This diploma thesis describes the legal position of partners in a limited liability company, through the analysis of theirs rights and duties. For a complete view of main theme the part of this thesis is devoted to the basic characteristics of a limited liability company. The diploma thesis also reflects the changes in the Czech legal order and the impacts of these changes on the concept of limited liability companies and the rights and duties of theirs partners.

Este trabalho analisa em sua primeira parte as sociedades por ações, apresentando sua definição, estrutura orgânica e destrinchando, em especial, os órgãos de administração, com a delimitação de suas respectivas funções, atribuições e papéis. delimitada a questão estrutural referente à administração de companhias são analisados propriamente os deveres impostos aos administradores de sociedades por ações, definindo-se cada um dos deveres legalmente previstos, bem como descrevendo as condutas esperadas dos administradores e respectivas consequências legais referentes a comportamentos diversos daqueles impostos pelos deveres. o trabalho define, ainda, o regime de responsabilidade civil a que estão sujeitos os administradores de sociedades por ações, bem como as respectivas esferas em que dita responsabilidade civil pode aflorar (relações entre, de um lado, administradores e, de outro, companhia, acionistas e terceiros), tudo de acordo com os ditames instituídos pela lei 6.404/76 (lsa). por fim, busca-se definir as hipóteses de exoneração da responsabilidade civil de administradores de companhias, especialmente para a finalidade de que seja gerada segurança jurídica aos atores que desempenham essa primordial função em nossa sociedade. / This work analyzes in its first part the corporations, presenting its definition, organic structure and unraveling, in particular, the administrative bodies, with the delineation of their respective functions, responsibilities and main issues. bounded the structural matters concerning the administration of companies, this work analyzes specifically the duties imposed on directors and officers, setting up each of the legally prescribed duties, as well as describing the conduct expected of directors and officers and the legal consequences if their conduct is differently than those imposed by law. this work also defines the system of civil liability to which are subjected the directors and officers of a company, and their respective spheres in which such liability may emerge (relations between, in one hand, directors and officers, and in other hand, company, shareholders and third parties), all in accordance with the dictates imposed by law no. 6.404/76 (lsa). finally, this works seeks to define the main causes of release from civil liability of directors and officers of companies, especially for the purpose of legal stability that should have these directors and officers of companies that play a primary role in our society.

This study reports the duties and activities of surveyed public school business education teachers and offers some training alternatives.

Magister Legum - LLM / If a company is harmed by the behaviour of a director as a result of financial misstatements, shareholders may suffer the economic consequences in the form of a diminution in the value of their shares. Failure on directorship level in these circumstances has on more than one occasion resulted in aggrieved shareholders seeking to recover damages suffered and losses incurred in terms of section 218(2) of the Companies Act 2008. This was the situation in the recent cases, Hlumisa Investment Holdings (RF) Limited v Kirkinis and in Itzikowitz v Absa Bank Limited. While I am unaware of any reported case arising from the much-publicised Steinhoff scandal, there appear to be moves in the direction of court action to recover pure economic loss. Steinhoff shareholders are seeking to hold the retail group‘s directors to account. Scandals like Steinhoff and African bank are disturbing because it points to a lack of clarity and certainty in South African company laws in respect of director‘s personal liability in these circumstances. It is for this reason that this study investigates whether shareholders can institute personal liability claims against directors for causing shareholders a diminution of the value of the shares in the company as a result of poor decision making on directorship level, since such a loss is merely reflective of the company‘s loss. Although, after Itzikowitz v Absa Bank Limited, the position seems to be settled in our law, we still have incidences where shareholders are seeking to hold directors personally liable for the diminution in share price under section 218(2) of the Companies Act 2008. It is for this reason that the study explores the scope of section 218(2) and investigates many related questions surrounding section 218(2), in light of directors‘ personal liability and shareholder protection.

Recently, the South African Legislature partially codified the common law duties of directors with the Companies Act, 71 of 2008 (hereafter referred to as „the 2008 Companies Act‟) which came into effect on 1st May 2011. Chapter 2 of the 2008 Companies Act is dedicated to the formation, administration and dissolution of companies. „Part F‟ thereof elaborately provides for governance of companies, and section 76 contained therein requires directors and other company office bearers to meet the standards of directors‟ conduct as prescribed therein. All of these duties are in accordance with the principles of common law as indicated in section 77 subsection (2) (a) where non-compliance will attract legislated liabilities as provided for in section 77 of the 2008 Companies Act. While the standards of directors‟ conduct remains within the bounds of common law, what impact will this codification have on South Africa‟s corporate law? And what are the realities of its enforcement? / Dissertation LLM--University of Pretoria, 2012. / hb2014 / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

This study aimed to investigate and describe the School Management Team (SMT) members' understanding of their duties as stipulated in the Personnel Administration Measures (PAM, 1998). A qualitative research approach was used to investigate SMT members' understanding of their duties within school management teams. Principals of three purposively selected Secondary Schools, in the Sepitsi circuit of the Lebowakgomo District of the Limpopo Province of South Africa, acted as participants for this study, together with two purposively selected members of their school's SMT. Each participant was interviewed, using a semi-structured interview. The study was framed by a conceptual framework made up of concepts gleaned from distributed leadership theory, together with the core duties of SMT members as stipulated in the PAM (1998). The main findings of this study are that most principals still have a problem regarding the concept of working as a team and that although participants have access to the PAM document, many have not read it and therefore do not know what their roles on the SMT require. This causes conflict and disunity among SMT members, with a negative impact on leadership and management effectiveness. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

The duty to act with the diligence of a professional manager and consequences of the violation of this duty This thesis deals with the duty to act with the diligence of a professional manager and the consequences of doing so. The author of the thesis tries to define in detail the duty to act with the diligence of a professional manager as a standard form of conduct and its individual definition components and also the consequences that occur in case of breach of this duty. The thesis defines the theoretical basis and tries to critically evaluate problematic issues related to this standard of conduct and to bring their own opinion on the matter.The thesis is divided into six parts. The first part deals with the master-agent issues and the related costs of representation. Shortly, attention is paid to the fiduciary duty and the reasons for its anchoring in general. The second chapter deals with the development of the duty to act with the diligence of a professional manager from the time of the General Austrian Civil Code of Law to legislation in the Civil Code in force and the Business Corporations Act. The third chapter defines individual elements of the care of a professional manager, namely the duty of loyalty, due care and necessary knowledge, with a partial overlap into foreign legal systems....

Alena Adamcová Name of thesis: Cardinal Beran`s Contribution to the field of pastoral work Abstract Cardinal Josef Beran`s personality is shown from the point of view of a pastoral worker and a pastor with the help of analysis of Beran`s written works, namely within his pedagogical and educational activities, in the time of internment and in the Roman exile. The work describes Cardinal Beran`s pastoral activity as a pedagogue, a diocesan bishop and a cardinal based also on the research of other available sources

This diploma theses is focused on support of class teachers on the beginning of their career in high schools, generally, the core of this work is its competences necessary for the performance of this function and the duties connected with it, its legislative framework. I chose this topic as i am a class teacher for the first time. And would like to do this work with high responsibility. Meanwhile I'm inspired by more experienced colleagues, whose advice are very precious to me. The aim of this work is to cover the topic of competences of class teachers in secondary vocational schools. To include the aspect of socialization - adaptation of class team, social structure of the class, education of this social group. In the empirical part of this work is case study of class teachers and their work experiences. Semi structured interviews are mapping demands of fulfilling their duties, personal experience in positive and negative aspect. i conducted these semi structured interviews in private high school with two class teachers. The objective of this diploma thesis is that support for beginning teachers at a given school has a lot of room for improvement. The semi-structured in-depth interviews showed that support for beginning classrooms is provided by rather informal help to senior colleagues, less so...

Fostrets rörelser kan vara en indikator på den intrauterina miljön, där avtagande fosterrörelser kan tyda på att moderkakan inte fungerar optimalt. När fostret får för lite syre och näring spar fostret energi genom att röra sig mindre. Det finns olika räknemetoder för att registrera fosterrörelser. Metoderna har utvecklats för att identifiera ett foster som är under risk, där förlossningen måste tidigareläggas för att rädda barnets liv. Evidens för räknemetodernas effektivitet diskuteras i en pågående internationell diskurs. Mindfetalness är en ny metod för att observera fostrets rörelser, där fokus är att registrera rörelsernas styrka, kvalité och karaktär utan att räkna varje enskild rörelse.   Syftet var att undersöka barnmorskors upplevelse av att arbeta med Mindfetalness på barnmorskemottagning.   I december 2017 genomfördes en datainsamling, med hjälp av ett webb-baserat frågeformulär, till barnmorskor som arbetar på en mottagning som lottats att dela ut en broschyr till gravida kvinnor. Svaren analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats.   Majoriteten av barnmorskorna upplevde att broschyren var lätthanterlig, stödjande och den kompletterade deras muntliga information om fosterrörelser. Barnmorskorna upplevde att kvinnorna var nöjda och kände sig trygga med att få broschyren. I några få fall upplevde barnmorskorna att kvinnorna blev oroliga. Barnmorskorna förmedlade att informationen om Mindfetalness underlättade kvinnornas anknytning till sitt ofödda barn. Att informera om fosterrörelser var enligt barnmorskorna svårt men samtidigt viktigt och betydelsefullt.   Mindfetalness kan vara en lämplig metod för barnmorskor att använda då de informerar och samtalar om fostrets rörelser med gravida kvinnor. Fler studier behövs om metodens effektivitet avseende att identifiera foster under risk. / Fetal movements can be an indicator of the intrauterine environment, where reduced fetal movements may interpret a placenta deficiency. When a shortage of oxygen and nutrition occurs the fetus saves energy by moving less frequently. There are a variety of methods for recording fetal movements. The methods have been created to identify a fetus at risk and the delivery might be put in advance to save the fetus’s life. There is an on-going international discussion whether the counting methods carries enough evidence. Mindfetalness is a new method to observe fetal movements, where the main focus is to record the strength, quality and characteristic of the movements without counting each and every movement.   The purpose was to observe midwives experience working with Mindfetalness at midwifery clinics.   In December 2017 data collection was conducted via a web-based questionnaire including midwives practicing at antenatal clinics, which were randomized to hand out brochures to pregnant women. The responses were analysed based on a content analysis with inductive approaches.   A majority of the midwives experienced the brochure manageable, supporting and complemented the verbal information about fetal movements. The midwives experienced that the women perceived satisfaction and felt secure receiving the brochure. A few women experienced anxiety according to the midwives. The midwives conveyed the information of Mindfetalness facilitate the women’s attachment to their unborn child. To inform about fetal movements was according to the midwives difficult but at same time important and meaningful.   Mindfetalness can be an appropriate method for midwives when informing and talking about fetal movements to pregnant women. Further research focused on the methods efficacy to identify a fetus at risk is necessary.