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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effect of an aggressive versus conservative, multi-modal rehabilitation programme on chronic lower back pain

Billson, John Henry 24 October 2011 (has links)
Low back pain has become one of the most influential musculoskeletal diseases of modern society. It is one of most expensive diseases in terms of medical costs and increased worker absenteeism, which can lead to permanent disability and places strain on the economy as a whole. Pain has been recognised as a disease in itself, which has certain consequences when it becomes chronic. Many kinds of treatment options exist with varying degrees of success. The question is thus which treatment option is the most favourable and cost-effective. Conservative treatment is the most recommended form of treatment when no serious underlying diseases are present. Exercise has been shown to be very effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain but there are still questions regarding the use of exercise therapy. The predetermined goal of the study was to ascertain whether an aggressiveprogressive exercise programme, and specifically what kind of exercises, would be more effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain. This was achieved through a number of steps, which included an extensive literature review, the identification of an appropriate test battery with related minimum physical requirements and cut scores, subject recruitment and screening of subjects, the implementation of the intervention and the subsequent re-testing of the subjects. Once the data was completed, the next step was to make use of two case studies to assist in illustrating the effectiveness of individual patients compared to the sample as a whole. These case studies were of patients who completed the entire programme but one took longer to complete the programme. This assists in illustrating the value of maintaining exercise protocol. The results from the present study are extremely positive. The two case studies provided a glimpse of the potential value that could be added through the implementation of more aggressive-progressive exercise interventions in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The final product will greatly assist exercise therapists concerned with the treatment of chronic low back pain along with cognitive-behavioural techniques. Hopefully this study will provide insight into managing chronic low back pain in South Africa from an exercise standpoint. Secondly the study will provide practical techniques to implement in an era in which economic difficulties are rife.AFRIKAANS: Laerugpyn het een van die invloedrykste muskuloskeletale siektes van die moderne samelewing geword. Dit is een van die duurste siektes in terme van mediese koste en verhoogde siekverlof deur werkers, wat kan lei tot permanente ongeskiktheid en ’n verhoogde las plaas op die ekonomie as ’n geheel. Pyn word erken as ’n siekte op sy eie wat sekere gevolge het wanneer dit chronies begin raak. Verskeie soorte behandelingsopsies is beskikbaar met variërende grade van sukses. Die vraag is dus watter behandelingsopsie is die bruikbaarste en koste-doeltreffendste. Konserwatiewe behandeling is die mees aanbevole metode van behandeling wanneer daar geen ernstige onderliggende siektetoestande teenwoordig is nie. Dit is reeds bewys dat oefening baie doeltreffend is in die behandeling van chroniese laerugpyn. Daar bestaan egter steeds vrae rondom die gebruik van oefening as terapie.Die vooropgestelde doelwit van die studie was om te bepaal of ’n aggressiewe-progressiewe inoefeningsprogram doeltreffend sal wees in die behandeling van chroniese laerugpyn, en meer spesifiek watter tipe oefening die doeltreffendste sal wees. Die navorsing het bestaan uit ’n paar stappe wat ingesluit het ’n intensiewe literatuursoektog, die identifisering van ’n gepaste toetsbattery met verwante minimum fisieke vereistes en afsnytellings, die verkryging en evaluering van proefpersone, die implementering van die intervensieprogram en die daaropvolgende hertoetsing van die proefpersone.Nadat die invordering van die data en die gepaardgaande analise van die data voltooi is, was die volgende stap om gebruik te maak van twee gevallestudies ten einde die doeltreffendheid van die intervensieprogram vir individuele proefpersone te ilustreer deur dit te vergelyk met die groep as ’n geheel. Die twee gevallestudies was van proefpersone wat die intervensieprogram volledig voltooi het, alhoewel die een proefpersoon langer geneem het om die intervensieprogram te voltooi. Dit help om die navolgingswaarde van ’n inoefeningsprotokol te illustreer. Die resultate van die huidige studie is uiters positief. Die twee gevallestudies gee ’n mate van insig wat betref die potensiële waarde wat verkry kan word deur die implementering van ’n meer aggressiewe-progressiewe inoefeningsintervensie vir die behandeling van chroniese lae rugpyn. Die finale produk sal die nodige ondersteuning aan oefeningsterapeute bied wat onseker is oor die behandeling van chroniese laerugpyn deur middel van aggressiewe-progressiewe inoefeningsintervensies en kognitiewe gedragstegnieke. Hierdie studie sal dus die begrip en insig van die behandeling van chroniese laerugpyn in Suid-Afrika verhoog vanuit ’n oefeningsuitgangspunt. Tweedens sal die studie die gebruik van praktiese oefentegnieke aanmoedig in ’n era waarin ekonomiese tye moeilik is. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted
2

The social inclusion of learners with visual impairment in a mainstream secondary school in Namibia

Human, Lizl 03 1900 (has links)
According to Hatlen (2004), most learners with disabilities in an inclusive educational setting are socially isolated. This statement contributed to the research question of this study, how do learners with visual impairment experience the social aspects of their inclusion in a Namibian mainstream secondary school? The aim of this study was to design a case study to analyse and describe data collected from learners with visual impairment and other participants to determine how they are socially included in a mainstream setting. A qualitative research methodology was used, which included purposive sampling to select participants. The researcher functioned in an interpretive/constructivist paradigm. It was found that the learners with disabilities and the able-bodied learners do not truly mix, however, the learners with disabilities are content in the mainstream school and they prefer it. / Om aan 'n groep te behoort en sosiaal ingesluit te voel is 'n basiese menslike behoefte - dit is net so belangrik soos die basiese behoeftes van kos en veiligheid. Sosiale inklusie kan as een van die kritiese elemente beskou word wat onderskei tussen mense wat ongesteld is en mense wat gesond is. Betekenisvolle verhoudings dra by tot self-aktualisering. Lae sosiale inklusie beteken vir leerders eensaamheid en swak aanvaarding deur portuurgroepe. Sosiale inklusie is van groot belang vir kinders se ontwikkeling. Navorsing het bevind dat inklusiewe hoofstroomskole die effektiefste manier is om diskriminasie te beveg en sosiale insluiting te bevorder. Hatlen (2004) is van mening dat die groter meerderheid van leerders met gestremdhede in 'n hoofstroomskool sosiaal gei soleerd is. Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe studie was om leerders met gestremdhede se persepsie van hulle eie sosiale aanvaarding binne 'n inklusiewe hoofstroom sekondere skool te ondersoek. Die navorser het binne 'n interpretatiewe/konstruktivistiese paradigma gewerk. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologie is gevolg en het die volgende ingesluit: doelbewuste seleksie om te bepaal wie die deelnemers sou wees; onderhoude, observasie, dokumente en refleksies om data te genereer; en inhoudsanalise om die data te analiseer. Navorsingsbevindinge dui aan dat leerders met gestremdhede vir jare afgesonder was van die res van die samelewing deur hierdie leerders in spesiale skole te plaas. Dit het veroorsaak dat mense vervreemd van mekaar is en het 'n skeiding tussen 'ons' en 'hulle' veroorsaak. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie beklemtoon die belangrikheid van bewusmaking tussen leerders met gestremdhede en leerders sonder gestremdhede. Daar kom wel afknouery voor op die skoolgronde en ware vriendskappe tussen leerders met gestremdhede en leerders sonder gestremdhede vind nie in die ware sin van die woord plaas nie. Hierdie leerders is egter tevrede en verkies steeds om in 'n hoofstroomskool te wees. Inklusiewe onderwys is nog 'n nuwe konsep en in die ontwikkelingsfase in Namibie, terwyl die leerders nog onbekend is met inklusie, asook met mekaar. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)
3

The social inclusion of learners with visual impairment in a mainstream secondary school in Namibia

Human, Lizl 03 1900 (has links)
According to Hatlen (2004), most learners with disabilities in an inclusive educational setting are socially isolated. This statement contributed to the research question of this study, how do learners with visual impairment experience the social aspects of their inclusion in a Namibian mainstream secondary school? The aim of this study was to design a case study to analyse and describe data collected from learners with visual impairment and other participants to determine how they are socially included in a mainstream setting. A qualitative research methodology was used, which included purposive sampling to select participants. The researcher functioned in an interpretive/constructivist paradigm. It was found that the learners with disabilities and the able-bodied learners do not truly mix, however, the learners with disabilities are content in the mainstream school and they prefer it. / Om aan 'n groep te behoort en sosiaal ingesluit te voel is 'n basiese menslike behoefte - dit is net so belangrik soos die basiese behoeftes van kos en veiligheid. Sosiale inklusie kan as een van die kritiese elemente beskou word wat onderskei tussen mense wat ongesteld is en mense wat gesond is. Betekenisvolle verhoudings dra by tot self-aktualisering. Lae sosiale inklusie beteken vir leerders eensaamheid en swak aanvaarding deur portuurgroepe. Sosiale inklusie is van groot belang vir kinders se ontwikkeling. Navorsing het bevind dat inklusiewe hoofstroomskole die effektiefste manier is om diskriminasie te beveg en sosiale insluiting te bevorder. Hatlen (2004) is van mening dat die groter meerderheid van leerders met gestremdhede in 'n hoofstroomskool sosiaal gei soleerd is. Die doel van hierdie kwalitatiewe studie was om leerders met gestremdhede se persepsie van hulle eie sosiale aanvaarding binne 'n inklusiewe hoofstroom sekondere skool te ondersoek. Die navorser het binne 'n interpretatiewe/konstruktivistiese paradigma gewerk. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologie is gevolg en het die volgende ingesluit: doelbewuste seleksie om te bepaal wie die deelnemers sou wees; onderhoude, observasie, dokumente en refleksies om data te genereer; en inhoudsanalise om die data te analiseer. Navorsingsbevindinge dui aan dat leerders met gestremdhede vir jare afgesonder was van die res van die samelewing deur hierdie leerders in spesiale skole te plaas. Dit het veroorsaak dat mense vervreemd van mekaar is en het 'n skeiding tussen 'ons' en 'hulle' veroorsaak. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie beklemtoon die belangrikheid van bewusmaking tussen leerders met gestremdhede en leerders sonder gestremdhede. Daar kom wel afknouery voor op die skoolgronde en ware vriendskappe tussen leerders met gestremdhede en leerders sonder gestremdhede vind nie in die ware sin van die woord plaas nie. Hierdie leerders is egter tevrede en verkies steeds om in 'n hoofstroomskool te wees. Inklusiewe onderwys is nog 'n nuwe konsep en in die ontwikkelingsfase in Namibie, terwyl die leerders nog onbekend is met inklusie, asook met mekaar. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)
4

An exploratory study of both the causes of exclusion of persons with physical disabilities from employment and mechanisms to promote their inclusion / Verkenningstudie oor die oorsake van indiensneminguitsluiting van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede, sowel as maniere om hul insluiting / Ucwaningo lokulinga kokubili izimbangela zokukhishwa inyumbazane kwabantu abakhubazekile ekuqashweni kanye nezindlela zokuqhubela phambili ukubandakanywa kwabo

Nel-Venter, Cecile Jacqueline 01 1900 (has links)
English, Afrikaans and Zulu summaries / Orientation: The study researched physical disability apropos of employment. The attitudes of able-bodied persons towards persons with disabilities (PWD) culminate in the exclusion of the latter from the workplace. Aspects of this topic have been addressed by researchers abroad and in Africa using samples of limited size. Research aim: The general aim of the research was twofold. Firstly, it set out to uncover the causes of exclusion of persons with physical disabilities from employment in the South African open labour market, and secondly, to identify interventions that could assuage this situation. Research methodology: A convergent mixed methods research strategy was adopted, with responses of employers forming the quantitative strand and those of persons with physical disabilities (PWPD) forming the qualitative strand. A customer survey questionnaire was developed and validated for the sample of 342 employers, while interview schedules were used for 312 PWPD. Statistical procedures included factor analysis, chi-square tests and structural equation modelling. Main findings: Meta-inferences were formulated relating to the mixed methods research. The overarching message conveyed discord in respect of several dimensions, between the perceptions of employers, those of persons with physical disabilities and the theory. Employers are receptive to employing persons with disabilities but conflicted about their management, competence and accommodation. They are reportedly unfamiliar with disability matters, and cannot locate qualified candidates, while disability policies are not commonplace. Key national interventions encompass incentives for employers to hire PWD, tax concessions and amendment of the BBBEE scorecard points system. Important interventions at organisational level entail training in disability matters across the board, as well as disability-related policies. At individual level, PWPD need training in job-seeking techniques, effective avenues to secure work, accommodation and assistive technology, and skills. To extend the mixed methods research, industrial sectors were compared and latent constructs sought in separate analyses. Main contributions: Different perspectives gleaned from employers in various sectors, PWPD, disability advocacy organisations and associated groups; expansion of the literature on disability employment; structural equation modelling that produced latent constructs which underlie the causes of exclusion of PWPD from employment and enhance understanding of those aspects with a direct bearing on employers’ receptivity to hiring PWPD. The findings could catalyse national and organisational policy frameworks to promote inclusion in the workplace. Public policy makers could utilise the findings to devise strategies that would motivate employers to hire PWPD. Organisational policies, with practical guidelines, should be formulated relating to recruitment of PWPD and disability training for staff. The different types of disabilities and job categories in which employers would be willing to appoint PWD were ascertained. / Oriëntering: Die studie het ondersoek ingestel na liggaamlike ongeskiktheid ten opsigte van indiensneming. Die houdings van nie-gestremde persone teenoor persone met gestremdhede veroorsaak dat laasgenoemde van die werksplek uitgesluit word. Fasette van hierdie onderwerp is deur navorsers oorsee en in Afrika ondersoek met behulp van steekproewe van beperkte grootte. Navorsingsdoelwit: Die algemene doelwit van die navorsing was tweeledig. Dit het eerstens ten doel gehad om die oorsake van indiensnemingsuitsluiting van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede in die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark te bepaal, en tweedens, om ingrypings te identifiseer wat hierdie situasie kan verbeter. Navorsingsmetodologie: ’n Konvergerende gemengdemetode-navorsingstrategie is ingespan, met werkgewers se response as die kwantitatiewe been en dié van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede, as die kwalitatiewe been. ʼn Kliëntetevredenheidsvraelys is vir die steekproef van 342 werkgewers ontwikkel en geldig verklaar, terwyl onderhoudskedules vir 312 persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede gebruik is. Statistiese prosedures het faktorontleding, chi-kwadraattoetse en strukturele-vergelyking-modellering ingesluit. Belangrikste bevindinge: Meta-inferensies met betrekking tot die gemengdemetode-navorsing is geformuleer. Die oorkoepelende boodskap was een van verdeeldheid oor verskeie dimensies; tussen werkgewers se persepsies, dié van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede en die teorie. Werkgewers is ontvanklik vir indiensneming van persone met gestremdhede, maar het verskil oor die bestuur, bevoegdheid en akkommodering van sulke persone. Hulle is blykbaar nie bekend met ongeskiktheidsaangeleenthede nie en kan nie gekwalifiseerde kandidate vind terwyl ongeskiktheidsbeleide nie alledaags is nie. Deurslaggewende nasionale ingrypings behels aansporings vir werkgewers om persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede in diens te neem, belastingvergunnings en aanpassing van die BGSEB-telkaartpuntestelsel. Belangrike ingrypings op organisasievlak behels algemene opleiding in ongeskiktheidsake, sowel as beleide oor ongeskiktheidskwessies. Op individuele vlak benodig persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede opleiding in werksoektegnieke, doeltreffende metodes om werk te verseker, akkommodasie en ondersteunende tegnologie, en vaardighede. Om die gemengdemetodes-navorsing uit te brei, is nywerheidsektore vergelyk en latente konsepte in afsonderlike ontledings gesoek. Hoofbydraes: Verskillende perspektiewe wat van werkgewers in verskeie sektore verkry is, persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede, gestremdheidvoorspraakorganisasies en verwante groepe; uitbreiding van die literatuur oor ongeskiktheidsindiensneming; strukturele-vergelyking-modellering wat aanleiding gegee het tot latente konsepte onderliggend tot die oorsake van indiensneminguitsluiting van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede en bevorderlik vir begrip van daardie aspekte wat ʼn direkte invloed op werkgewers se ontvanklikheid rakende indiensneming van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede het. Die bevindinge kan nasionale en organisasiebeleidsraamwerke kataliseer om insluiting in die werksplek te bevorder. Openbarebeleidbepalers kan die navorsingsresultate gebruik om strategieë te beraam wat werkgewers sal motiveer om persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede aan te stel. Organisasiebeleide, met praktiese riglyne, moet geformuleer word ten opsigte van werwing van persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede en ongeskiktheidsopleiding vir personeel. Die verskillende soorte gestremdhede en werkskategorieë waar werknemers bereid sal wees om persone met liggaamlike gestremdhede in diens te neem, is vasgestel. / Isimo nokuqondiswe kukho (orientation) Ucwaningo lucwaninge ngokukhubazeka ngomzimba maqondana nokuhambisana nokuqashwa Imibono yabantu abangakhubazekile maqondana nabantu abakhubazekile ngokubizwa ngokuthi yi-persons with disabilities (PWD) ibangela ukuthi abantu abakhubazekile bakhishelwe eceleni maqondana nemisebenzi. Izingxenye zalesi sihloko kubhekwane nazo ngabanye abacwaningi baphesheya kanye nase-Afrka ngokusebenzisa amasampuli amancane. Inhloso yocwaningo: Inhloso enabile yocwaningo ikabili. Okokuqala, ukuthola izimbangela zokukhishelwa eceleni kwabantu abakhubazekile ekuqashweni eNingizimu Afrika nasemakethe evulekile yezemisebenzi, kanti eyesibili, ukuphawula ngezinto ezingabawusizo ukululamisa lesi simo. Imetodoloji (indlela) yocwaningo: Kusetshenziswe isu elihlangene lezindlela zocwaningo okuyi-mixed methods research, kanti izimpendulo zabaqashi zibumbe ingxenye ye-quantitative strand, kanti ezalabo bantu abakhubazekile ngomzimba (PWPD) zona zibumbe ingxenye ye-qualitative strand. Kwenziwe i-survey yamakhastama yase iqinisekiswa ukwenzela isampuli yaqabashi abangu 342, kanti isheduli yama-interview yenziwe kubantu abakhubazekile ngomzimba (PWPD) abangu 312). Inqubo yamastatistiki ibandakanye uhlaziyo lwe-factor analysis, i-chi-square tests kanye ne-structural equation modelling. Okukhulu okutholakele: Isiphetho ngokujulile i-meta-inferences yenziwe maqondana nezindlela ezixubene zocwaningo. Umlayezo omkhulu owaboniswa ukubhimba maqondana nezinto ezehlukene, phakathi kwemibono yabaqashi, kanye nabantu abakhubazekile ngemizimba kanye nethiyori. Abaqashi bazimisele ukuqasha abantu abakhubazekile kodwa banemibono engqubuzanayo ngokuphathwa kwabo, amakhono kanye nokubabonelela. Abanalwazi ngezinto eziphathelene nokukhubazeka, kanti abakwazi ukuthola amakhandideyiti afundele imisebenzi, kanti imigomo ngokukhubazeka ayikho kahle. Okukhulu okumele kwenziwe ukungenela kwizwe lonke kubandakanya izikhuthazi kubaqashi ukuqasha abantu abakhubazekile, izibonelelo ngentela, kanye nokuchitshiyelwa kwenqubo yamaphoyinti e-BBBEE. Ukungenela okubalulekile ezinhlanganweni kubandakanya uqeqesho ngezinto eziphathelene nobukhubazeki kuyo yonke imikhakha kanye nemigomo ehambelana nokukhubazeka. Kumkhakha wabantu ziqu, abantu abakhubazekile ngemizimba badinga uqeqesho ngamathekniki okufuna imisebenzi, imikhakha efanele yokuthola imisebenzi, izibonelelo, kanye namatheknoloji osizo kanye namakhono. Ukunweba izindlela ezehlukene zocwaningo, kwaqhathaniswa amasektha ezimboni, kwasekufunwa ama-latent construct ngohlaziyo olwehlukene. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

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