Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a special application of the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) for managing road traffic and substantially contributes to the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). VANET was introduced as a standard for data communication between moving vehicles with and without fixed infrastructure. It aims to support drivers by improving safety and driving comfort as a step towards constructing a safer, cleaner and a more intelligent environment. Nowadays, vehicles are manufactured equipped with a number of sensors and devices called On Board Units (OBU) assisting the vehicle to sense the surrounding environment and then process the context information to effectively manage communication with the surrounding vehicles and the associated infrastructure. A number of challenges have emerged in VANET that have encouraged researchers to investigate this concept further. Many of the recent studies have applied different technologies for intelligent parking management. However, despite all the technological advances, researchers are no closer to developing a system that enables drivers to easily locate and reserve a parking space. Limited resources such as energy, storage space, availability and reliability are factors which could have contributed to the lack success and progress in this area. The task then is to close these gaps and present a novel solution for parking. This research intends to address this need by developing a novel architecture for locating and reserving a parking space that best matches the driver's preferences and vehicle profile without distracting the driver. The simple and easy-to-use mechanism focuses on the domain of an intelligent parking system that exploits the concept of InfoStation (IS) and context-aware system creating a single framework to locate and reserve a parking space. A three tier network topology comprising of vehicles, IS and the InfoStation Centre (ISC) has been proposed as the foundation of the on-street parking system architecture. The thesis attempts to develop the architecture of a parking management solution as a comfort-enhancing application that offers to reduce congestion related stress and improve the driver experience by reducing the time it takes to identify and utilise a parking space that is available.

L'environnement \textit{indoor} permet un grand nombre de services issus des technologies de l'information et de la communication. La localisation de l'utilisateur, via celle de son smartphone, est donc un élément-clé de cette réussite. Cette thèse s'intéresse au suivi des déplacements de l'utilisateur grâce aux capteurs de mouvement embarqués dans son smartphone. Elle repose sur la détermination du type de locomotion. Nous proposons une solution de navigation \textit{indoor} complète, permettant de proposer à l'utilisateur un chemin jusqu'à sa destination dans n'importe quel bâtiment tout en connaissant sa position à chaque instant, avec une précision de l'ordre du mètre. De façon analogue, nous avons également montré que nous pouvons déterminer le mode de transport d'un utilisateur pour une application de détection de places de parking libres. / Indoor environments present opportunities for a rich set of location-aware services in the information and communications technology (ICT) area. Therefore, accurately localizing a user indoors has become a key enabling technology. This thesis addresses the issue of tracking a user equipped with an off-the-shelf smartphone by exploiting its embedded motion sensors. Leveraging key characteristics of human locomotion, we propose a complete, infrastructure-free indoor navigation solution, allowing a user to navigate any unknown building with meter-level accuracy. Finally, extending our understanding of locomotion to outdoors areas where users are inside vehicles, we design and implement a smartphone application for smart on-street parking.

This diploma thesis focuses on the transport analysis in the town Červený Kostelec in the Hradec Králové Region. The work contains analysis of transport modes, especially road transport and parking, concurrently proposes their optimization. The first part of the thesis provides basic informations of the town Červený Kostelec. Next there is described the current traffic situation in the town. The second part of the work focuses on the analysis and solution of the difficult places.

Det här examensarbetet handlar om hur man med hjälp av ett skyltsystem på tre nivåskillnader, i ögonhöjd, på marknivå och på en förhöjd nivå kan underlätta navigeringen till parkeringsautomater i Stockholms innerstad. Denna studie är skriven inom ämnet Informationsdesign med inriktning mot Rumslig gestaltning. Förstagångsbesökares svårighet med att hitta till parkeringsautomater är det praktiska problem som legat till grund för detta arbete. De metoder som använts i denna studie är rumslig analys, innefattande observation samt platsanalys. Även benchmarking, kundresa, intervju, surveyundersökning samt användartest har använts för empirisk datainsamling. Studien har resulterat i ett designförslag som har i syfte att underlätta besökarnas navigering från det att de har parkerat sitt fordon till att de nått parkeringsautomaten. Detta ska medföra att färre kommer bli försenade eller missa sådant som de planerat och på så sätt kommer det även minska stressnivån för samtliga. Stressen som uppstår när en känner sig vilse ska alltså minimeras med hjälp av mitt skyltsystem. / This thesis is about how a three-level sign system; at eye level, at ground level and at an elevated level, can facilitate navigation to parking meters in Stockholm's inner city. This study is written in the field of Information Design with specialization in Spatial Design. The first-time visitor’s difficulty in finding parking meters is the practical problem that underlies this work. The methods used are spatial analysis, including observation as well as site analysis. Benchmarking, customer experience audit, interview, survey and user tests have also been used for empirical data collection. The study has resulted in a design proposal aimed at facilitating visitor’s navigation from the time they have parked their car until they have reached the parking meter. Stress that occurs when one feels lost in a city environment should be minimized with the help of my design proposal. This will result in fewer missed plans for the visitors and an overall better experience of paying for your parking in Stockholm’s inner city.

This design project delves into the realm of public spaces, considering sociocultural, sociopolitical, and participatory design aspects, catalyzed by the Covid-19 pandemic's lockdowns. By repurposing a parking lot, the project endeavors to scrutinize, trial, and understand the reactions and needs through a design interaction and multifunctional furniture set, the simple story of Prototype.