whistler waves seemed to have an obliqueness that changed with time and the bandwidth of the waves varied among the identified.