Recent years have seen an increasing focus on electric energy consumption as well as ecology in relation to human health. It is crucial to maintain the so called lighting comfort which is influenced by a wide range of lighting parameters, including illuminance, brightness, balance of illuminance, and glare. Thanks to all these parameters we can design lighting systems in such a way as to prevent energy waste and far too rapid deterioration of eyesight. This study therefore focuses on glare evaluation of indoor and outdoor lighting systems. In order to comprehend the issue thoroughly, a detailed description of human eyes and their functions is provided, followed by definitions of glare and types of glare. An overview of different calculations for indoor and outdoor glare is provided, considering the evaluation of daylight glare in terms of complex lighting systems. The study mentions several options involving unconventional methods for measuring glare (brightness). In the analytical part of the study, outdoor glare on Kolejní Street and indoor glare at the Prof. Brauner Hall at VUT measurements were obtained using brightness analyzer (an unconventional method). The thesis is concluded with a comparison of the conventionally and unconventionally obtained measurements, considering their respective advantages.

This thesis examines unicellular microorganism of the genus Acanthamoeba, as well as the disease it causes - acanthamoeba keratitis. It is an eye disease, which occurs mainly in people using contact lenses. Since acanthamoeba attacks visual apparatus, several parts of the thesis are dedicated to the anatomy of said apparatus, especially to the eye ball. The symptoms, diagnostics, treatment as well as prevention of the disease are included as well. The thesis furthemore mentions individual types of contact lenses, their proper hygiene and care and most of all, the danger, that comes with improper handling - acanthamoeba keratitis. A survey, that took place among elementary school and high school students, found out, that almost none of the elementary school students wear contact lenses, whereas contact lenses are worn by approximately 15% of students at high school. Among other issues, the survey concludes, that only a small part of elementary school students prefers contact lenses to glasses, though glasses are needed by a vast majority of them. At high school level, wearing contact lenses becomes more common, for aesthetics or other reasons. Ophtalmologist is regularly visited by 35 % of interviewed students. An analysis of six different natural science and biology textbooks for the 8th grade of...

Fondé le 21 mars 1098, par Robert de Molesmes, au moment où les chevaliers de la première croisade s'emparaient d'Edesse, l'ordre de Cîteaux, retournant à la stricte observance de la règle de saint Benoît de Nursie, mise en usage par Grégoire le Grand et délaissée par les moines au cours des siècles suivants, amenait un renouveau dans le monachisme occidental. En 1119, il recevait sa charte fondamentale, appelée Charta charitatis (carte ou charte de charité); celle-ci assurait l'unité d'observance, maintenait la subordination des différentes maisons à la première abbaye, réglait le gouvernement général, l'organisation et la vie de ce nouveau corps religieux. Son application s'étendait aux monastères d'alors qui connurent un essor considérable, avec Bernard de Clairvaux, le prédicateur de la deuxième croisade et l'une des plus grandes figures monastiques. Au XIVe siècle, apparut un déclin dans l'observance et ce fut Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé (1626-1700), filleul de Richelieu, émule de Bossuet sur les bancs de la Sorbonne et ami des princes de l'époque, qui remit en usage l'étroite observance, dans son abbaye de la Trappe, d'où est Issu le vocable trappiste. Sa réforme, ou la préoccupation dominante de la pénitence était substituée â celle de la prière, reprenait dans ses grandes lignes la primitive observance de Cîteaux; elle fut acceptée par la plupart des monastères cisterciens qui l'appliquèrent jusqu'en 1790. L'ordre de Cîteaux, établi solidement en France et en Europe, ne connaissait point de monastères en Amérique. C'est avec la Révolution française, ou furent supprimés les ordres religieux, que devaient naître les premiers projets d'établissements dans la province de Québec, ancienne colonie de France qui était, depuis une génération déjà, sous l'administration britannique. La politique coercitive des gouvernements français du siècle suivant, vis-à-vis les communautés religieuses, obligea les cisterciens à chercher maintes fois refuge à l'étranger. Ainsi s'est fait l'établissement du Petit Clairvaux qui envoya des religieux à Sainte-Justine de Dorchester au début de 1860. En 1880, après le vote des lois Ferry, Notre-Dame de Melleray fait partir trois moines pour Saint-Pierre de La Patrie, et l'abbaye de Bellefontaine pense à établir la première fondation permanente du Canada, è Oka; cette dernière ira, en 1892, ouvrir Mistassini pour les colonisateurs du Lac Saint-Jean. Finalement, en 1901, après une loi impopulaire de Waldeck-Rousseau, le monastère de Bonneval envoie une colonie de trappistines a Saint-Romuald, près de Lévis. La difficile restauration de l'ordre cistercien, avec ses transformations internes et ses prolongements dans la province de Québec, depuis la Révolution française jusqu'en 1935, seront analysés au cours de notre travail. Nous verrons, dans un premier temps, l'évolution de l'ordre avec les projets et tentatives d'établissements en cette province; nous continuerons, dans un second temps, l'analyse de cette congrégation, en voyant les établissements définitifs. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2012

Canada 150, or the sesquicentennial anniversary of Confederation, celebrates a nation-state that can be described as “settler colonial” in relation to Indigenous peoples. This thesis brings a Critical Religion and Critical Discourse Analysis methodology into conversation with Settler Colonial and Indigenous Studies to ask: how is Canadian settler colonial sovereignty enacted, and how do Indigenous peoples perform challenges to that sovereignty? The parliamentary mace and the eagle feather are conceptualized as emblematic and condensed metaphors, or metonyms, that assert and represent Canadian and Indigenous sovereignties. As a settler colonial sovereignty, established and naturalized partially through discourses on religion, Canadian sovereignty requires the displacement of Indigenous sovereignty. In events from 1990 to 2017, Indigenous people wielding eagle feathers disrupt Canadian governance and challenge the legitimacy of Canadian sovereignty. Indigenous sovereignty is (re)asserted as identity-based, oppositional, and spiritualized. Discourses on Indigenous sovereignty and spirituality provide categories and concepts through which Indigenous resistance occurs within Canada.

Thesis deals with the analysis of the sliding contact in the ring mill. It focuses on the assessment of the effect of the current load on the sliding contact, the assessment of the signal transmission quality from the static to the rotara part of the ring contact slide contact.

K pořízení snímků sítnice, která představuje nejdůležitější část lidského oka, je potřeba speciálního vybavení, kterým je fundus kamera. Z tohoto důvodu je cílem této práce navrhnout a implementovat systém, který bude schopný generovat takovéto snímky bez použítí této kamery. Navržený systém využívá mapování vstupního černobílého snímku krevního řečiště sítnice na barevný výstupní snímek celé sítnice. Systém se skládá ze dvou neuronových sítí: generátoru, který generuje snímky sítnic, a diskriminátoru, který klasifikuje dané snímky jako reálné či syntetické. Tento systém byl natrénován na 141 snímcích z veřejně dostupných databází. Následně byla vytvořena nová databáze obsahující více než 2,800 snímků zdravých sítnic v rozlišení 1024x1024. Tato databáze může být použita jako učební pomůcka pro oční lékaře nebo může poskytovat základ pro vývoj různých aplikací pracujících se sítnicemi.

The diploma thesis describes the elaboration of a program for the simulation of an optical transmission path. The work introduces the basic parameters of optical transmission, such as attenuation, dispersion and bandwidth. Furthermore, the techniques of line code and error detection are described in the work, especially a cyclic redundancy sum. The key parameter of this thesis is dispersion of the optical signal. The work includes the characteristics of the eye diagram and its analysis. The resulting program can also be used to measure the real transmission route and its parameters.

In our work we have studied the ultrasonic imaging systems and their use in ophthalmology, especially with the device Nidek 4000. We described ophthalmological examination methods. In addition, we are using the simulation program Field II. It simulated eye phantom and created his B-scan and biometry, where we compared the effects of different central frequency ultrasonic probes and different speeds of sound in the resulting values. We also created phantoms using agarose gel and materials of different properties. On phantoms, we studied the effect of the velocity of ultrasound in measurement results, effect of the concentration of the agarose gel to the velocity of sound. And we created phantoms simulating the human eye. Measurement protocol was created for use in teaching.

Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are two of the most common retinal diseases in these days, which can lead to partial or full loss of sight. Due to it, it is necessary to create new approaches enabling to detect these diseases and inform the patient about his condition in advance. The main objective of this work is to design and to implement an algorithm for retinal diseases classification based on images of the patient's retina of previously mentioned diseases. In the first part of this work, there is described in detail each stage of each disease and its the most frequent symptoms. In this thesis, there is also a chapter about fundus camera, which is a tool for image creation of human eye retina. In the second part of this thesis, there is proposed an approach for classification of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. There is also a chapter about algorithmic methods which can be used for image processing and object detection in image. The last part of this thesis contains the test results and their evaluation. Assessment of success of proposed and implemented methods is also part of this chapter.

Proper eye development depends on expression and mutual regulation of many genes. Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases exhibiting all types of Mendelian inheritance, which manifest as combination of congenital abnormalities of the cornea, iris, anterior chamber angle or lens. Screening of genes associated with ASD does not often lead to the identification of the underlying genetic cause implying that there are still novel variants or genes to be discovered. Molecular genetic analysis in 12 probands with ASD using Sanger and whole-exome sequencing were performed. Functional analysis by Exon trapping assay was provided in variants predicted to effect pre-mRNA splicing. Four PAX6 mutations evaluated as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in a heterozygous state were found in four probands c.183C˃G; p.(Tyr61*), c.1032+1G>A, c.1183+1G>T and c.622C>T; p.(Arg208Trp). One proband was found to be a compound heterozygote for c.244A>G; p.(Met82Val) and c.541delG; p.(Glu181Lysfs*26) mutations in FOXE3. In 7 probands, no potentially pathogenic variants were identified. Exon trapping assay confirmed that mutations c.1032+1G>A and c.1183+1G>T have an effect on pre-mRNA splicing of the PAX6 gene. Detailed molecular-genetic analysis in patients with ASD may contribute to...