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The effects of intraluminal distention (25 cm H₂O, 120 minutes) and subsequent decompression (60 minutes) on the intramural vascular patterns of the equine small intestine was evaluated in 7 anesthetized horses. The vascular system of experimental and control segments were injected with a blue-colored radiopaque medium for microangiography and histology or a diluted methyl methacrylate (MERCOX CL-2B) for scanning electron microscopy. The distended segments had shortened villi that were separated by expanded crypts and mesothelial cell loss, neutrophil infiltration and edema in the seromuscular layer. The number of filled vessels was decreased in the seromuscular layer and to a lesser extent in the mucosal layer in the distended segments compared to controls. Following reperfusion, the morphologic lesions progressed and the number of observed vessels increased in all layers; however the vascular density did not return to the pre distention state. This study identifies altered intramural vascular patterns in the equine jejunum during luminal distention and reperfusion. / Master of Science

People who have better relationship and help each other in an organization will be helpful to an organization, because they will have higher sharing willingness. Knowledge is not like the tangible products that we¡¦ll lose them if we share them with other people. In contrast, we can enhance the value of knowledge by sharing. Because human resource strategy is relative to everyone in an organization, and knowledge-oriented culture and knowledge sharing obstructions will also effect the knowledge sharing willingness, this thesis focus on the relationship among human resource strategy, knowledge-oriented culture, knowledge sharing obstructions, and knowledge sharing willingness. I use inducement strategy, investment strategy, and involvement strategy addressed by Dyer & Holder (1988) as foundation to analyze the difference of these strategies in knowledge sharing willingness. And I use eight characteristics of knowledge-oriented culture addressed by Wu (2001) as a moderator between human resource strategies and knowledge sharing willingness. Moreover, I also summarize knowledge sharing obstructions from literature and use factor analysis to divide many obstructions into four types to understand the relationship between sharing obstructions and knowledge sharing willingness. The four types are obstruction of interaction and development, obstruction of resource providing, obstruction of self satisfaction, and obstruction of communication. The samples are employees and managers of human resource department. After statistic analyzing, the results are summarize as following: 1¡BIn human resource strategies, inducement strategy has more influence on knowledge sharing willingness than investment strategy. 2¡BIn knowledge-oriented culture, higher degree of professionalism and openness, initiative of learning, experience sharing, and relationship and harmony will help involvement strategy to cause higher knowledge sharing willingness. 3¡BIn knowledge sharing obstructions, obstructions of cooperation and development, resource providing, and self motivation will influence knowledge sharing willingness. And obstruction of self motivation has stronger influence. 4¡BHuman resource strategies and knowledge sharing obstructions a.Using inducement strategy will cause fewer obstructions of cooperation and development, resource providing, self motivation, and communication. b.Using investment strategy will cause fewer obstructions of cooperation and development and resource providing. 5¡BKnowledge sharing obstructions and the interaction of human resource strategies and personal and organizational characteristics a.When using involvement strategy, people with longer seniority will cause fewer obstructions of resource providing. b.When using inducement strategy, high-tech enterprises will cause higher obstruction of communication. c.When using involvement strategy, foreign enterprise and joint venture will cause higher obstruction of communication. According to the conclusion, this thesis proposes some ideas and recommendations to relative authorities and following researches.

Orientador: Ermínia de Lourdes Campello Fanti / Banca: Denise de Mattos / Banca: Maria Gorete Carreira Andrade / Resumo: O obejtivo principal deste trabalho é estudar as obstruções "sing" que desempenham papel importante nas demonstrações de certos resultados sobre decomposição de grupos que satisfazem certas hipóteses de dualidade apresentados em [16] e [17], em particular, sobre decomposição de um grupo G adapatada a uma família S de subgrupos de G com (G,S) um par de dualidade de Poincaré. Alguns invariantes cohomológicos e certos resultados envolvendo tais invariantes, decomposição de grupos e/ou grupos e pares de dualidade são também apresentados. / Abstract: The main objective of this work to study the obstructions "sing" which play an important role in demonstrating certain results on the splittings of groups that satisfy certain hypotheses of duality presented in [16] and [17], in particular, the decomposition of a group G adapted to a family S of subgroups of G with (G,S) a Poincaré duality pair. Some cohomological invariants and certain results involving such invariants, a splittings of groups and/or groups and pairs of duality are also presented. / Mestre

As technology development is advancing almost exponentially, it has since touched almost every aspect in our lives, from work to recreation. Therefore, in view of the extent to which technology is integrated in modern socio-economic settings, this study undertook to investigate South African schools readiness to integrate ICT. The following research questions were investigated: What is the relationship between the importance of ICT use for 21st Century Skill Development and obstructions hindering ICT goals in the light of currently available Infrastructure in South African schools? What is the relationship between the importance of ICT use for 21st Century Skill Development and obstructions hindering ICT goals in the light of currently available Human Resources in South African schools? A Spearman’s rho correlation was calculated, using SITES 2006 data obtained from the Principal Questionnaire (Brese & Carstens, 2009). It was found that all of the influencing factors, pertaining to both Infrastructure and Human Resources, showed a weak, to very weak negative correlation with the ICT goals under question. This means that, though the relationship is not strong, the influencing factors are hindering schools from reaching ICT goals for 21st Century Skills Development. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted

This Diploma Thesis deals with obstructions within the legislative process of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, more precisely in hearings at the Lower House. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of obstructions and their importance in the legislative process. In the beginning, the author establishes three basic research questions, which he then tries to answer through quantitative methods. Firstly, the author answers the question whether either site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often. Secondly, he inquires whether there are any differences between the obstructions of a right-wing or a left-wing party. Finally, the author aims to clarify if the long-established parties in the Chamber of Deputies have an advantage in the practice of obstructions and thus are more successful in it than new parties are. The text is divided into three separate chapters with a logical structure starting from theoretical themes and continuing with an empirical analysis. The first part, which is purely theoretical, is followed by a chapter dealing with the legislative process which can be considered as a transition between the theoretical and empirical parts. The following chapter is based on empiricism and analyses stenographic records and interviews with the representatives of political parties. The carried out analyses suggest that it is impossible to state clearly which site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often, as in the majority of cases parties using this tactic find themselves in the opposition. However, while obstructing, both left-wing and right-wing parties use almost identical tools. Ultimately, it can be stated that parties represented in the House of Deputies for a long period are not more successful in practicing obstructions than other parties, even though they use strategies that are more sophisticated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalcanti_mps_me_sjrp.pdf: 612728 bytes, checksum: 47d18c69b5ae7b113879890007734ec5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O obejtivo principal deste trabalho é estudar as obstruções sing que desempenham papel importante nas demonstrações de certos resultados sobre decomposição de grupos que satisfazem certas hipóteses de dualidade apresentados em [16] e [17], em particular, sobre decomposição de um grupo G adapatada a uma família S de subgrupos de G com (G,S) um par de dualidade de Poincaré. Alguns invariantes cohomológicos e certos resultados envolvendo tais invariantes, decomposição de grupos e/ou grupos e pares de dualidade são também apresentados. / The main objective of this work to study the obstructions sing which play an important role in demonstrating certain results on the splittings of groups that satisfy certain hypotheses of duality presented in [16] and [17], in particular, the decomposition of a group G adapted to a family S of subgroups of G with (G,S) a Poincaré duality pair. Some cohomological invariants and certain results involving such invariants, a splittings of groups and/or groups and pairs of duality are also presented.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the presence of nasal obstruction, nasal patency may be reduced, and nasal breathing is replaced by mouth breathing (MB). Orofacial, and otorhinolaringologic changes are present in this breathing mode, as well as head posture misalignment, as a compensatory mechanism for the nasal airflow impairment. Some characteristics are typically found, but MB diagnosis is still controversial among multidisciplinary assessments. This study was conduct to identify variables associated with mouth breathing diagnosis in children, based on multidisciplinary domains, including anamnesis, speech therapy, otorhinolaryngologic, occlusal and physiotherapeutic assessments. It also aimed to compare nasal patency and otorhinolaryngologic-orofacial features and craniocervical posture in children. Six-12 year-old children, both sexes underwent muldisciplinary evaluation constituted by: anamnesis; speech therapy evaluation, according to MBGR protocol; clinical and endoscopic otorhinolaryngologic (OTRL) examination; occlusal and physical therapy assessments (nasal patency and body posture). Nasal patency was measured, by means of Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow absolute (PNIF) values and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. Craniocervical posture was evaluated with biophotogrametric measures (software SAPO, v.0.68), such as: Cervical Distance (CD); Head Horizontal Alignment (HHA), Flexion-Extension Head Position (FE) and Lumbar Distance (LD). Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Logistic Regression were used for data analysis. One hundred thirty three children took part in the study. Significant lower values of PNIF and %PNIF in children with restless sleep (p=0.006 and p=0.002), nasal obstruction report (p=0.027 and p=0.023) and runny nose (p=0.004 and p=0.012), unsystematic lip closure during mastication (p=0.040 and 0.026), masticatory speed reduced (p=0.006 and p= 0.008) and altered solid food swallowing (p=0.006 and p=0.001) were found. Significant lower PNIF was found in children with pale inferior turbinate (p=0.040). PNIF and %PNIF was significantly higher in children with mild everted lip (p=0.008 and p=0.000). PNIF was significantly higher in children with tongue width increased (p=0.027) and lower in children with hard palate width reduced (p=0.037). PNIF was significantly lower in children with altered speech (p=0.004). FE was significantly higher in children with nasal patency decreased (p=0.023). Negative and weak correlation between FE and %PNIF (r=-0.266; p=0.002) and positive and weak correlation between CD and PNIF (r=0.209; p=0.016) were found. NOSE scores were negatively correlated with PNIF (r= -0.179; p=0.039). It was found association of MB diagnosis in each professional domain with: nasal obstruction report (OR =5.55), time of pacifier sucking (OR=1.25), convex facial type (OR=3.78), obtuse nasal angle (OR=4.30), half-open or open lip posture (OR=4.13), tongue positioned on the mouth floor (OR=5.88), hard palate width reduced (OR=2.99), unexpected contraction of orbicularis and mentalis muscles during mastication (OR= 2.97), obstructive pharyngeal tonsills (OR=8.37), Angle Class II malocclusion (OR= 10.85) and regular gingival maintenance (OR=2.89). Nasal patency was lower in children with restless sleep, rhinitis signs and symptoms, hard palate width reduced and with changes in mastication, deglutition and speech functions. Children with decreased nasal patency presented greater head extension and, this postural deviation is prone to increase as nasal airflow decreases, indicating the relationship between craniocervical posture and nasal patency. Nasal obstruction report, time of pacifier sucking, convex facial type, obtuse nasal angle, half-open or open lip posture, tongue positioned on the mouth floor, hard palate width reduced, unexpected contraction during mastication, obstructive pharyngeal tonsils, Angle Class II malocclusion and regular gingival maintenance were associated with MB diagnosis / Na presença de uma obstrução nasal, a permeabilidade pode estar reduzida e a respiração nasal é substituída pela respiração oral (RO). Alterações orofaciais e otorrinolaringológicas são associadas a essa condição, bem como alterações na postura da cabeça, como mecanismo compensatório a redução do fluxo nasal. Algumas características são tipicamente associadas a RO, mas seu diagnóstico ainda permanece controverso. Este estudo foi conduzido para identificar variáveis associadas com o diagnóstico de respiração oral em crianças, baseado nos domínios multidisciplinares. Também se propôs a comparar a permeabilidade nasal e as características orofaciais, fonoaudiológicas e postura craniocervical em crianças. Um total de 133 crianças de seis a 12 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, submeteram-se avaliação multidisciplinar constituída de: anamnese; avaliação fonoaudiológica, de acordo com o protocolo MBGR; exame OTRL clínico e endoscópico; avaliações oclusal e fisioterapêutica (permeabilidade nasal e postura corporal). A permeabilidade nasal foi medida por meio do Pico de Fluxo Inspiratório Nasal (PFIN) e valores da escala Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE). A postura corporal foi avaliada com medidas biofotogramétricas (Software SAPO, v.0.68) como: Distância Cervical (DC); Alinhamento Horizontal da Cabeça (AHC); Ângulo de Flexo-Extensão da Cabeça (FE) e Distância Lombar (DL). Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Correlação de Spearmann e Regressão Logística Múltipla. PFIN e %PFIN foram menores nas crianças com sono agitado (p=0,006 e p=0,002), relato de obstrução nasal (p=0,027 e p=0,023), rinorreia (p=0,004 e p=0,012), fechamento labial assistemático na mastigação (p=0,040 e p=0,026), velocidade mastigatória reduzida (p=0,006 e p= 0,008), com alteração na deglutição de sólidos (p=0,006 e p=0,001) e somente PFIN naquelas com largura de palato reduzida (p=0,037) e alteração da fala (p=0,004). Foram encontrados valores menores de PFIN nas crianças com palidez das conchas nasais inferiores (p=0,040). PFIN e %PFIN foram maiores nas crianças com lábio levemente evertido (p=0,008 e p=0,000) e somente o PFIN naquelas com largura aumentada da língua (p=0,027). FE foi maior nas crianças com permeabilidade nasal diminuída (p=0,023). Foi encontrada correlação negativa e fraca entre FE e %PFIN (r=-0,266; p=0,002) e positiva e fraca entre DC e PFIN (r=0,209; p=0,016). Os escores da escala NOSE foram negativamente correlacionados com PFIN (r= -0,179; p=0,039). Foi observada associação do diagnóstico de respiração com: relato de obstrução nasal (OR =5,55), tempo de uso de chupeta (OR=1,25), tipo facial convexo (OR=3,78), ângulo nasolabial obtuso (OR=4,30), postura de lábios entreabertos ou abertos (OR=4,13), postura de língua no assoalho da boca (OR=5,88), largura do palato duro reduzida (OR=2,99), contrações não esperadas dos músculos orbiculares e mentual durante a mastigação (OR= 2,97), tonsilas faríngeas obstrutivas (OR=8,37), má oclusão classe II de Angle (OR= 10,85) e conservação gengival regular (OR=2,89). A permeabilidade nasal foi menor em crianças com sono agitado, sinais e sintomas de rinite, largura reduzida do palato duro e alterações nas funções de mastigação, deglutição e fala. Crianças com permeabilidade nasal reduzida apresentaram maior extensão da cabeça e esta alteração postural tende a aumentar à medida que o fluxo nasal diminui, indicando uma relação entre a postura craniocervical e permeabilidade nasal. Foram associadas com a RO as variáveis: relato de obstrução nasal; tempo de uso de chupeta; tipo facial convexo; ângulo nasolabial obtuso; postura de lábios entreabertos ou abertos; postura de língua no assoalho da boca; largura reduzida do palato duro; contrações não esperadas na mastigação; tonsilas faríngeas obstrutivas, má oclusão classe II de Angle e conservação gengival regular.

The main goal of this thesis is to describe the use of obstruction mechanisms in the Czech legislative system, where in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, as key legislative institutions of the parliamentary system, has been making massive damages in the form of blocking the negotiation of draft laws for many years. The reasons that led to the Rules of Procedure of the Chamber of Deputies permitting the existence of this phenomenon are not quite obvious, but they are an integral part of the parliamentary culture of our country, which existence is mainly used by the legislative minority. Even though the Rules of Procedure have a clear wording, which allow the existence of obstructions, their use is often considered as unconstitutional, as their use often exceeds the affordable limit. The main objective of this theses is to introduce to the reader all the instruments that help to obstructions and subsequently to show their use in practice during the meetings of the Chamber of Deputies within the last three parliamentary term, including the period in progress.

The differentiation, in an infant with cholestasis, between extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and the neonatal hepatitis syndrome (NHS) is important in that laparotomy is always indicated in EHBA but is undesirable in NHS. This differentiation is particularly difficult in those infants with complete cholestasis. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a commonly used investigation in infants with obstructive jaundice. The scintigraphic demonstration of excretion into the gut excludes extrahepatic obstruction, however, absence of excretion may be due to EHBA, severe cholestasis with patent extrahepatic bile ducts or poor uptake of the agent, and is therefore not diagnostic. This study has examined the quantitative measurement of the hepatic uptake of p-butyl IDA and Sn colloid, and an estimation of liver shape, in a group of patients with complete cholestasis in whom conventional scan interpretation, based on excretion into the-gut, would not be useful. The scans were recorded as dynamic studies and the resultant time-activity curves were subjected to curve fitting to calculate a rate constant for uptake of radiopharmaceutical. Liver shape was determined from the anterior static image of the colloid scan. The results show a significant difference between the EHBA and the NHS patients in the rate of uptake of p-butyl IDA, in the ratio of the rate of uptake of p-butyl IDA/the rate of uptake of colloid and in the measurements used to express liver shape. Using this method of scan interpretation, a diagnostic accuracy of 85% was achieved in this study of patients who clinically, and on scan, had no evidence of bile flow. Hepatic scintigraphy is therefore a useful investigation in the diagnostic work-up of infants presenting with obstructive jaundice even when bile flow is completely absent.