This project combines oncolytic Vaccinia virus (VV) with irinotecan (CPT-11) for the treatment of cancer. VV can infect, replicate in and destroy cancer cells, yet leave healthy cells relatively unaffected. CPT-11 is a chemotherapeutic of which ~5% is converted to the more active chemotherapeutic SN-38 by endogenous carboxylesterase (CE) enzymes. SN-38 is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that induces DNA double strand breaks, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. Consequently, VV has been engineered to express a more effective isoform of the CE enzyme. The virus’ tumour tropism should restrict enhanced conversion of CPT-11 to the tumour. Neither CPT-11 nor SN-38 interfered with VV replication or spread. Engineered recombinants expressed CE enzyme which, when combined with CPT-11, produced DNA double strand breaks and cancer cell death. In vitro, the combination of CE-virus and CPT-11 killed more K-562 cancer cells than its non-CE counterpart and CPT-11.

This project combines oncolytic Vaccinia virus (VV) with irinotecan (CPT-11) for the treatment of cancer. VV can infect, replicate in and destroy cancer cells, yet leave healthy cells relatively unaffected. CPT-11 is a chemotherapeutic of which ~5% is converted to the more active chemotherapeutic SN-38 by endogenous carboxylesterase (CE) enzymes. SN-38 is a topoisomerase I inhibitor that induces DNA double strand breaks, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis. Consequently, VV has been engineered to express a more effective isoform of the CE enzyme. The virus’ tumour tropism should restrict enhanced conversion of CPT-11 to the tumour. Neither CPT-11 nor SN-38 interfered with VV replication or spread. Engineered recombinants expressed CE enzyme which, when combined with CPT-11, produced DNA double strand breaks and cancer cell death. In vitro, the combination of CE-virus and CPT-11 killed more K-562 cancer cells than its non-CE counterpart and CPT-11.

El sistema TK/GCV es, problamente, la estrategia suicida mejor caracterizada hasta el momento. No obstante, se desconocen muchos aspectos relacionados con su mecanismo de acción. Con el objetivo de indentificar condicionantes de la respuesta TK/GCV, realizamos un estudio comparativo de la expresión de genes y de las vías de señalización que se activan en células sensibles y en células resistentes al tratamiento. Así, pudimos asociar la actividad de la quinasa Chk1, y la expresión de genes involucrados en el control del ciclo celular, con una mayor respuesta al sistema suicida. Así mismo, determinamos que la combinación de TK/GCV con el inhibidor de Chk1 UCN-01 produce un efecto antagónico en las células sensibles a TK/GCV. Por otro lado, la terapia combinada capaz de lisar las células e inducir muerte celular por fosforilación de GCV, en un único agente (ICOVIR11), resultó en una potenciación de sus efectos citotóxicos, permitiendo la compensación de la pérdida de potencia secundaria al uso de un promotor selectivo de tumor. Más aún, la expresión de TK como gen tardío de ICOVIR11,permitió la monitorización in vivo y de manera no invasiva, de la actividad TK y la replicación viral. / Although extensively characterized, the paradigmatic suicide system TK/GCV conceals the details of its ultimate mechanism of action. In order to shed some light on this issue, we conducted a series of experiments with resistant and sensitive cell lines, allowing us to identify cell cyclerelated genes that are deregulated in cells with induced resistance to TK/GCV. In addition, the association of Chk1 activation with a greater sensitivity to TK/GCV, pointed out the relevance of the cell cycle status at the moment of receiving the treatment, and its control in response to genotoxic insults. Treatment with a Chk1 inhibitor induced, in sensitive cells, an antagonistic effect on TK/GCV cytotoxicity. On the other hand, single-agent combination therapy of TK/GCV with adenoviral lysis resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity. In this setting the expression of TK as a late gene in an oncolytic adenovirus minimized the loss of potency associated to the conditioning of viral replication. On top of that, TK expression allowed for in vivo, real time, non-invasive monitoring of viral replication in mice, and was used to analyze the effects of treatment schedule on treatment outcome.