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Effect of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid on E-type prostaglandin synthesis and EP4 receptor signalling in human colorectal cancer cells.Hawcroft, Gillian, Loadman, Paul M., Belluzzi, Andrea, Hull, Mark A. January 2010 (has links)
The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the free fatty acid (FFA) form, has been demonstrated to reduce adenoma number and size in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. However, the mechanistic basis of the antineoplastic activity of EPA in the colorectum remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that EPA-FFA negatively modulates synthesis of and signaling by prostaglandin (PG) E(2) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. EPA-FFA induced apoptosis of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-positive human HCA-7 CRC cells in vitro. EPA-FFA in cell culture medium was incorporated rapidly into phospholipid membranes of HCA-7 human CRC cells and acted as a substrate for COX-2, leading to reduced synthesis of PGE(2) and generation of PGE(3). Alone, PGE(3) bound and activated the PGE(2) EP4 receptor but with reduced affinity and efficacy compared with its "natural" ligand PGE(2). However, in the presence of PGE(2), PGE(3) acted as an antagonist of EP4 receptor-dependent 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate induction in naturally EP4 receptor-positive LoVo human CRC cells and of resistance to apoptosis in HT-29-EP4 human CRC cells overexpressing the EP4 receptor. We conclude that EPA-FFA drives a COX-2-dependent "PGE(2)-to-PGE(3) switch" in human CRC cells and that PGE(3) acts as a partial agonist at the PGE(2) EP4 receptor.
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The effect of the consumption of three types of dietary fish on cardiovascular risk predictorsPatton, Beverly D. 08 December 1992 (has links)
Epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption
of fish may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Compared to the number of studies using fish oils, few
studies have used fish itself. Those which have used fish
have generally used fattier fish such as mackerel and salmon
as part of an uncontrolled diet. In this study, 23 healthy
men consumed 200g each of Chinook salmon, Dover sole, and
sablefish in a three-way crossover design for 18-day periods
with three-week washout periods in between. The diets had
the approximate composition of the 'Western' diet: 45%
carbohydrates, 36% fat, and 16% protein with the sole diet
containing 1.95 g omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, the salmon diet
3.99 g n-3, and the sablefish diet 3.42 g n-3 fatty acids.
Serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein
cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), bleeding time (BT), blood
pressure (BP), platelet aggregation (PA) using ADP and
collagen as agonists, platelet fatty acid profiles (FAP), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) , and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were
measured at the beginning and end of each period. TC, and
HDL-C, and TG changed significantly when compared to the
prefish diet while both LDL-C and apo B demonstrated diet
effect. LDL-C increased on both the salmon and sablefish
diets (p = 0.08) compared to the sole diet, and increased
approximately 15% on the former two diets compared to the
prefish diet. Bleeding time was significantly longer when
the salmon diet was consumed (p = 0.06). The impact of the
three diets on PA depended upon the agonist. With collagen,
only the sablefish diet decreased aggregation compared to
the prefish diet. When ADP was used, aggregation decreased
on both the fattier fish diets compared to the low fat fish
(sole). Similar results were demonstrated for TXB₂: the
fattier fish produced statistically equivalent decreases (p
= 0.06) among the diets, and lowered TXB₂ compared to the
prefish diet. There were no significant differences among
the diets for either systolic or diastolic BP though there
was a significant decrease (p = 0.01) in diastolic pressure
compared to the prefish diet when the salmon diet was
consumed. Platelet fatty acid profiles reflected diet
composition. / Graduation date: 1993
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Extraction and production of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate from Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax)Okada, Tomoko 05 May 2006 (has links)
Graduation date: 2006
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Oli de peix i producció vascular d'òxid nítric: possible paper protector en les lipoproteïnesLópez Martínez, Diego 24 July 2003 (has links)
Diferents estudis assenyalen que el consum de peix, a través dels àcids grassos poliinsaturats omega-3 (AGPI omega-3), pot prevenir malalties vasculars lligades a l'aterosclerosi. Els AGPI omega -3 són altament insaturats, la qual cosa els fa especialment susceptibles a l'atac oxidatiu. Com que la lipoperoxidació de les lipoproteïnes de baixa densitat (LDL) és un dels esdeveniments clau en les etapes inicials de la formació de la placa d'ateroma, això faria d'una suplementació amb oli de peix de la dieta un factor potencialment pro-aterogènic. Així doncs, hi ha d'haver altres mecanismes que contrarestin l'efecte pro-oxidant dels AGPI omega-3 i que expliquin les seves propietats antiaterogèniques. A partir dels AGPI omega-6 i omega-3, se sintetitzen dues sèries diferents d'eicosanoids. Generalment, els primers presenten una activitat biològica més gran que els segons. Les dues sèries d'eicosanoids constitueixen un element clau en les accions diferenciades dels AGPI omega-3 respecte dels AGPI omega -6. Entre les accions del AGPI omega -3, i pel que fa a l'aterogènesi, hipotetitzem la modulació de la producció de radicals lliures com l'òxid nítric (·NO), sintetitzat per l'enzim eNOS en l'endoteli vascular, i d'efecte relaxador, i l'anió superòxid, d'efecte vasoconstrictor.Per tal d'estudiar els efectes d'una suplementació amb AGPI omega-6 i amb AGPI omega -3 en vasos i en lipoproteïnes, s'alimentaren rates Sprague-Dawley, amb una dieta rica o bé en oli de blat de moro (5%, ric en AGPI omega -6), o bé en oli de peix (5%, ric en AGPI omega-3) durant 8 setmanes. Part dels animals, a més, reberen una suplementació addicional de L-arginina lliure, substrat de l'eNOS. Després del període d'alimentació, els animals eren sacrificats i se n'extreia l'aorta (per fer estudis vasculars) i la sang (per obtenir-ne les lipoproteïnes de molt baixa densitat (VLDL) i les LDL).Els estudis en bany d'òrgans van permetre d'observar un augment en la relaxació induïda per acetilcolina i mediada per ·NO en les rates suplementades amb oli de peix. L'augment d'aquestes relaxacions no era degut ni a una menor producció de superòxid (O2·-, principal agent limitador de la biodisponibilitat vascular de ·NO), ni a una major resposta del vas al ·NO (no hi havia diferències en les relaxacions induïdes per nitroprussiat sòdic, un donador de ·NO).D'altra banda, també augmentava, en les rates suplementades amb oli de peix, la producció basal de ·NO (avaluada per ressonància de spin electrònic), fenomen vinculat, a més, a l'estimulació de l'expressió del ARNm i de la proteïna d'eNOS. Això s'acompanyava d'una davallada del contingut de L-arginina lliure del teixit i d'un augment del GMPc. Quant a la suplementació de L-arginina en les dietes, aquesta produïa també un augment, en tots dos tipus d'olis, de la producció vascular de ·NO.Pel que fa a la fracció de VLDL+LDL, no s'hi observaven canvis deguts a la dieta en la mobilitat electroforètica, que és un indicador del grau d'oxidació nadiu d'aquestes. En canvi, la suplementació amb oli de peix davallava les reserves d'alfa-tocoferol de les lipoproteïnes. En consonància amb això, davant un atac oxidatiu ex vivo induït per Cu2+, les lipoproteïnes de les rates suplementades amb oli de peix, iniciaven l'oxidació abans, però alhora s'hi propagava menys ràpidament i el nivell màxim de diens conjugats era més baix.L'augment de la producció vascular de ·NO generat per la suplementació amb oli de peix, és un mecanisme potencialment antiaterogènic, a través del manteniment del to vascular mitjançant l'activitat vasorelaxadora del ·NO. A banda d'això, el ·NO, d'acord amb diversos estudis in vitro, actua com a antioxidant en lipoproteïnes que podria interferir en la propagació de l'oxidació in vivo i explicar la paradoxa de l'oli de peix en la prevenció de l'aterosclerosi.
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Adverse developmental programming of the adult phenotype by fetal glucocorticoid excess and its prevention by postnatal dietary Omega-3 fatty acidsWyrwoll, Caitlin Sarah January 2007 (has links)
[Truncated abstract] Increased incidence of hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to as the metabolic syndrome, has been linked to low birth weight, an indicator of a poor fetal environment. This association reflects developmental programming, a process by which organ systems are affected during early development such that disease states are more likely to emerge in adult life. Fetal glucocorticoid overexposure is thought to be a key factor that mediates developmental programming. Accordingly, maternal treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone retards fetal growth and leads to delayed puberty, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia, either with or without increased adiposity, in adult offspring. Importantly, the postnatal environment can either amplify or attenuate the long-term outcome of developmental programming. The focus of this thesis was whether adverse developmental programming outcomes can be attenuated by the postnatal environment and thus provide therapeutic potential. Specifically, the effects of a postnatal diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids on glucocorticoid-induced developmental programming outcomes was investigated. ... The adipocyte phenotype was examined in Study 6, with hyperleptinaemia evident in offspring at 6 and 12 months of age in dexamethasone-exposed animals on a standard omega-3 diet, but this effect was prevented by a high omega-3 diet. The pattern of plasma leptin was paralleled by changes in leptin mRNA in retroperitoneal fat. Similarly, plasma levels of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-1β were upregulated by prenatal glucocorticoid exposure and these were attenuated by postnatal dietary omega-3 fatty acids. Overall, omega-3 ingestion reduced adiposity, as indicated by measures of body composition. In conclusion, the studies presented in this thesis demonstrate for the first time that many of the detrimental effects of excess glucocorticoid exposure in utero on the adult phenotype can be attenuated by a postnatal diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids was associated with a reversal of some (e.g. adiposal leptin) but not all (e.g. renal GR) 'programmed' changes in gene expression. These findings raise the possibility that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may provide a viable therapeutic option for preventing and/or reducing adverse programming outcomes in humans.
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Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens : effects of maternal diet /Bautista Ortega, Jaime. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007-12-20. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-127). Also available on the World Wide Web.
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Vitamins, fatty acids, physical activity and peak bone mass /Högström, Magnus, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
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Fettsäurenmuster im Liquor cerebrospinalis von Erwachsenen und KindernGroßmann, Antje, January 2007 (has links)
Ulm, Univ. Diss., 2006.
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The omega-3 fatty acid content of krill protein concentrate influences bioavailability, tissue deposition, peroxidation, and metabolism in young ratsBridges, Kayla Marie. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 42 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-35).
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Marine oils : stabilization, structural characterization and omega-3 fatty acid concentration /Wanasundara, Udaya Nayanakantha, January 1996 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1997. / Restricted until December 2000. Bibliography: leaves [252]-282.
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