This thesis is to study the distribution system loss by applying the outage management system (OMS). To enhance the efficiency of loss analysis, the distribution system network has been obtained by retrieving the component information from OMS database. The topology process and node reduction have also been applied to identify the network configuration and to prepare the input data for load flow analysis. The load survey study is used to derive the typical load patterns of various customer classes. With the monthly energy consumption of customers served by each transformer, which has been retrieved from the customer information system (CIS), the hourly loading of each distribution transformer is then derived. By executing the three phase load flow analysis for different types of distribution feeders, the power loss of distribution feeders has been obtained, which will be used to evaluate the operation efficiency of whole distribution system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed methodology to solve distribution system loss, three practical distribution feeders in Taipei City District of Taipower are selected for computer simulation. With many transformers to serve voluminous low tension residential and commercial customers and high tension commercial and official customers in Taipei, the transformer core loss and high tension line loss contribute most of the distribution feeder loss. According to distribution feeder loss analysis, the transformer copper loss and low tension line loss are varied with the customer loading. With the distribution system loss model derived in this thesis, the distribution system loss can be estimated in a very efficient manner, which can provide utility an effective tool to analyze the power loss of whole distribution system and each individual feeder for assessment of system operation efficiency.

Power System consists of generation, transmission and distribution systems to deliver the power service to customers. Distribution systems cover a very wide area with components such as main transformers, primary feeders, laterals, distribution transformers, low tension lines and meters. All these components contribute distribution line loss to deteriorate system operation efficiency. With the power system deregulation and Kyoto Protocol, it becomes an important issue for utility companies to achieve loss minimization by various strategies. The objective of this thesis is to derive both the optimal planning of capacitor placement and the operation strategy of switched capacitors by considering the loss reduction and investment cost of capacitors. A practical distribution feeder in Taipower has been selected for three-phase load flow analysis to solve power loss by considering the mutual-coupling effect and feeder daily load curve. The loading in each service zone is analyzed according to the feeder network configuration and power consumption of customers served. The immune algorithm is utilized to derive the optimal locations and capacity of capacitors to be installed along the feeder. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed capacitor planning, Feeder BW34, which served by Shang-Liao secondary substation of Feng-Shan District, is selected for computer simulation. The installation locations of both fixed and switched capacitors as well as the operation time of switched capacitors are determined according to the reactive power loading profiles of distribution feeders and distribution transformers. With the optimal capacitor planning proposed, the feeder power loss can be reduced effectively and cost benefit of capacitor investment can be enhanced too.

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This paper describes an investigation into the fabrication of absorber layer CuInSe2 films by co-evaporation process. And we used the stainless steel substrates to manufacture Al / ZnO:Al / ZnO /CdS / CuInSe2 / Mo / SLGTF / Stainless Steel(SS) flexible thin-film solar cell. The flexible solar cells were fabricated using soda-lime glass thin layers (SLGTL) as a diffusion barrier layer and an alkali source material deposited on various flexible substrates prior to the Mo backcontact layer deposition. Mo back contact layers were deposited by DC sputtering. The CIS absorber layers were grown by the two-stage process using a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) apparatus. Then the CdS buffer layer was deposited by the chemical bath, RF sputter deposition of intrinsic ZnO and ZnO:Al (AZO) layer. Under the same process condition, using SLGTF as diffusion barrier layer improved open circuit voltage (Voc) 16.7% and short circuit current density (Jsc) 9.8%.

Farmers¡¦ association in Taiwan has four important characters¡FThat is¡GEconomical¡AEduction¡ASocial And Political¡AWhich is said a non-profitable Farmers¡¦ Organization of public welfare and they are federated system of multi-purpose Farmers¡¦ cooperative organization in Taiwan . Farmers¡¦ association in Taiwan provides an integrated services and activities¡Anamely¡GEconomic¡ACredit¡AAgricultural extension and Insurance. Corporate identity system¡]CIS¡^is a total communication system.Which contains Mind identity¡]MI¡^¡ABehavior identity¡]BI¡^¡Aand Visual identity¡]VI¡^¡FMeanwhile¡ACIS has become a powerful strategy for enterprise successfully¡AIn order to alter former conservative corporation image and to establish a new image .The farmers¡¦ association conducts CIS to change image and to reinforce the marketing effect . Therefore¡Amany farmers¡¦ association pay more attention to marketing competition and new image .The purpose of this study are as follows¡G 1.Why Farmers¡¦ association in Taiwan conduction CIS¡H 2.To introduce the CIS theories . 3.To evaluate the perceived impacts of CIS for Farmers¡¦ association in Taiwan . 4.Non-conducts and conducts Farmers¡¦ association different in identity item.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 96 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis advisor: Michelle M. Meyer / Existing methods of assaying the function of cis-regulatory RNAs come with significant drawbacks when assaying large RNA libraries. Highly sensitive cell-based assays such as the β galactosidase assay are labor intensive, difficult to scale up and may lose sensitivity with increased throughput. GFP and luciferase reporters can be used with FACS to increase assay throughput, but sorting small bacterial cells is challenging and greatly reduces assay sensitivity. Conversely, in vitro methods allow for fast screening of very large RNA libraries, but only select for properties of binding, not regulation. By combining the principles of classic in cell regulatory assays with modern tools, cis-regulatory RNAs can be quickly screened for regulatory activity at a large scale. The assay under development, Fluorescent Activated Droplet Sorting Regulatory Assay (FADSRA), uses microfluidics to encapsulate single cells expressing a fluorescent protein under the control of a cis-regulatory RNA. These cells are then cultured into microcolonies within the droplets, which are subsequently sorted according to fluorescent signal. Deep amplicon sequencing of the regulatory RNAs can then reveal which sequences can regulate and which cannot. Thus, FADSRA can help bridge the gap between in vitro RNA binding and gene regulation assays, providing a way to answer sophisticated questions about cis-regulatory RNAs requiring high-throughput assay methods. While many applications for FADSRA are possible, such as verifying regulatory activity of in vitro binders or screening synthetic regulators, one such application of FASDRA is the creation of fitness landscapes that probe sequence-function relationships of RNA cis-regulators. This dissertation first develops and optimizes the regulatory assay for ribosomal leaders in Chapter 2, following by creating a single mutant fitness landscape of the E. coli S15 leader RNA in Chapter 3. Results of this fitness landscape largely support previously published mutational studies and highlight the necessity of stable hairpin formation for regulation of the E. coli S15 leader. Chapter 4, examining the regulation of S15 protein and leader homologs, and Chapter 5, testing the adaptability of FADSRA to other cis-regulatory RNAs, examine possible further applications of the assay. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Biology.

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