The aim of the current work was to analyze the structure of training in the four – year Olympic cycle (2001 – 2004), the achieved results and to assess the dynamics of sportsmen`s physical and functional abilities over the period. The dynamics of the physical and functional abilities over the annual cycle of training was analyzed on an example of A.Z. and E.K., the most efficient Lithuanian modern pentathlonists. We analyzed physical load in 2001 – 2004 and the results achieved in the same year, the dynamics of physical development, such as body mass, muscle and fat mass, lung volume, muscular power in different zones of energy production. The efficiency on anaerobic alactic energy production mechanisms was determined by measuring single muscle contraction power (SMCP) and anaerobic alactic muscular power (AAMP). The functional capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems was assessed by the Roufier index (RI). By fixing the speed on a running-track, pulse rate and lactate concentration in blood we determined the intensity of bioenergetic processes at the anaerobic metabolism threshold limit. Also, aerobic capacity at the critical intensity limit and anaerobic metabolism threshold limit were determined. The physical development indices of these sportsmen changed little over the annual cycle of training. In both sportsmen, muscular power under short work remained stable at the level years and showed little change throughout the competition period up to its culmination... [to full text]