Introdução - O câncer de mama é dos tipos de câncer mais frequente no mundo e o mais comum entre as mulheres. Sabe-se que durante o desenvolvimento do câncer de mama diversos mecanismos regulatórios estão em desequilíbrio, enquanto processos como a inflamação crônica e as reações pró-oxidativas se encontram estimuladas. Nessa perspectiva, alguns estudos propõem que alguns fatores de risco ambientais possam ser modificados. Desses, grande destaque tem sido direcionado à dieta e, particularmente, ao perfil de gorduras consumidas. Objetivo - Avaliar a associação do índice -3, estresse oxidativo e composição corporal em mulheres com câncer de mama. Métodos - Foram selecionadas 101 mulheres com recém-diagnóstico de câncer de mama, com estadiamento tumoral I a IV. Essas pacientes foram selecionadas do serviço de Mastologia do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Ceará. Foram avaliados parâmetros antropométricos (peso, altura, IMC e circunferência da cintura) e de composição corporal por impedância bioelétrica. Após jejum de 12h foram obtidas amostras de sangue e a partir plasma foram analisados os marcadores do estresse oxidativo [LDL eletronegativa LDL(-) e seus auto anticorpos, 8-Oxo-2\'-deoxiguanosina - 8OHdG por meio de imunoensaios, vitaminas lipossolúveis por HPLC e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico -TBARS por teste colorimétrico]. O perfil de ácidos graxos nos eritrócitos foi determinado por cromatografia a gás e a partir do percentual de ácidos graxos eiocosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosahexaenoico (DHA) calculou-se o índice -3. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por meio de testes comparação de médias, correlações e modelos de regressão linear (SPSS 20.0). Resultados Não houve relação significativa entre ácidos graxos EPA, DHA e índice -3 e biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, antropométricos e de composição corporal (p>0,05). Entretanto, os antioxidantes lipossolúveis foram maiores em mulheres na pós-menopausa, com tumor em estágio inicial e linfonodos negativos. O conteúdo de TBARS associou-se com o estadiamento clínico. A adiposidade foi associada com concentrações de retinol e 8-OHdG, enquanto LDL(-), 8-OHdG e TBARS foram correlacionadas com antioxidantes lipossolúveis após o ajuste para fatores de confusão. Conclusão - O índice -3 não está 5 correlacionado com estresse oxidativo e composição corporal. Entretanto, marcadores do estresse oxidativo estiveram associados ao perfil clínico e a composição corporal nestas pacientes. / Introduction - Breast cancer is the most frequent types of cancer worldwide and the most common among women. It is known that during the development of breast cancer several regulatory mechanisms are in imbalance, while processes such as chronic inflammation and pro-oxidative reactions are stimulated. In this perspective, some studies suggest that some environmental risk factors can be modified. These, great emphasis has been directed to the diet and particularly to the profile of the fats consumed. Aim - Assess the association between -3 index, oxidative stress and body composition in women with breast cancer. Methods - 101 women with newly diagnosed breast cancer with tumor stages I to IV were selected. These patients were selected of the Service of Mastology of General Hospital of Fortaleza, Ceará. Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, BMI and waist circumference) and body composition by bioelectrical impedance were evaluated. After 12h fasting blood samples were obtained and, from the plasma, markers of oxidative stress were analyzed [electronegative LDL LDL(-) and their autoantibodies, 8-oxo-2\'-deoxyguanosine - 8OHdG by immunoassays, liposoluble vitamins by HPLC and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS by colorimetric test]. The profile of fatty acids in erythrocytes was determined by gas chromatography and, from the percentage of eiocosapentaenoico (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids, the -3 index was calculated. The results were analyzed by comparison of means tests, correlations and linear regression models (SPSS 20.0). Results - There was no significant relation between EPA, DHA and -3 index and biomarkers of oxidative stress, anthropometric and body composition (p>0.05). However, the liposoluble antioxidants were higher in postmenopausal women with early-stage tumors and negative lymph nodes. The content of TBARS was associated with clinical staging. Body fat was associated with retinol concentrations and 8-OHdG, while LDL(-), 8-OHdG and TBARS were correlated with liposoluble antioxidants after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusion - The -3 7 index is not correlated with oxidative stress and body composition. However, markers of oxidative stress were associated with the clinical profile and body composition in these patients.

Introdução: Os benefícios dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega 3 (w-3) no metabolismo lipídico e na saúde cardiovascular são amplamente aceitos. Entretanto, o impacto do w-3 na composição corpórea, na homeostase da glicose e consequente modificação do risco cardiovascular não tem sido foco dos desfechos primários da maioria dos estudos clínicos. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da suplementação de w-3 sobre a composição corporal, o controle glicêmico e o nível de risco cardiovascular em indivíduos adultos. Métodos: A partir de uma sub-amostra do estudo CARDIONUTRI (estudo clínico, randomizado, controlado e duplo cego com seguimento de 2 meses) foram selecionados 86 indivíduos (grupo w-6, 3g de óleo de girassol/d) e 88 indivíduos (grupo w-3, 3g de óleo de peixe/d 60 por cento EPA/DHA). O efeito das intervenções foi monitorado nos tempos basal e T=8 (oito semanas). Nestes períodos foram coletadas informações demográficas, clínicas, atividade física, dieta, antropométricas e de composição corporal. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas após jejum de 12h e a partir do plasma/soro foram avaliados glicemia, insulina, colesterol total e associado a LDL e HDL, triacilgliceróis e as apolipoproteína AI e B utilizando métodos comerciais. O nível de risco cardiovascular dos indivíduos foi estimado pelo Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF). Os resultados do efeito do tempo, da intervenção e das interações entre parâmetros monitorados e os desfechos foram analisados por meio do programa SPSS 20.0, sendo o nível de significância adotado de p<0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos inclusos era do sexo feminino e da raça branca, sem diferença entre os grupos. As doenças mais prevalentes em ambos os grupos foram a hipertensão arterial, o diabetes mellitus e as dislipidemias. Não foram observadas mudanças de glicemia e insulina de jejum, HOMA-IR e HOMA 2- por cento S, com a suplementação de w-3, exceto nos indivíduos com risco cardiovascular intermediário, segundo o ERF. Em relação aos parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal, a população feminina do grupo w-3 apresentou redução do percentual de massa gorda ao longo do tempo e intervenção, assim como, foi também observada tal redução entre os indivíduos com alto risco cardiovascular. Não foi contatada variação na distribuição do ERF, apesar da melhora de seus componentes (colesterol total e HDL-C). Conclusões: A suplementação com w-3 promoveu redução de insulina e HOMA-IR nos indivíduos com ERF intermediário. Observou ainda efeito benéfico na redução do percentual de gordura corporal entre as mulheres e indivíduos com ERF alto, assim como na diminuição do colesterol total e aumento da HDL-C. / Introduction: The benefits of polyunsaturated omega 3 (n-3) on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health fatty acids are widely accepted. However, the impact of n-3 in body composition, glucose homeostasis and consequent modification of cardiovascular risk has not been the focus of the primary outcomes of most clinical trials. Aim: To evaluate the impact of n-3 supplementation on body composition, glycemic control and the level of cardiovascular risk in adults. Methods: From a subsample of CARDIONUTRI study were selected (clinical, randomized, controlled, double blind study with follow-up of 2 months) 86 patients (group n-6, 3g of sunflower oil/d) and 88 individuals (n-3 group, 3g fish oil/d - 60 per cent EPA/DHA ). The effect of the interventions was monitored at baseline and T = 8 (eight weeks). In these periods were collected demographic information, clinical, physical activity, diet, anthropometric and body composition. After 12h fasting, blood samples were collected and, from plasma/serum, were evaluated glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, cholesterol associated with LDL and HDL, triacylglycerol, apolipoprotein AI and B using standard methods. The level of cardiovascular risk of individuals was estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The results of the effect of the time of the intervention and the interactions between monitored parameters and outcomes were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program and the level of significance of p < 0.05. Results: The majority of individuals included were female and white, with no difference between groups. The most prevalent diseases in both groups were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. No change was observed in glucose and fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA 2- per cent S, with supplementation with n-3, except in patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk, according to the FRS. Regarding the anthropometric and body composition parameters, the n-3 group showed a reduction in the percentage of fat mass among females over time and intervention, as was also observed that reduction among individuals at high cardiovascular risk. There was no variation in the distribution of the ERF, despite the improvement of its components (total cholesterol and HDL-C). Conclusions: Supplementation with n-3 promoted reduction of insulin and HOMA-IR in subjects with intermediate FRS. It noted beneficial effect in reducing the percentage of body fat among women and individuals with high FRS, as well as decreased total cholesterol and increased HDL-C.

Foram utilizadas 288 galinhas poedeiras Babcock, durante o periodo de 9 semanas, com o objetivo de se verificar o efeito de teores crescentes de linhaça, associados ou não ao óleo de peixe na ração, sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos do ovo. Paralelamente, avaliou-se o desempenho das aves, qualidade externa e interna, características sensoriais e teor de colesterol dos ovos. Foi empregado esquema fatorial 2X6 em blocos casualizados, sendo as aves alimentadas com dieta controle (isenta de produtos de origem animal) contendo linhaça moída (0%, 7%, 14%,21%, 28% e 35%), adicionada ou não de óleo de peixe (2%). O peso dos ovos sofreu redução significativa (p<0,05) a partir do uso de 21% de linhaça na ração, e de 14% quando da associação com o óleo de peixe. A postura das aves foi reduzida com a utilização de 28% e 35% de linhaça na ração, independentemente do uso de óleo de peixe na dieta. A qualidade dos ovos não foi alterada com o uso de ambos ingredientes e o teor de colesterol, expresso em mg/g, foi significativamente aumentado com 35% de linhaça. O teor de ácido linolênico na gema sofreu aumento crescente com a elevação da concentração dietética de linhaça, sendo sua deposição acentuada com a adição concomitante de óleo de peixe. A porcentagem de EPA (ácido eicosapentaenóico) na gema foi significativamente elevada com a utilização de 35% de linhaça na ração, sendo que o uso combinado de óleo de peixe determinou incremento do EPA a partir de 7% de linhaça na dieta. A concentração de DHA (ácido docosahexaenóico) na gema foi significativamente aumentada a partir de 7% de linhaça dietética, sendo este incremento mais marcante com a associação do óleo de peixe. O óleo de peixe e a linhaça na ração determinaram relação ômega-6/ômega-3 (n-6/n-3) estreita na gema, de acordo com recomendações nutricionais vigentes. As equações de regressão permitem estimar os teores de ácido Iinolênico, EPA, DHA, ácido araquidônico, total de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) n-3 e relação n-6/n-3 na gema a partir de concentrações de linhaça e de ácido linolênico na ração. O sabor de peixe foi detectado nos ovos provenientes dos grupos alimentados com óleo de peixe combinado com 28 e 35% de linhaça. Para se maximizar os teores de PUFAs n-3, especialmente os de cadeia longa, sem resultar em prejuízo do desempenho produtivo e do sabor dos ovos, a combinação de 2% de óleo de peixe com 7% de linhaça na ração mostrou ser a mais adequada. / To investigate the effect of increasing levels of dietary flaxseed, combined or not with fish oil, upon fatty acid composition of eggs, 288 Babcock laying hens were used for a 9 week experimental period. Reproductive performance of hens, internal and external egg quality, egg flavor, and yolk cholesterol levels were evaluated. The experiment had a 2X6 factorial design, hens were fed a basal diet (without animal products) supplemented with ground flaxseed (0%, 7%, 14%,21%,28% and 35%), combined or not with fish oil (2%). Egg weight was significantly decreased (p<0,05) frem 21% dietary flaxseed, and from 14% when fish oil was added to the diet. In birds fed either 28% or 35% flaxseed, egg production was depressed, regardless of the addition of fish oil. Feeding diets containing both fat sources did not affect egg quality, and yolk cholesterol content (mg/g) was significantly increased in eggs laid by hens fed 35% flaxseed. Yolk concentrations of linolenic acid were enhanced as a result of feeding hens increasing levels of dietary flaxseed, and its deposition was markedly increased when fish oil was included in the diet. Yolk contents of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) were significantly increased when diets included 35% flaxseed, and the combination with fish oil produced enhanced levels of EPA from 7% dietary flaxseed. Egg contents of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) were significantly increased from 7% dietary flaxseed, and the deposition of such n-3 fatty acid was greater when in combination with fish oil. Dietary fish oil and flaxseed caused a narrow ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, meeting the current dietary allowances. Regression equations allow to predict contents of linolenic acid, EPA, DHA, arachidonic acid, total of n-3 fatty acids and ratio of n-6 to n-3 in the yolk from levels of dietary flaxseed or linolenic acid. Fishy flavor was detected in eggs from hens fed 2% fish oil combined with flaxseed at 28 or 35%. In order to maximize the content of n-3, mainly the longer chain n-3 fatty acids, without impairing performance parameters and egg flavor, the combination of 2% fish oil and 7% flaxseed in the hen\'s diet is the most appropriate.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSE AUGUSTO POCHAPSKI.pdf: 2266023 bytes, checksum: e6666fece9c726545eef3a5015509386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world population. However, its current treatment comes down to symptomatic relief. The omega-3 (-3) being an essential fatty acid for brain development, has been showing beneficial effects in PD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether treatment with -3 during early neurodevelopment periods provides a nootropic, antidepressant and/or neuroprotective effect in an animal model of PD. For this, female rats were treated with -3 during pregnancy (150, 300, 600 mg/Kg/day) and during pregnancy + lactation (300 mg/Kg /day). After completing two months of age the male offspring were submitted to the tests of sucrose preference, social recognition, object recognition and open field. Completing three months of age, the animals received in the prosencefalic unilateral 6-OHDA infusion and subsequent test of the rotational behavior or bilateral 6-OHDA infusion and subsequent tests of sucrose preference, social recognition and open field. A nootropic effect of -3 was observed from the results obtained on the tests of social recognition (-3 600) and object recognition (all groups -3). Regarding the animal model of PD, the -3 (all -3 groups) showed a reduction of the cognitive deficits induced by 6-OHDA, but without na antidepressive effect, although there was no demonstration of neuroprotection after unilateral lesion with 6-OHDA. Thus, this study the -3 demonstrated an nootropic and a possible neuroprotective effect of the -3 administration during the pregnancy period. / A doença de Parkinson (DP) é a segunda doença neurodegenerativa mais comum na população mundial, entretanto, seu atual tratamento resume-se a alívios sintomáticos. O ômega-3 (-3) sendo um ácido graxo essencial no neurodesenvolvimento, também vem apresentando efeitos benéficos na DP. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se o tratamento com -3 durante os períodos iniciais do neurodesenvolvimento proporciona um efeito nootrópico, antidepressivo e/ou neuroprotetor em um modelo animal da DP. Para isso, ratas foram tratadas com -3 durante a gestação (150 ou 300 ou 600 mg/Kg/dia) e durante a gestação+lactação (300 mg/Kg/dia). Após terem completado dois meses de idade, os filhotes machos foram submetidos aos testes de preferência à sacarose, reconhecimento social, reconhecimento de objetos e campo aberto. Completando 3 meses de idade, estes animais receberam no feixe prosencefálico medial infusão unilateral de 6-OHDA e posterior teste do comportamento rotatório ou infusão bilateral de 6-OHDA e subsequentes testes de preferência à sacarose, reconhecimento social e campo aberto. Foi observado um efeito nootrópico do -3 a partir dos resultados obtidos aos dois meses nos testes de reconhecimento social (-3 600mg/Kg) e reconhecimento de objetos (todos grupos -3). Em relação ao modelo animal da DP, o tratamento com -3 (todos os grupos ω-3) reduziu os prejuízos cognitivos induzidos pela 6-OHDA, porém sem apresentar efeito antidepressivo nestes,além de não reduzir o número de rotações contralaterais após a lesão unilateral com a 6-OHDA. Com isso, demonstramos neste trabalho um efeito nootrópico e,possivelmente neuroprotetor, da administração do -3 durante o período da gestação. Palavras chave: Ômega-3. Neurodesenvolvimento. Doença de Parkinson.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os determinantes de consumo de peixe na população que freqüenta feiras livres do município de Santo André, SP. Foram entrevistadas 482 pessoas em 49 feiras-livres. Aplicou-se um questionário constituído de questões abertas, semi abertas e fechadas destinadas a identificação e avaliação das características sócio-econômicas, fatores que facilitam e dificultam o consumo de peixe e os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do produto. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados e posteriormente foram aplicados testes para verificar associação e linearidade entre as variáveis com o consumo, com nível de significância de 5%. Os fatores que facilitam o consumo de peixe foram: renda, escolaridade completa, forma de apresentação do produto, aquisição em feiras livres, sabor, aparência, firmeza da carne e presença de crianças na família. Já os fatores que limitam o consumo foram: preço e espinhos. A perecibilidade, odor, etnia, proximidade dos pontos de venda da residência e do trabalho, sexo, idade, número de pessoas no lar e aquisição em supermercado não foram características que influenciaram a decisão de compra e consumo de peixe. Os aspectos considerados para avaliar o frescor do peixe foram predominantemente visuais. / The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of fish consumption in the population that frequents the street markets of the Santo André municipality, State of São Paulo, by interviewing a total of 482 persons in 49 markets. A questionnaire constituted of open, semi-open and closed questions was applied in order to identify and evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of the population, factors that make easy or difficult the fish consumption, and the aspects considered for the evaluation of the freshness of the products. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out and subsequently statistical tests were applied to check the existence of association and linearity between the variables and the consumption, using a level of significance of 5 %. The factors that make easy the consumption of fish were: income, complete schooling, and presentation of the product, acquisition in free markets, taste, appearance, firmness of the flesh, and the presence of children in the families. On the other side, the factors that limit the consumption were the price and the fish thorns. The fact of being easily perishable, odor, ethnic, proximity of the points of sale from the residence and of the work, sex, age, number of persons in the home, and acquisition in supermarkets were not characteristics influencing the decision of purchase and consumption of fish. The aspects considered to evaluate the freshness of the fish were predominantly visual.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da alimentação na composição de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros terminados em pastagens tropicais. Foram utilizados seis cordeiros testers com idade média de quatro meses, castrados e desmamados, por parcela, em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os tratatamentos consistiam em: 1) Somente capim aruana; 2) Capim aruana e suplementação concentrada - 1,5% do PC; 3) Capim aruana e suplementação concentrada - 2,5% do P.C. e 4) Capim aruana e suplementação com Feijão Guandú (pastejo controlado – 3h/dia em piquete anexo). Os animais tinham livre acesso à água e sal mineral. Ao final de 90 dias os animais foram abatidos. As carcaças foram seccionadas ao meio e na meia carcaça esquerda coletou-se o corte do L. thoracis para posterior análise lipídica por cromatografia gasosa. Foi realizada análise de variância para testar o efeito dos tratamentos sobre o perfil lipídico do lombo e foram calculados os índices de Aterogenicidade (IA) e Trombogenicidade (IT) e relação de ácidos graxos hipocolesterolêmicos e hipercolesterolêmicos (h/H). Não houve efeito do sistema de alimentação em importantes ácidos graxos como, palmítico, esteárico, total de n-6 e total de ácidos graxos saturados. Já os ácidos graxos oleico, linoleico, CLA, linolênico, totais de monoinsaturados e polinsaturados, n-3 e relações, e também os ácidos graxos de cadeia longa EPA e DHA diferiram entre os tratamentos, com maiores concentrações nos tratamentos com somente aruana e aruana + feijão guandu. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para os IA e IT e relação h/H, no entanto os valores encontrados para a relação h/H foram favoráveis em todos os tratamentos. Esses resultados indicaram que os sistemas de alimentação sem inclusão de concentrado são favoráveis à modificação do perfil lipídico elevando o teor de AG desejáveis. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diet on fatty acid composition of meat from lambs finished in tropical pastures. We used six testers lambs with an average age of four months, castrated and weaned per plot in a block design at random. The tratataments were: 1) Only aruana grass; 2) aruana grass and concentrate supplementation - 1.5% of B.W.; 3) aruana grass and concentrate supplementation - 2.5% of BW and 4) aruana grass and supplementation - pigeonpea (controlled grazing - 3h/day attached picket). The animals had free access to water and mineral salt. After 90 days of experiment the animals were slaughtered. The carcasses were cut longitudinally on right side and left side. A portion of L. thoracis was cut between the 12th and 13 th rib for further lipid analysis by gas chromatography. Analysis of variance was performed to test the effect of treatment on the meat lipid profile. Atherogenicity Index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI) and the hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids ratio (h/H) were calculated. There was no effect of the feed system in many important fatty acids, such as palmitic, stearic, total n-6 and total saturated fatty acids. In contrat, an effect of the feeding systems was observed for, oleic acid, linoleic acid, CLA, linolenic, total monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, n-3 and relations.The feeding systems also affecte the concentration of long chain fatty acids as EPA and DHA, which were present in higher concentrations for lambs that grazed only aruana and aruana + pigeonpea. There was feeding system effect for the AI and TI index and ratio h/H, however the values found for the h/H ratio were favorable in all treatments. These results indicates that the feeding systems without concentrate inclusion promote better lipid profile on lamb meat.

Com a utilização de 18 éguas, adultas, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 521±56 Kg, em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com três tratamentos e seis repetições por tratamento com medidas repetidas no tempo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com ácidos graxos ômegas 3 e ômega 6 sobre a composição do colostro e leite de éguas e transferência imunitária para os potros. Diferenças significativas encontradas foram na qualidade do leite das éguas onde foi observado efeito de tempo (semanas) sobre as variáveis de gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais. Para a variável sólidos totais observou-se efeito do tratamento, semana e da inclusão de óleo na dieta. Observou-se nos potros uma atividade linfoproliferativa, no grupo óleo de soja semelhante ao encontrado no grupo controle, em ambos os períodos analisados. O grupo óleo de linhaça apresentou atividade linfoproliferativa maior do que a encontrada nos dois outros grupos no dia sete. No dia trinta, o grupo de linhaça continuou a apresentar uma maior atividade proliferativa, no entanto sem diferença estatística. A suplementação fonte de óleo aumentou a energia dietética disponível e a resposta proliferativa das éguas do dia sete. Observou-se que a suplementação com óleo de linhaça promoveu um aumento das concentrações dos isótopos IgGa e IgGb no colostro. A concentração média de IgGa no grupo óleo de linhaça foi quase 4 vezes superior aquela encontrada no colostro das éguas do grupo controle e quase 3 vezes superior aquela encontrada no grupo suplementado com óleo de soja com uma significância de. Assim concluímos que o ômega 3 melhorou a posta linfoproliferativa e aumentou a concentração de IgGb, porem não alterou os componentes do leite. / With the use of 18 mares, adult mongrel with a mean weight of 521 ± 56 kg in completely randomized design with three treatments and six replicates per treatment with repeated measures. The objectives of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with fatty acids omega 3 and omega 6 on the composition of colostrum and milk of mares and foals for immune transfer. Significant differences were found in milk quality mares where was no effect of time (weeks) on the variables of fat, protein, lactose and total solids. For variable total solids was observed effect of treatment week and oil inclusion in the diet. It was observed in foals lymphoproliferative activity in the soybean oil group similar to that found in the control group in both periods analyzed. The group linseed oil lymphoproliferative showed activity greater than that found in the other two groups on day seven. On the thirtieth day, the flaxseed group continued to show a higher proliferative activity, however no statistical difference. The source of oil supplementation increased dietary energy available and the proliferative response of mares of day seven. It was observed that supplementation with flaxseed oil promoted increases in concentrations of isotopes and IgGa IgGb in colostrum. The average concentration of IgGa group in linseed oil was almost 4 times higher than that found in colostrum of mares in the control group and almost 3 times higher than that found in the group supplemented with soybean oil with a significance. Thus we conclude that omega 3 put lymphoproliferative improved and increased the concentration of Ig, but it does not change the components of milk.

The purpose of this study was to determine if supplementation of two grams of fish oil for 90 days would significantly lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. The Hispanic American population is at an increased risk for CVD. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in fish oil have been found to reduce risk of CVD. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and received either two grams of fish oil or corn oil (control) per day for 90 days. Before and after the trial, participant blood lipids and plasma fatty acids were evaluated. Respired air samples were obtained to evaluate plasma fatty acids. Although analysis of blood lipids and plasma fatty acids did not show sufficient evidence to disprove the null hypothesis, this study is an important model for future studies concerning fish oil to lower CVD risk in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes.

Orientador: Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho / Banca: Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa / Banca: Mauro Sartori Bueno / Banca: Márcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes / Banca: Fabiana Alves de Almeida / Banca: Juliana Duarte Messana / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, os parâmetros quantitativos da carcaça e os qualitativos e sensoriais da carne de cordeiros Ile de France terminados em confinamento, recebendo dietas com crescentes inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros não castrados com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 20 ± 0,2 kg de peso corporal, alojados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 35,0 ± 0,2 kg. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro dietas: D0- silagem de milho + concentrado sem farinha de algas; D2- silagem de milho + concentrado + 2% de farinha de algas; D4- silagem de milho + concentrado + 4% de farinha de algas e D6- silagem de milho + concentrado + 6% de farinha de algas. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi 40:60, compondo dietas com semelhantes teores proteicos (15%) e energéticos (3,3 Mcal de energia digestível/kg de matéria seca). Os dados foram avaliados num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, com os graus de liberdade desdobrados em efeitos linear, quadrático e cúbico. As inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas influenciaram (P<0,05) o consumo de nutrientes, com efeito linear decrescente para matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido (FDA) e energia bruta (EB), e crescente para a fração EE (ext... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibility, quantitative parameters of carcass, and qualitative and sensory parameters of meat in feedlot-finished lambs fed diets with increasing levels of marine algae meal inclusion. Thirty-two newly weaned 60-day-old uncastrated Ile de France lambs weighing 20.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight were used. The animals were housed in invidual pens and slaughtered at 35.0 ± 0.2 kg. The treatments were composed of four diets: D0- corn silage + concentrate without algae meal; D2- corn silage + concentrate + 2% algae meal; D4- corn silage + concentrate + 4% algae meal; and D6- corn silage + concentrate + 6% algae meal. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60, and diets were formulated with similar protein (15%) and energy (3.3 Mcal digestible energy/kg DM) contents. The data were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and eight replications. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The algae meal contente were broken down into linear, quadratic and cubic effects. Marine algae meal levels influenced (P<0.05) nutrient intake, with a linear decrease seen in DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and GE; the opposite effect was found on EE, which increased linearly. Likewise, nutrient digestibility was influenced (P<0.05) by the algae meal levels, which linearly reduced the digestibilities of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, TC, and NFC. The digestibility of the EE fraction rose linearly (P<0.0... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The current obesity epidemic has intensified research on lifestyle interventions aimed at combating obesity and associated cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic risk. This clustering of risk factors with obesity is known as the “Metabolic Syndrome” (MS). There is now a large body of evidence detailing the ability of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) and regular moderate exercise to independently ameliorate several CV risk factors; however the combination of these interventions may be a more effective strategy in reducing CV risk than either treatment alone. This thesis describes the independent and combined effects of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich fish oil, and regular moderate exercise, on CV, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Sedentary, overweight volunteers (BMI > 25kg/m2) with mild hypertension (140/90 – 160/100mmHg), elevated plasma triglycerides (TAG) (>1.6mmol/L) or elevated total cholesterol (TC) (>5.5mmol/L) were recruited in three cohorts for a 12-week intervention trial. Subjects were randomised to one of the following interventions: fish oil, fish oil and exercise, sunflower oil (placebo), sunflower oil and exercise. Subjects consumed 6 g/day of DHA-rich fish oil (26% DHA, 6% EPA; ~1.9g n-3 FA) or sunflower oil. The exercise groups walked 3 days/wk for 45 min, at 75% age-predicted maximal heart rate (HR). Outcome measures were assessed and compared across each intervention group at Weeks 0, 6 and 12, with the exception of body composition, heart rate variability (HRV) and immune functions, which were assessed at Weeks 0 and 12 only. Apart from the consumption of allocated capsules, all subjects were instructed to maintain their normal diet during the study. If not asked to exercise as part of the intervention subjects were also instructed to maintain their normal level of physical activity. Supplementation with DHA rich fish oil resulted in substantial increases in total long chain n-3 FA and DHA levels in erythrocyte membranes, accompanied by reduction of TAG, increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and reduction of superoxide production by stimulated neutrophils. Both the increase in HDL and the decrease in superoxide production were correlated with the change in erythrocyte DHA. Endothelium dependent arterial vasodilation (assessed by flow-mediated dilatation, FMD), HRV and HR response to exercise were also improved in subjects supplemented with the DHA-rich fish oil. Regular moderate intensity exercise, either alone or in addition to the DHA-rich fish oil supplementation, had no effect on these parameters, although it improved the compliance of small resistance arteries. Interestingly, however, both DHA-rich fish oil and regular exercise reduced body fat and these effects were additive when the interventions were combined. The change in fat mass was accompanied by an increase in fat oxidation during exercise, as measured by the respiratory exchange ratio. For the population as a whole, reductions in total and abdominal fat mass were associated with reductions in blood pressure. In summary, this study is the first to evaluate the metabolic and CV benefits that can be achieved by combining n-3 FA supplementation from fish oil and regular aerobic exercise in overweight/obese adults. While this combination did not produce any synergistic effects, several independent benefits were attained. The high compliance rate (>85%) within this study indicates that this intervention is well tolerated and may therefore be sustainable in the longer term. Future research should evaluate the mechanisms underlying the n-3 FA - mediated improvements in body composition. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1283720 / Thesis (PhD) -- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2007